Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids

PrefaceList of main symbols 1. Introduction 1.1. Importance of adsorption 1.2. Historical aspects 1.3. IUPAC definitions and terminology 1.4. Physisorption and chemisorption 1.5. Physisorption isotherms 1.6. Energetics of physisorption and molecular modelling 1.7. Diffusion of adsorbed molecules 2. Thermodynamics of adsorption at the gas-solid interface 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Quantitative expression of adsorption 2.3. Thermodynamic potentials of adsorption 2.4. Thermodynamic quantities related to the adsorbed states in the Gibbs representation 2.5. Thermodynamic quantities related to the adsorption process 2.6. Indirect derivation of the adsorption quantities of adsorption from of a series of Experimental physisorption isotherms : the isosteric method 2.7. Derivation of the adsorption quantities from calorimetric data 2.8. Other methods for the determination of differential enthalpies of gas adsorption 2.9. State equations for high pressure: single gas and mixtures 3. Methodology of gas adsorption 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Determination of the surface excess amount (and amount adsorbed) 3.3. Gas adsorption calorimetry 3.4. Adsorbent outgassing 3.5. Presentation of experimental data 4. Adsorption at the liquid-solid interface 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Energetics of immersion in pure liquid 4.3. Adsorption from liquid solution 5. The interpretation of physisorption isotherms at the gas-solid interface: the classical approach 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Adsorption of a pure gas 5.3. Adsorption of a gas mixture 6. Molecular simulation and modelling of physisorption in porous solids 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Microscopic description of the porous solids 6.3. Intermolecular potential function 6.4. Characterization computational tools 6.5. Modeling of adsorption in porous solids 6.6. Modeling of diffusion in porous solids. 6.7. Conclusions and future challenges 7. Assessment of surface area 7.1. Introduction 7.2. The BET method 7.3. Empirical methods of isotherm analysis 7.4. The fractal approach 7.5. Conclusions and recommendations 8. Assessment of mesoporosity 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Mesopore volume, porosity and mean pore size 8.3. Capillary condensation and the Kelvin equation 8.4. 'Classical' computation of the mesopore size distribution 8.5. DFT computation of the mesopore size distribution 8.6. Hysteresis loops 8.7. Conclusions and recommendations 9. Assessment of microporosity 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Gas physisorption isotherm analysis 9.3. Microcalorimetric methods 9.4. Conclusions and recommendations 10. Adsorption by active carbons 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Active carbons: preparation, properties and applications 10.3. Physisorption of gases by non-porous carbons 10.4. Physisorption of gases by porous carbons 10.5. Adsorption at the carbon-liquid interface 10.6. Low pressure hysteresis and adsorbent deformation 10.7. Characterization of active carbons: conclusions and recommendations 11. Adsorption by metal oxides 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Silica 11.3. Alumina 11.4. Titanium dioxide 11.5. Magnesium oxide 11.6. Other oxides: chromium, iron, zinc, zirconium, beryllium and uranium 11.7. Applications of adsorbent properties of metal oxides 12. Adsorption by clays, pillared clays, zeolites and aluminophosphates 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Structure, morphology and adsorbent properties of layer silicates 12.3. Pillared clays - structures and properties 12.4. Zeolites - synthesis, pore structures and molecular sieve properties 12.5.