This book offers a comparative and interdisciplinary approach to excitation-contraction-coupling in smooth and striated mus cles, including the myocardium. It is an account of the path ways and mechanisms by which cellular calcium is handled and activates the contractile proteins. It also describes how these mechanisms are adapted in various kinds of muscle to meet specific functional requirements, such as speed or economy. This monograph then presents facts, ideas and theories and the evidence on which they are based, and ifit stimulates others and furthers research, it will have served its purpose. All of the chapters are self-contained and may be read in any order, but readers unfamiliar with muscle are recommended to start with the introductory chapter on excitation and contraction. During all the years of writing this book, I received enormous help from Isolde Berger who corrected, edited and transformed my innumerable notes and drafts into a readable manuscript; she also compiled the list of references and the Subject Index. I owe a great debt of gratitude to her and also to Claudia Zeugner, who prepared the figures with expertise and care. Then I would like to thank the Deutsche F orschungs gemeinschaft and the Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung for supporting the work of my Department which has been reported in this monograph. A great many people contributed with helpful discussions.
Reihe
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Illustrationen
63 s/w Abbildungen
XVI, 300 p. 63 illus.
Dateigröße
ISBN-13
978-3-642-96981-2 (9783642969812)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-96981-2
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Muscle Excitation and Contraction.- 1.1 Muscle Excitation.- 1.2 Electromechanical Coupling.- 1.3 The Contractile Process.- 1.4 Summary.- 2. The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: Storage and Release of Calcium.- 2.1 Inward Spread of Excitation in the Transverse System (T-System).- 2.2 Calcium Release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR).- 2.3 Calcium Reuptake by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- 2.4 Summary.- 3. The Dependence of Muscle Contraction and Relaxation on the Intracellular Concentration of Free Calcium Ions.- 3.1 Crustacean Muscle.- 3.2 Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle.- 3.3 Summary.- 4. Troponin, the On-Off Switch of Muscle Contraction in Striated Muscle.- 4.1 Structure and Function of Troponin.- 4.2 Alterations of Thin Filaments Trigger Contraction.- 4.3 Ancillary Calcium-Binding Proteins: Calmodulin and Parvalbumin.- 4.4 Summary.- 5. Diversity of Fast and Slow Striated Muscle.- 5.1 Vertebrate Tonic Muscle Fibres.- 5.2 Comparison of Mammalian Fast- and Slow-Twitch Fibres.- 5.3 Diversity of Crustacean Muscles.- 5.4 Insect Flight Muscle.- 5.5 Obliquely Striated Muscle of Annelids and Nematodes.- 5.6 Summary and Conclusion.- 6. Myosin-Linked Regulation of Molluscan Muscle.- 6.1 Calcium Regulation in the Striated Adductor of the Scallop.- 6.2 Catch Muscles.- 6.3 Summary.- 7. The Vertebrate Heart: Modulation of Calcium Control.- 7.1 Calcium-Transport Mechanisms.- 7.2 Calcium Movements as the Link Between Excitation and Contraction.- 7.3 Myoplasmic Free Calcium, a Major Determinant of Contractility.- 7.4 Alteration of Contractility by Changes in Calcium Responsiveness of Myofilaments.- 7.5 Summary.- 8. Vertebrate Smooth Muscle.- 8.1 Contractile Mechanism.- 8.2 Calcium Activation of the Contractile Apparatus.- 8.3 Regulation of the Intracellular Calcium Ion Concentration.- 8.4 Modulation of Calcium Activation by Cyclic Nucleotides.- 8.5 Summary and Conclusions.- 9. Principles of Calcium Signalling in Muscle.- 9.1 Senders of Calcium Signals.- 9.2. Transmission of Calcium Signals.- 9.3 Diversity of Calcium-Signal Receivers.- 9.4 Feedback Signals and Servoloops.- 10. Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects.- References.
