Word Power: Phrasal Verbs and Compounds

5.8 Key to 'Expand and test your knowledge of 'down'' (S. 118-119)

2 Fill in the phrasal verb and paraphrase/explain their meanings.

1 go down (imposed by the people on top, it was not accepted well by the people 'down') - 2 voted down (the suggestion was brought up but it went 'down' since it was not accepted) - 3 run down (from an erect position the person was lying flat) - 4 cut down (decrease its production) - 5 get down to work - 6 slow down - 7 worn down (<, wear), tired, exhausted - 8 clamping down on - 9 spiral down - 10 scale down/lower - 11 step down - 12 run down/ be low - 13 track down

3 Paraphrase the meaning of the following or show through collocations that you understand them.

1 to eat quickly and greedily (the way wolves or dogs do), food goes down from the mouth to the stomach - 2 to take down/write down sth quickly, hastily (writing is an activity from higher up (thinking, hearing) to lower, down on paper) -

3 to take, pull down a building, a picture, a statue (from vertical to (more) horizontal, flat, a heap of rubble - 4 (after a lot of exciting, nervous wandering) start living a quiet, calm life in a fixed place, fig. settle down to: start an activity giving full attention to it - 5 to talk loudly and so much that the other(s) have to stop talking - 6 to make one less excited or frustrated (from a 'high'/intense state or activity to a low(er) one) - 7 to heat an object until it becomes liquid (usually of metals) - 8 to defeat (majority against minority) a proposal, a motion - 9 to try to make sth (an incident) look less important than it is - 10 to reduce sth in numbers or size (the workforce in a factory), cf. slim: not fat, thin, to slim: to lose weight, also fig.: there is still a slim (small) hope - 11 to lower to the right level (the wages, incomes of the rich to those of the poor) - 12 to fasten by hitting nails with a hammer - 13 an object (on the floor), to write down an idea, a suggestion, to kill an animal, a plane (to land on the runway), a person (make him look stupid, silly), a sum of money (paying part of the cost of an object when buying it), to suppress a rebellion - 14 to take off, to remove all clothing, all parts of a machine - 15 to move downwards with a continuous winding curve (inflation, a plane) 4 Fill in the verbs that go with the following collocations and explain/justify the use of 'down'. 1 prune down/back - 2 run down - 3 bring down - 4 tie down - 5 close down - 6 vote down - 7 to shoot down - 8 (can) break down - 9 crash down 5 Give a near-synonym of the following. 1 to scribble down/put down - 2 to gobble down - 3 to reduce sth in numbers or size (the workforce in a factory), cf. to slim: to get thinner - 4 to tie down/up - 5 to touch down - 6 to push down - 7 to come down on sb - 8 to get down to (business, work)