" <- An electronic thesaurus derived from the version of Roget's Thesaurus published in 1911.
This thesaurus has been prepared by MICRA, Inc. (May 1991).
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MICRA, Inc. makes no representation that the original 1911 printed work on which this is based is now in the public domain in any particular country. However, MICRA, Inc. makes no proprietary claims regarding this electronic version of the 1911 thesaurus. If the 1911 work is currently public domain, this electronic version can also be treated as public domain.
If any commercial use is made of this work prior to January 1, 1993, it is suggested that an appropriate donation be made to MICRA, Inc. to assist in preparing other such texts which may be useful.
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Note that this version of Thesaurus-1911 has been supplemented with over 1,000 words not present in the original 1911 edition, but many modern words are still missing. About 1500 verbs (out of 6500) which can be found in an 80,000-word spell-checker are absent from this work. The deficiency of nouns is probably much worse, especially on technical topics. Of 40,000 unique words contained in the original text, 12,000 are not recognized by a spell-checker. Most of these are foreign words (primarily Latin), and many are obsolete. In this version, these words are marked as such by comments in square brackets. Although this version has been proof-read, there are doubtless numerous residual transcription errors, some of which may be obvious even without reference to the original text. We will be grateful if any of these are brought to our attention; the corrections will appear in subsequent versions.
The original arrangement has also been modified slightly in several places, in particular by splitting one entry into two. A version of the 1911 thesaurus which is almost identical to the original (only a small number of additions to the original work) has also been prepared by MICRA, Inc., and also carries no restrictions from MICRA. Copies of that version or this one may be purchased for $40.00 from MICRA, Inc., or from the Austin Code Works, Austin Texas.
In this file, comments which are not a proper part of the thesaurus
itself are contained within arrow brackets thus: <- comment ->.
Section headings, which are not an actual part of the thesaurus proper, are included between percent (%) markers.
Occasional references to numbers starting with "@" are the embryonic beginnings of a reorganized version, mentioned below. A few comments are also included within curly brackets {}.
Last edit 12-20-91.
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The following additional differences will be noted between this version and the original edition of the printed 1911 thesaurus:
(1) the space-saving abbreviations in the original, using hyphens to represent common words, prefixes or suffixes, have been expanded into the full words or phrases.
(2) the side-by-side format for words and their opposites has been
abandoned. Words are listed in order of their entry number.
(3) each main entry (1035 entries) has a pound sign "#" in front of
the number to facilitate computerized search.
(4) Greek words and phrases are transliterated and included between
brackets in the format <gr/greek word/gr>.
(5) where italics occurred in the original, italics are used in the
Microsoft Word format file. In the plain ASCII file, this
formatting is lost.
(6) in the original book, words which were obsolete (in 1911) were
marked with a dagger. In this version, those words are marked with a
vertical bar ("|").
Some of the words which were still current in 1911, but are no longer found in a current college-size dictionary (presently obsolete words), or which are no longer used in the specific indicated sense, have been marked with a bar followed by an exclamation point "|!". However, this marking process has just commenced, and only a small portion of the words which are now obsolete have been thus marked. Most though not all of the foreign-language phrases are now obsolete. The "obsolete" notation [obs3] indicates that the previous word (or some word in the previous phrase) is not recognized by the word processor's spelling checker, and also is either NOT in a modern college-sized dictionary, or is noted there as being "ARCHAIC".
(7) the approximate location of the bottom of each page in the original
1911 printed book is indicated by a comment of the form:
<- p. 23 ->. To search for a page, note that there are two spaces
between the "p." and the page number.
(8) This file contains only the main body of the thesaurus. Neither
outline nor index are contained here. The outline with an overview
of the organization of the concepts is contained in a separate file,
"outline.doc", on the distribution disk.
This first edition of this supplemented 1911 thesaurus (June 1991) is very much less complete than the latest editions of commercial thesauri, and is probably not suitable for use as an adjunct to word-processing programs, but it has no proprietary claims attached to it by MICRA, Inc., and does not contain any material published commercially after 1911.
Future (copyrighted) versions of this thesaurus are planned, which will be reorganized in a hierarchical fashion to maximize the ability to take advantage of inheritance of semantic characteristics from higher categories. The objective is to create a database of words organized by semantic categories, suitable for use in natural-language understanding programs. This is a very small-scale project, which will not be competitive with large academic or commercial efforts such as the CYC project, but is intended to provide a convenient resource for experimentation in natural-language processing for individuals or small groups. Anyone who is currently engaged in or contemplating a similar thesaurus or dictionary project, who would be willing to collaborate on this project, is encouraged to contact us, so that unnecessary duplication of effort can be avoided. We would also appreciate being notified of typos, errors, or omissions in any version. Send inquiries or comments to:
Patrick Cassidy
MICRA Inc.
735 Belvidere Ave.
Plainfield, NJ 07062-2054
voice: (908) 668-5252
fax: (908) 668-5904
(If no one answers, please leave a message.)
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THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES
CLASS I WORDS EXPRESSING ABSTRACT RELATIONS
SECTION I. EXISTENCE
1. BEING, IN THE ABSTRACT %
#1. Existence.- N. existence, being, entity, ens[Lat], esse[Lat],
subsistence.
reality, actuality; positiveness &c. adj.; fact, matter of fact, sober
reality; truth &c. 494; actual existence.
presence &c. (existence in space) 186; coexistence &c. 120.
stubborn fact, hard fact; not a dream &c. 515; no joke.
center of life, essence, inmost nature, inner reality, vital
principle.
[Science of existence], ontology.
V. exist, be; have being &c. n.; subsist, live, breathe, stand,
obtain, be the case; occur &c. (event) 151; have place, prevail; find
oneself, pass the time, vegetate.
consist in, lie in; be comprised in, be contained in, be constituted
by.
come into existence &c. n.; arise &c. (begin) 66; come forth &c.
(appear) 446.
become &c. (be converted) 144; bring into existence &c. 161.
abide, continue, endure, last, remain, stay.
Adj. existing &c. v.; existent, under the sun; in existence &c. n.;
extant; afloat, afoot, on foot, current, prevalent; undestroyed.
real, actual, positive, absolute; true &c. 494; substantial,
substantive; self-existing, self-existent; essential.
well-founded, well-grounded; unideal[obs3], unimagined; not potential
&c. 2; authentic.
Adv. actually &c. adj.; in fact, in point of fact, in reality; indeed;
de facto, ipso facto.
Phr. ens rationis[Lat]; ergo sum cogito: "thinkest thou existence doth
depend on time?" [Lat][Byron].
#2. Inexistence.- N. inexistence[obs3]; nonexistence, nonsubsistence;
nonentity, nil; negativeness &c. adj.; nullity; nihility[obs3], nihilism;
tabula rasa[Lat], blank; abeyance; absence &c. 187; no such thing &c. 4;
nonbeing, nothingness, oblivion.
annihilation; extinction &c. (destruction) 162; extinguishment,
extirpation, Nirvana, obliteration.
V. not exist &c. 1; have no existence &c. 1; be null and void; cease
to exist &c. 1; pass away, perish; be extinct, become extinct &c. adj.; die
out; disappear &c. 449; melt away, dissolve, leave not a rack behind; go,
be no more; die &c. 360.
annihilate, render null, nullify; abrogate &c. 756; destroy &c. 162;
take away; remove &c. (displace) 185; obliterate, extirpate.
Adj. inexistent[obs3], nonexistent &c. 1; negative, blank; missing,
omitted; absent &c. 187; insubstantial, shadowy, spectral, visionary.
unreal, potential, virtual; baseless, in nubibus[Lat]; unsubstantial
&c. 4; vain.
unborn, uncreated[obs3], unbegotten, unconceived, unproduced,...
