Modeling in Membranes and Membrane-Based Processes

Name: Modeling in Membranes and Membrane-Based Processes
Brand: Wiley
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Anirban Roy Siddhartha Moulik Reddi Kamesh Aditi Mullick(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 24. März 2020

416 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgement
Chapter 1 Introduction: Modeling and Simulation for Membrane Processes
References
Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of Casting Solution in Membrane Synthesis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Liquid Mixture Theories
2.2.1 Theories of Lattices
2.2.1.1 The Flory-Huggins Theory
2.2.1.2 The Equation of State Theory
2.2.1.3 The Gas-Lattice Theory
2.2.2 Non-Lattice Theories
2.2.2.1 The Strong Interaction Model
2.2.2.2 The Heat of Mixing Approach
2.2.2.3 The Solubility Parameter Approach
2.2.3 The Flory-Huggins Model
2.3 Solubility Parameter and Its Application
2.3.1 Scatchard-Hildebrand Theory
2.3.1.1 The Regular Solution Model
2.3.1.2 Application of Hildebrand Equation to Regular Solutions
2.3.2 Solubility Scales
2.3.3 Role of Molecular Interactions
2.3.3.1 Types of Intermolecular Forces
2.3.4 Intermolecular Forces: Effect on Solubility
2.3.5 Interrelation Between Heat of Vaporization and Solubility Parameter
2.3.6 Measuring Units of Solubility Parameter
2.4 Dilute Solution Viscometry
2.4.1 Types of Viscosities
2.4.2 Viscosity Determination and Analysis
2.5 Ternary Composition Triangle
2.5.1 Typical Ternary Phase Diagram
2.5.2 Binodal Line
2.5.2.1 Non-Solvent/Solvent Interaction
2.5.2.2 Non-Solvent/Polymer Interaction
2.5.2.3 Solvent/Polymer Interaction
2.5.3 Spinodal Line
2.5.4 Critical Point
2.5.5 Thermodynamic Boundaries and Phase Diagram
2.6 Conclusion
2.7 Acknowledgment
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
Greek Symbols
References
Chapter 3 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling in Membrane-Based Desalination Technologies
3.1 Desalination Technologies and Modeling Tools
3.1.1 Desalination Technologies
3.1.2 Tools in Desalination Processes Modeling
3.1.3 CFD Modeling Tool in Desalination Processes
3.2 General Principles of CFD Modeling in Desalination Processes
3.2.1 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Technology
3.2.2 Forward Osmosis (FO) Technology
3.2.3 Membrane Distillation (MD) Technology
3.2.4 Electrodialysis and Electrodialysis Reversal (ED/EDR) Technologies
3.3 Application of CFD Modeling in Desalination
3.3.1 Applications in Reverse Osmosis (RO) Technology
3.3.2 Applications in Forward Osmosis (FO) Technology
3.3.3 Applications in Membrane Distillation (MD) Technology
3.3.4 Applications in Electrodialysis and Electrodialysis Reversal (ED/EDR) Technologies
3.4 Commercial Software Used in Desalination Process Modeling
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Role of Thermodynamics and Membrane Separations in Water-Energy Nexus
4.1 Introduction: 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics
4.2 Thermodynamic Properties
4.2.1 Measured Properties
4.2.2 Fundamental Properties
4.2.3 Derived Properties
4.2.4 Gibbs Energy
4.2.5 1st and 2nd Law for Open Systems
4.3 Minimum Energy of Separation Calculation: A Thermodynamic Approach
4.3.1 Non-Idealities in Electrolyte Solutions
4.3.2 Solution Thermodynamics
4.3.2.1 Solvent
4.3.2.2 Solute
4.3.2.3 Electrolyte
4.3.3 Models for Evaluating Properties
4.3.3.1 Evaluation of Activity Coefficients Using Electrolyte Models
4.3.4 Generalized Least Work of Separation
4.3.4.1 Derivation
4.4 Desalination and Related Energetics
4.4.1 Evaporation Techniques
4.4.2 Membrane-Based New Technologies
4.5 Forward Osmosis for Water Treatment: Thermodynamic Modelling
4.5.1 Osmotic Processes
4.5.1.1 Osmosis
4.5.1.2 Draw Solutions
4.5.2 Concentration Polarization in Osmotic Process
4.5.2.1 External Concentration Polarization
4.5.2.2 Internal Concentration Polarization
4.5.3 Forward Osmosis Membranes
4.5.4 Modern Applications of Forward Osmosis
4.5.4.1 Wastewater Treatment and Water Purification
4.5.4.2 Concentrating Dilute Industrial Wastewater
4.5.4.3 Concentration of Landfill Leachate
4.5.4.4 Concentrating Sludge Liquids
4.5.4.5 Hydration Bags
4.5.4.6 Water Reuse in Space Missions
4.6 Pressure Retarded Osmosis for Power Generation: A Thermodynamic Analysis
4.6.1 What Is Pressure Retarded Osmosis?
4.6.2 Pressure Retarded Osmosis for Power Generation
4.6.3 Mixing Thermodynamics
4.6.3.1 Gibbs Energy of Solutions
4.6.3.2 Gibbs Free Energy of Mixing
4.6.4 Thermodynamics of Pressure Retarded Osmosis
4.6.5 Role of Membranes in Pressure Retarded Osmosis
4.6.6 Future Prospects of Pressure Retarded Osmosis
4.7 Conclusion
4.8 Acknowledgment
Nomenclature
1. Roman Symbols
2. Greek Symbols
3. Subscripts
4. Superscripts
5. Acronyms
References
Chapter 5 Modeling and Simulation for Membrane Gas Separation Processes
Abbreviations
Nomenclatures
Subscripts
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Industrial Applications of Membrane Gas Separation
5.2.1 Air Separation or Production of Oxygen and Nitrogen
5.2.2 Hydrogen Recovery
5.2.3 Carbon Dioxide Removal from Natural Gas and Syn Gas Purification
5.3 Modeling in Membrane Gas Separation Processes
5.3.1 Mathematical Modeling for Membrane Separation of a Gas Mixture
5.3.2 Modeling in Acid Gas Separation
5.4 Process Simulation
5.4.1 Gas Treatment Modeling in Aspen HYSYS
5.5 Modeling of Gas Separation by Hollow-Fiber Membranes
5.6 CFD Simulation
5.6.1 Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors (HFMCs)
5.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Gas Transport through Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs): Fundamentals and Modeling
6.1 History of Membrane Technology
6.2 Separation Mechanisms for Gases through Membranes
6.3 Overview of Mixed Matrix Membranes
6.3.1 Material and Synthesis of Mixed Matrix Membrane
6.3.2 Performance Analysis of Mixed Matrix Membranes
6.4 MMMs Performance Prediction Models
6.4.1 New Approaches for Performance Prediction of MMMs
6.5 Future Trends and Conclusions
6.6 Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 7 Application of Molecular Dynamics Simulation to Study the Transport Properties of Carbon Nanotubes-Based Membranes
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
7.3 CNTs Membranes
7.4 MD Simulations of CNTs and CNTs Membranes
7.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Modeling of Sorption Behaviour of Ethylene Glycol-Water Mixture Using Flory-Huggins Theory
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Method
8.2.1 Chemicals
8.2.2 Preparation and Cross-Linking of Membrane
8.2.3 Determination of Membrane Density
8.2.4 Sorption of Pure Ethylene Glycol and Water in the Membrane
8.2.5 Sorption of Binary Solution in the Membrane
8.2.6 Model for Pure Solvent in PVA/PES Membrane Using F-H Equation
8.2.7 Model for Binary EG-Water Sorption Using F-H Equation
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 Sorption in the PVA-PES Membrane
8.3.2 Determination of F-H Parameters Between Water and Ethylene Glycol (Xw-EG)
8.3.3 Determination of F-H Parameters for Solvent and Membrane (?wm and ?EGm)
8.3.4 Modeling of Sorption Behaviour Using F-H Parameters
8.4 Conclusions
Nomenclature
Greek Letters
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 9 Artificial Intelligence Model for Forecasting of Membrane Fouling in Wastewater Treatment by Membrane Technology
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Membrane Filtration in Wastewater Treatment
9.1.2 Membrane Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors and its Control
9.1.3 Models for Membrane Fouling Control
9.1.4 Objectives of the Study
9.2 Materials and Methods
9.2.1 AO-MBR System
9.2.2 The AI Modeling in this Study
9.2.3 Analysis Methods
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.3.1 Membrane Fouling Prediction Based on AI Model
9.3.2 Discussion on Using AI Model to Predict Membrane Fouling
9.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 10 Membrane Technology: Transport Models and Application in Desalination Process
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Historical Background
10.3 Theoretical Background and Transport Models
10.3.1 Classical Solution Diffusion Model
10.3.2 Extended Solution-Diffusion Model
10.3.3 Modified Solution-Diffusion-Convection Model
10.3.4 Pore Flow Model (PFM)
10.3.5 Electrolyte Transport and Electrokinetic Models
10.3.6 Kedem-Katchalsky Model - An Irreversible Thermodynamics Model
10.3.7 Spiegler-Kedem Model
10.3.8 Mixed-Matrix Membrane Models
10.3.9 Thin Film Composite Membrane Transport Models
10.3.10 Membrane Distillation
10.4 Limitations of Current Membrane Technology
10.4.1 External Concentration Polarisation
10.4.2 Internal Concentration Polarisation
10.4.3 External Concentration Polarisation Due to Membrane Biofouling
10.5 Recent Advances of Membrane Technology in RO, FO, and PRO
10.5.1 Hybrids
10.5.2 Other Membrane Desalination Technologies
10.5.2.1 Membrane Distillation
10.5.2.2 Reverse Electrodialysis (RED)
10.6 Techno-Economical Analysis
10.7 Conclusion
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
Greek Symbols
Suffix
References
Index
EULA

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