Approaching Humankind

1 - Title Page [Seite 3]
2 - Copyright [Seite 4]
3 - Table of Contents [Seite 5]
4 - Body [Seite 7]
5 - Preface [Seite 7]
6 - Jörn Rüsen: Introduction: Enquiring about Mankind [Seite 9]
7 - I. Foundations [Seite 21]
8 - Gerald Hüther: Neurobiological Approaches to a Better Understanding of Human Nature and Human Values [Seite 23]
8.1 - 1. The Unique Plasticity of the Human Brain [Seite 23]
8.2 - 2. Stress and the Experience-dependent Organization of Neuronal Connectivity [Seite 24]
8.3 - 3. The Influence of Early Affectional Relationships on Brain Development and Behavior [Seite 29]
8.4 - 4. A Neurobiological View on the Prerequisites for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence [Seite 31]
8.5 - Summary [Seite 34]
8.6 - References [Seite 35]
9 - Christoph Antweiler: Pan-cultural Universals - a Foundation for an Inclusive Humanism [Seite 37]
9.1 - Universals and the Project of a New Humanism [Seite 38]
9.1.1 - 1. Pan-cultural Patterns vs. `Human Nature' [Seite 39]
9.1.2 - 2. Diachronic Universals and Developmental Universals [Seite 42]
9.1.3 - 3. The Family of Man: the Problematic Nature of Normative Humanism Exemplified by Popular Concepts of Humanity [Seite 47]
9.1.4 - 4. Methods of an Empirical Search for Universals: Comparison between Species and Intercultural Comparison [Seite 51]
9.1.5 - 5. The Causes of Universals: Evolution. and Much More! [Seite 54]
9.1.6 - 6. Towards a Realistic Theory of Culture: Universals within the Context of Intra- and Intercultural Diversity [Seite 55]
9.1.7 - 7. Pancultural Structures in World Views Relevant for Humanism [Seite 60]
9.2 - Summary: a Universalizing Approach vs. Relativism and Absolutism [Seite 66]
10 - Georg W. Oesterdiekhoff: Man on the Way Towards Intellectual Growth and Humanity - Anthropological Foundations of History and Social Change [Seite 69]
10.1 - Introduction [Seite 69]
10.2 - Developmental Psychology and Piagetian Cross-Cultural Psychology [Seite 70]
10.3 - Logical and Abstract Thinking [Seite 74]
10.4 - Rationality and Superstition [Seite 76]
10.5 - Ordeals and Oracles [Seite 77]
10.6 - Magic [Seite 78]
10.7 - Religion [Seite 80]
10.8 - History of Philosophy and Sciences [Seite 82]
10.9 - The Rise of Industrial Society [Seite 83]
10.10 - The Historical Development of Morals [Seite 85]
10.11 - Freedom and Democracy, Slavery and Dictatorship [Seite 88]
10.12 - Conclusions [Seite 90]
11 - II. Cultural Manifestations [Seite 93]
12 - Hubert Cancik: Europe - Antiquity - Humanism [Seite 95]
12.1 - 1. Orientation [Seite 95]
12.2 - 2. Europe [Seite 96]
12.2.1 - 2.1. Myth-History [Seite 96]
12.2.2 - 2.2. The Space [Seite 97]
12.2.3 - 2.3. The Empire [Seite 97]
12.3 - 3. Antiquity [Seite 99]
12.3.1 - 3.1. The Epoch and the Model [Seite 99]
12.3.2 - 3.2. Contradictions [Seite 101]
12.4 - 4. Tradition - Reception - Renaissance [Seite 102]
12.4.1 - 4.1. Italy [Seite 102]
12.4.2 - 4.2. Byzantium and Slavonic Culture [Seite 105]
12.4.3 - 4.3. Arabian-Islamic Culture [Seite 106]
12.5 - 5. Humanity [Seite 108]
12.5.1 - 5.1. The Human Condition [Seite 108]
12.5.2 - 5.2. Humanitas - "Cultivation and Compassion" [Seite 110]
12.5.3 - 5.3. Philanthropy [Seite 111]
12.6 - 6. Humanismus [Seite 112]
12.6.1 - 6.1. The Pedagogical and Political Definition of the Term [Seite 112]
12.6.2 - 6.2. Humanism with an Adjective [Seite 114]
12.6.3 - 6.3. Theory and Practice [Seite 115]
12.7 - 7. 10th December - Human Rights Day [Seite 117]
13 - Heiner Roetz: Confucian Humanism [Seite 119]
14 - Umesh C. Chattopadhyaya: Indian Humanism [Seite 139]
14.1 - 1. Introduction [Seite 139]
14.2 - 2. Humanistic Ideas in India [Seite 140]
14.2.1 - 2.1 Understanding India [Seite 140]
14.2.2 - 2.2 Facets of Indian Humanism [Seite 143]
14.2.2.1 - 2.2.1 The Pre-Modern India [Seite 145]
14.2.2.2 - 2.2.2 The Colonial Period: Modernization of India and Modern Indian Humanism [Seite 149]
14.2.2.3 - 2.2.3 The Post-Independence Scenario [Seite 155]
14.3 - 3. Conclusions [Seite 158]
15 - Jörn Rüsen: Classical Humanism - a Historical Survey [Seite 161]
15.1 - 1. What is "Classical Humanism"? [Seite 161]
15.2 - 2. Anthropological Premises [Seite 164]
15.3 - 3. Historical Change [Seite 166]
15.4 - 4. Archaic Societies [Seite 167]
15.5 - 5. Cultural Change in Axial Times [Seite 168]
15.6 - 6. Steps towards Modernity [Seite 170]
15.7 - 7. The Humanization of Mankind in Modern European History [Seite 171]
15.7.1 - a) Secularization [Seite 172]
15.7.2 - b) Universalization [Seite 173]
15.7.3 - c) Naturalization [Seite 174]
15.7.4 - d) Idealization [Seite 176]
15.7.5 - e) Historicity [Seite 177]
15.7.6 - f) Individualization [Seite 179]
15.8 - 8. Steps towards the Future [Seite 181]
16 - Oliver Kozlarek: Man and World in Latin American Humanism [Seite 185]
16.1 - 1. Humanism and Politics [Seite 186]
16.2 - 2. The Ambivalence of Enlightenment [Seite 188]
16.3 - 3. The Long Road to Independence [Seite 189]
16.4 - 4. Humanism as a Critique of Positivism [Seite 189]
16.5 - 5. Humanism after the Second World War [Seite 194]
16.6 - 6. Perspectives: What We Can Learn from Latin American Humanism [Seite 196]
17 - III. Current Issues [Seite 199]
18 - Günter Dux: Humanism and Its Interpretation in Secular Modernity - The Responsibility of Politics for Enabling a Humane Form of Life [Seite 201]
18.1 - 1. Humanism as a Postulate of Political Ethics [Seite 201]
18.2 - 2. The Historical Turning Point [Seite 202]
18.3 - 3. The Secular Understanding of Human Life Forms as Spiritual Forms of Life [Seite 204]
18.4 - 4. The Part of History in the Historical-Genetic Understanding of Modernity [Seite 205]
18.4.1 - 1. Historical Sequence of Developmental Stages [Seite 205]
18.4.2 - 2. The Logic of the Developmental Stages [Seite 206]
18.4.3 - 3. The Intrinsic Logic of the Development of Cognition [Seite 206]
18.5 - 5. The Transparency of History [Seite 208]
18.6 - 6. Humanness as a Problem in a Secularized World [Seite 210]
18.6.1 - 1. The Historicity of Life Forms as Part of conditio humana [Seite 210]
18.6.1.1 - 1.1. Self-Determination [Seite 211]
18.7 - 7. Humanism as a Problem in a Market-driven Society [Seite 212]
18.8 - Conclusion [Seite 214]
19 - Ilse Lenz: Differences of Humanity from the Perspective of Gender Research [Seite 217]
19.1 - Equality and Difference in International Gender Regimes and in Transnational Feminist Networks [Seite 219]
19.2 - Equality and Difference in the Perspective of Gender Research [Seite 222]
19.3 - Postcolonial Feminist Critique [Seite 224]
19.4 - The Perspective of Intersectionality [Seite 225]
19.5 - Inequality and Gender Conflicts [Seite 226]
19.6 - Reflective Universalism [Seite 230]
20 - Jürgen Straub: Personal Identity: A Concept in Humanist Tradition? [Seite 233]
20.1 - Humanism and the Question of Psychological Identity [Seite 233]
20.2 - Identity: Heterogeneous Meanings, First Determinations [Seite 240]
20.3 - The Historical, Cultural and Social Context [Seite 242]
20.4 - Theory of Identity: Basic Differences [Seite 243]
20.5 - Identity and Autonomy [Seite 244]
20.6 - The Triadic Pragma-semantics of Identity, Totality, Multiplicity (Diffusion, Dissociation, Fragmentation) [Seite 245]
20.7 - Continuity, Consistency, Coherence [Seite 247]
20.8 - Final Remarks [Seite 250]
21 - Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer: Chances for a Global Humanism in the Conflict of Cultures [Seite 251]
21.1 - Preliminary Remarks [Seite 251]
21.2 - Man at the Centre [Seite 252]
21.3 - Humanism: More than a Period-term [Seite 254]
21.4 - Doubt and the Disappointment of War [Seite 256]
21.5 - The New Humanism in Posttraditional Societies [Seite 257]
21.6 - The Individual and its World [Seite 258]
21.7 - Four Preconditions for Humanism as a Guiding Concept [Seite 259]
21.8 - Humanism in Functional Terms [Seite 262]
21.9 - The Obstinacy of Cultures [Seite 263]
21.10 - The Clash of Cultures and the Demographic Factor [Seite 265]
22 - Notes on Contributors [Seite 267]
22.1 - Prof. Dr. phil., Dipl. geol. Christoph Antweiler [Seite 267]
22.2 - Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hubert Cancik [Seite 267]
22.3 - Prof. Dr. Umesh Chattopadhyaya (Ph.D., Cantab.) [Seite 268]
22.4 - Prof. Dr. Günter Dux [Seite 268]
22.5 - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr. med. habil. Gerald Hüther [Seite 268]
22.6 - Prof. Dr. Oliver Kozlarek [Seite 269]
22.7 - Prof. Dr. Ilse Lenz [Seite 269]
22.8 - PD Dr. Dr. Georg W. Oesterdiekhoff [Seite 270]
22.9 - Prof. Dr. Heiner Roetz [Seite 270]
22.10 - Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Jörn Rüsen [Seite 270]
22.11 - Prof. Dr. Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer [Seite 271]
22.12 - Prof. Dr. phil. Jürgen Straub [Seite 271]
23 - Bibliography [Seite 273]