First book to discuss the analysis of structural steel connections by Finite Element Analysis--which provides fast, efficient, and flexible checking of these vital structural components
The analysis of steel structures is complex--much more so than the analysis of similar concrete structures. There are no universally accepted rules for the analysis of connections in steel structures or the analysis of the stresses transferred from one connection to another. This book presents a general approach to steel connection analysis and check, which is the result of independent research that began more than fifteen years ago. It discusses the problems of connection analysis and describes a generally applicable methodology, based on Finite Element Analysis, for analyzing the connections in steel structures. That methodology has been implemented in software successfully, providing a fast, automatic, and flexible route to the design and analysis of the connections in steel structures.
Steel Connection Analysis explains several general methods which have been researched and programmed during many years, and that can be used to tackle the problem of connection analysis in a very general way, with a limited and automated computational effort. It also covers several problems related to steel connection analysis automation.
* Uses Finite Element Analysis to discuss the analysis of structural steel connections
* Analysis is applicable to all connections in steel structures
* The methodology is the basis of the commercially successful CSE connection analysis software
* Analysis is fast and flexible
Structural engineers, fabricators, software developing firms, university researchers, and advanced students of civil and structural engineering will all benefit from Steel Connection Analysis.
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Verlagsort
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ISBN-13
978-1-119-30348-0 (9781119303480)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 - Title Page [Seite 5]
2 - Copyright [Seite 6]
3 - Contents [Seite 9]
4 - Preface [Seite 17]
5 - Chapter 1 Introduction [Seite 19]
5.1 - 1.1 An Unsolved Problem [Seite 19]
5.2 - 1.2 Limits of Traditional Approaches [Seite 20]
5.2.1 - 1.2.1 Generality [Seite 20]
5.2.2 - 1.2.2 Member Stress State Oversimplification [Seite 21]
5.2.3 - 1.2.3 Single Constituent Internal Combined Effects Linearization [Seite 22]
5.2.4 - 1.2.4 Single-Constituent External Combined-Effects Neglect [Seite 25]
5.2.5 - 1.2.5 Neglecting Eccentricities [Seite 26]
5.2.6 - 1.2.6 Use of Envelopes [Seite 27]
5.2.7 - 1.2.7 Oversimplification of Plastic Mechanisms Evaluation [Seite 29]
5.2.8 - 1.2.8 Evaluation of Buckling Phenomena [Seite 31]
5.3 - 1.3 Some Limits of the Codes of Practice [Seite 32]
5.3.1 - 1.3.1 Problem of Coded Standards [Seite 32]
5.3.2 - 1.3.2 T-Stub in Eurocode 3 [Seite 33]
5.3.3 - 1.3.3 Eurocode 3 Component Model [Seite 35]
5.3.4 - 1.3.4 Distribution of Internal Forces [Seite 38]
5.3.5 - 1.3.5 Prying Forces [Seite 38]
5.3.6 - 1.3.6 Block Tearing [Seite 39]
5.4 - 1.4 Scope of This Book [Seite 39]
5.5 - 1.5 Automatic Modeling and Analysis of 3D Connections [Seite 41]
5.6 - 1.6 Acknowledgments [Seite 42]
5.7 - References [Seite 42]
6 - Chapter 2 Jnodes [Seite 45]
6.1 - 2.1 BFEM [Seite 45]
6.2 - 2.2 From the BFEM to the Member Model [Seite 47]
6.2.1 - 2.2.1 Physical Model and the Analytical Model [Seite 47]
6.2.2 - 2.2.2 Member Detection: Connection Codes [Seite 49]
6.2.3 - 2.2.3 An Automatic Algorithm for Straight Prismatic Member Detection [Seite 52]
6.2.4 - 2.2.4 Member Data Structure [Seite 54]
6.2.5 - 2.2.5 Member Classification at a Node [Seite 54]
6.2.6 - 2.2.6 Member Mutual Alignment Coding [Seite 55]
6.3 - 2.3 Jnodes [Seite 58]
6.3.1 - 2.3.1 Need for the Jnode Concept [Seite 58]
6.3.2 - 2.3.2 Jnode Definition [Seite 59]
6.4 - 2.4 Jnode Analytics [Seite 60]
6.4.1 - 2.4.1 Classification of Jnodes [Seite 60]
6.4.2 - 2.4.2 Simple Jnodes [Seite 60]
6.4.3 - 2.4.3 Hierarchical Jnodes [Seite 60]
6.4.4 - 2.4.4 Central Jnodes [Seite 61]
6.4.5 - 2.4.5 Cuspidal Jnodes [Seite 61]
6.4.6 - 2.4.6 Tangent Jnodes [Seite 62]
6.4.7 - 2.4.7 Constraints [Seite 63]
6.4.8 - 2.4.8 Summary of Jnode Classification [Seite 64]
6.4.9 - 2.4.9 Setting Connection Codes: Examples [Seite 64]
6.5 - 2.5 Equal Jnodes Detection [Seite 67]
6.5.1 - 2.5.1 Toponode [Seite 67]
6.5.2 - 2.5.2 Jnode Data Structure [Seite 67]
6.5.3 - 2.5.3 Superimposable Member Couples [Seite 68]
6.5.4 - 2.5.4 Criteria to Assess Jnodes Equality [Seite 69]
6.5.5 - 2.5.5 Algorithm to Find Equal Jnodes [Seite 70]
6.5.6 - 2.5.6 Examples [Seite 73]
6.6 - 2.6 Structural Connectivity Indices [Seite 74]
6.7 - 2.7 Particular Issues [Seite 77]
6.7.1 - 2.7.1 Symmetries [Seite 77]
6.7.2 - 2.7.2 Splitting of Jnodes [Seite 78]
6.7.3 - 2.7.3 Mutual Interaction of Different Jnodes, Jnode Clusters [Seite 79]
6.7.4 - 2.7.4 Tolerances [Seite 81]
6.8 - 2.8 Jclasses [Seite 81]
6.9 - References [Seite 82]
7 - Chapter 3 A Model for Connection [Seite 83]
7.1 - 3.1 Terminology [Seite 83]
7.2 - 3.2 Graphs of Connections [Seite 84]
7.3 - 3.3 Subconstituents vs Layouts [Seite 87]
7.4 - 3.4 Classification of Connections [Seite 88]
7.5 - Reference [Seite 90]
8 - Chapter 4 Renodes [Seite 91]
8.1 - 4.1 From Jnode to Renode Concept [Seite 91]
8.2 - 4.2 BREP Geometrical Description of 3D Objects [Seite 91]
8.3 - 4.3 The Scene [Seite 93]
8.3.1 - 4.3.1 Generality [Seite 93]
8.3.2 - 4.3.2 Members [Seite 95]
8.3.3 - 4.3.3 Typical Fittings [Seite 96]
8.3.4 - 4.3.4 Connectors [Seite 97]
8.4 - 4.4 Dual Geometry [Seite 101]
8.5 - 4.5 Automatic Connection Detection [Seite 103]
8.5.1 - 4.5.1 Faces in Contact [Seite 103]
8.5.2 - 4.5.2 Bolt Layouts [Seite 104]
8.5.3 - 4.5.3 Weld Layouts [Seite 107]
8.6 - 4.6 Elementary Operations [Seite 109]
8.7 - 4.7 Renode Logic and the Chains [Seite 111]
8.7.1 - 4.7.1 Minimum Compliance Criteria for Renode Good Design [Seite 111]
8.7.2 - 4.7.2 Chains [Seite 112]
8.7.3 - 4.7.3 Finding Chains [Seite 114]
8.8 - 4.8 Prenodes [Seite 120]
8.9 - 4.9 After Scene Creation [Seite 121]
9 - Chapter 5 Pillars of Connection Analysis [Seite 123]
9.1 - 5.1 Equilibrium [Seite 123]
9.1.1 - 5.1.1 Generality [Seite 123]
9.1.2 - 5.1.2 Statics of Free Rigid Bodies [Seite 126]
9.2 - 5.2 Action Reaction Principle [Seite 129]
9.3 - 5.3 Statics of Connections [Seite 133]
9.3.1 - 5.3.1 Equilibrium of Members in Renodes: Proper and Dual Models [Seite 133]
9.3.2 - 5.3.2 Force Packets for Compound Members [Seite 137]
9.3.3 - 5.3.3 Primary Unknowns: Iso-, Hypo-, and Hyperconnectivity [Seite 142]
9.4 - 5.4 Static Theorem of Limit Analysis [Seite 145]
9.5 - 5.5 The Unsaid of the Engineering Simplified Methods [Seite 148]
9.6 - 5.6 Missing Pillars of Connection Analysis [Seite 148]
9.6.1 - 5.6.1 Buckling [Seite 149]
9.6.2 - 5.6.2 Fracture [Seite 165]
9.6.3 - 5.6.3 Slip [Seite 168]
9.6.4 - 5.6.4 Fatigue [Seite 170]
9.7 - 5.7 Analysis of Connections: General Path [Seite 171]
9.8 - References [Seite 172]
10 - Chapter 6 Connectors: Weld Layouts [Seite 173]
10.1 - 6.1 Introduction [Seite 173]
10.2 - 6.2 Considerations of Stiffness Matrix of Connectors [Seite 174]
10.3 - 6.3 Introduction to Weld Layouts [Seite 178]
10.4 - 6.4 Reference Systems and Stresses for Welds [Seite 180]
10.5 - 6.5 Geometrical Limitations [Seite 183]
10.5.1 - 6.5.1 Penetration Weld Layouts [Seite 183]
10.5.2 - 6.5.2 Fillet Weld Layouts [Seite 184]
10.6 - 6.6 Penetration-Weld Layouts (Groove Welds) [Seite 185]
10.6.1 - 6.6.1 Generality [Seite 185]
10.6.2 - 6.6.2 Simple Methods to Evaluate the Stresses [Seite 186]
10.6.3 - 6.6.3 Weld Layout Cross-Section Data [Seite 188]
10.6.4 - 6.6.4 Stiffness Matrix [Seite 190]
10.6.5 - 6.6.5 Special Models [Seite 203]
10.6.6 - 6.6.6 Example [Seite 206]
10.7 - 6.7 Fillet-Welds Weld Layouts [Seite 214]
10.7.1 - 6.7.1 The Behavior of Fillet Welds [Seite 214]
10.7.2 - 6.7.2 Numerical Tests of Fillet Welds in the Linear Range [Seite 225]
10.7.3 - 6.7.3 The Stiffness Matrix of a Single Fillet Weld [Seite 230]
10.7.4 - 6.7.4 Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method in 3D [Seite 232]
10.7.5 - 6.7.5 Computing the Stresses in Fillet Welds from the Forces Applied to the Layout [Seite 249]
10.7.6 - 6.7.6 Fillet Welds Using Contact and Friction [Seite 251]
10.8 - 6.8 Mixed Penetration and Fillet Weld Layouts [Seite 253]
10.9 - References [Seite 253]
11 - Chapter 7 Connectors: Bolt Layouts and Contact [Seite 255]
11.1 - 7.1 Introduction to Bolt Layouts [Seite 255]
11.2 - 7.2 Bolt Sizes and Classes [Seite 256]
11.3 - 7.3 Reference System and Stresses for Bolt Layouts [Seite 258]
11.4 - 7.4 Geometrical Limitations [Seite 261]
11.4.1 - 7.4.1 Eurocode 3 [Seite 262]
11.4.2 - 7.4.2 AISC 360-10 [Seite 262]
11.5 - 7.5 Not Preloaded Bolt Layouts (Bearing Bolt Layouts) [Seite 262]
11.5.1 - 7.5.1 Shear and Torque [Seite 262]
11.5.2 - 7.5.2 Axial Force and Bending [Seite 267]
11.6 - 7.6 Preloaded Bolt Layouts (Slip Resistant Bolt Layouts) [Seite 284]
11.6.1 - 7.6.1 Preloading Effects [Seite 284]
11.6.2 - 7.6.2 Shear and Torque [Seite 292]
11.6.3 - 7.6.3 Axial Force and Bending [Seite 293]
11.7 - 7.7 Anchors [Seite 295]
11.8 - 7.8 Stiffness Matrix of Bolt Layouts and of Single Bolts [Seite 300]
11.8.1 - 7.8.1 Generality [Seite 300]
11.8.2 - 7.8.2 Not Preloaded Bolts [Seite 301]
11.8.3 - 7.8.3 Preloaded Bolts [Seite 310]
11.8.4 - 7.8.4 Non-Linear Analysis of Bolts [Seite 311]
11.9 - 7.9 Internal Force Distribution [Seite 314]
11.9.1 - 7.9.1 General Method [Seite 314]
11.9.2 - 7.9.2 Bearing Surface Method to Compute Forces in Bolts [Seite 320]
11.9.3 - 7.9.3 Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method [Seite 324]
11.9.4 - 7.9.4 Examples [Seite 325]
11.10 - 7.10 Contact [Seite 334]
11.11 - References [Seite 335]
12 - Chapter 8 Failure Modes [Seite 337]
12.1 - 8.1 Introduction [Seite 337]
12.2 - 8.2 Utilization Factor Concept [Seite 338]
12.3 - 8.3 About the Specifications [Seite 344]
12.4 - 8.4 Weld Layouts [Seite 346]
12.4.1 - 8.4.1 Generality [Seite 346]
12.4.2 - 8.4.2 Penetration Weld Layouts [Seite 346]
12.4.3 - 8.4.3 Fillet Weld Layouts [Seite 350]
12.5 - 8.5 Bolt Layouts [Seite 355]
12.5.1 - 8.5.1 Resistance of Bolt Shaft [Seite 355]
12.5.2 - 8.5.2 Sliding and Resistance of No-Slip Connections [Seite 360]
12.5.3 - 8.5.3 Pull-Out of Anchors, or Failure of the Anchor Block [Seite 363]
12.6 - 8.6 Pins [Seite 364]
12.6.1 - 8.6.1 Eurocode 3 [Seite 364]
12.6.2 - 8.6.2 AISC 360-10 [Seite 365]
12.7 - 8.7 Members and Force Transferrers [Seite 365]
12.7.1 - 8.7.1 Generality [Seite 365]
12.7.2 - 8.7.2 Local Failure Modes [Seite 368]
12.7.3 - 8.7.3 Fracture Failure Modes [Seite 376]
12.7.4 - 8.7.4 Global Failure Modes [Seite 391]
12.8 - References [Seite 400]
13 - Chapter 9 Analysis: Hybrid Approach [Seite 403]
13.1 - 9.1 Introduction [Seite 403]
13.2 - 9.2 Some Basic Reminders About FEM Analysis of Plated-Structures [Seite 404]
13.2.1 - 9.2.1 FEM Analysis as an Engineering Tool [Seite 404]
13.2.2 - 9.2.2 Linear Models [Seite 405]
13.2.3 - 9.2.3 Linear Buckling Analysis [Seite 406]
13.2.4 - 9.2.4 Material Non-Linearity [Seite 408]
13.2.5 - 9.2.5 Geometrical Non-Linearity [Seite 410]
13.2.6 - 9.2.6 Contact Non-Linearity [Seite 412]
13.2.7 - 9.2.7 Non-Linear Analysis Control [Seite 414]
13.3 - 9.3 IRFEM [Seite 418]
13.3.1 - 9.3.1 Goal [Seite 418]
13.3.2 - 9.3.2 Hypotheses [Seite 419]
13.3.3 - 9.3.3 Construction [Seite 420]
13.3.4 - 9.3.4 Examples [Seite 426]
13.3.5 - 9.3.5 Results [Seite 429]
13.3.6 - 9.3.6 Remarks on the Use of IRFEM [Seite 431]
13.4 - 9.4 Connector Checks [Seite 436]
13.4.1 - 9.4.1 Weld Checks [Seite 436]
13.4.2 - 9.4.2 Bolt Resistance Checks [Seite 437]
13.4.3 - 9.4.3 Pull-Out Checks [Seite 437]
13.4.4 - 9.4.4 Slip Checks [Seite 437]
13.4.5 - 9.4.5 Prying Forces [Seite 437]
13.5 - 9.5 Cleats and Members Non-FEM Checks [Seite 444]
13.5.1 - 9.5.1 Action Reaction Principle [Seite 444]
13.5.2 - 9.5.2 Bolt Bearing [Seite 446]
13.5.3 - 9.5.3 Punching Shear [Seite 446]
13.5.4 - 9.5.4 Block Tearing [Seite 446]
13.5.5 - 9.5.5 Simplified Resistance Checks [Seite 447]
13.6 - 9.6 Single Constituent Finite Element Models [Seite 448]
13.6.1 - 9.6.1 Remarks on the Finite Element Models of Single Constituents (SCOFEM) [Seite 448]
13.6.2 - 9.6.2 Stiffeners [Seite 450]
13.6.3 - 9.6.3 Meshing [Seite 451]
13.6.4 - 9.6.4 Constraints [Seite 455]
13.6.5 - 9.6.5 Loading [Seite 457]
13.6.6 - 9.6.6 Members: Deciding Member-Stump-Length [Seite 461]
13.6.7 - 9.6.7 Compatibility Issues [Seite 462]
13.7 - 9.7 Multiple Constituents Finite Element Models (MCOFEM) [Seite 463]
13.7.1 - 9.7.1 Goal and Use [Seite 463]
13.7.2 - 9.7.2 Mesh Compatibility Between Constituents and Connector Elements [Seite 464]
13.7.3 - 9.7.3 Saturated Internal Bolt Layouts and Contact Non-Linearity [Seite 465]
13.7.4 - 9.7.4 Constraints [Seite 466]
13.7.5 - 9.7.5 Stabilizing Springs and Buckling of Members [Seite 466]
13.7.6 - 9.7.6 Need for Rechecks [Seite 467]
13.8 - 9.8 A Path for Hybrid Approach [Seite 467]
13.9 - References [Seite 468]
14 - Chapter 10 Analysis: Pure FEM Approach [Seite 469]
14.1 - 10.1 Losing the Subconnector Organization [Seite 469]
14.2 - 10.2 Finite Elements for Welds [Seite 473]
14.2.1 - 10.2.1 Introduction [Seite 473]
14.2.2 - 10.2.2 Penetration Welds [Seite 475]
14.2.3 - 10.2.3 Fillet Welds [Seite 478]
14.3 - 10.3 Finite Elements for Bolts [Seite 481]
14.3.1 - 10.3.1 Introduction [Seite 481]
14.3.2 - 10.3.2 Bolts in Bearing: No Explicit Bolt-Hole Modeling [Seite 482]
14.3.3 - 10.3.3 Bolts in Bearing: Explicit Bolt-Hole Modeling [Seite 483]
14.3.4 - 10.3.4 Preloaded Bolts: No Explicit Bolt-Hole Modeling [Seite 486]
14.3.5 - 10.3.5 Preloaded Bolts: Explicit Bolt-Hole Modeling [Seite 486]
14.3.6 - 10.3.6 Effect of the Bending Moments in Bolt Shafts [Seite 487]
14.3.7 - 10.3.7 Example: A Bolted Splice Joint Using PFEM [Seite 487]
14.4 - 10.4 Loads [Seite 496]
14.4.1 - 10.4.1 PFEM [Seite 496]
14.4.2 - 10.4.2 MCOFEM [Seite 497]
14.5 - 10.5 Constraints [Seite 498]
14.5.1 - 10.5.1 PFEM [Seite 498]
14.5.2 - 10.5.2 MCOFEM [Seite 498]
14.6 - 10.6 Checking of Welds and Bolts [Seite 498]
14.7 - 10.7 Checking of Components [Seite 499]
14.8 - 10.8 Stiffness Evaluation [Seite 500]
14.9 - 10.9 Analysis Strategies [Seite 502]
14.10 - Reference [Seite 502]
15 - Chapter 11 Conclusions and Future Developments [Seite 503]
15.1 - 11.1 Conclusions [Seite 503]
15.2 - 11.2 Final Acknowledgments [Seite 504]
15.2.1 - 11.2.1 Reasons of This Project [Seite 504]
15.3 - 11.3 Future Developments [Seite 505]
15.4 - References [Seite 506]
16 - Appendix 1 Conventions and Recalls [Seite 507]
16.1 - A1.1 Recalls of Matrix Algebra, Notation [Seite 507]
16.2 - A1.2 Cross-Sections [Seite 508]
16.3 - A1.3 Orientation Matrix [Seite 510]
16.4 - A1.4 Change of Reference System [Seite 511]
16.5 - A1.5 Pseudocode Symbol Meaning [Seite 511]
17 - Appendix 2 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of Fillet-Welds [Seite 513]
17.1 - A2.1 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of a Weld Segment [Seite 513]
17.2 - A2.2 Modifications for Weld Segments Using Contact [Seite 517]
17.3 - A2.3 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of a Weld Layout for the Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method [Seite 518]
18 - Appendix 3 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of Bolts in Shear [Seite 521]
18.1 - A3.1 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of a Bolt [Seite 521]
18.2 - A3.2 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of a Bolt Layout for the Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method [Seite 523]
19 - Index [Seite 531]
20 - Symbols and Abbreviations [Seite 525]
20.1 - Greek Letters [Seite 527]
20.2 - Subscripts [Seite 528]
