In-situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts

CONTRIBUTORS vii
Introduction: Goals and Challenges for the In-situCharacterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts 1
José A. Rodriguez, Jonathan C. Hanson, and Peter J.Chupas
1 QEXAFS in Catalysis Research: Principles, Data Analysis,and Applications 23
Anatoly I. Frenkel, Syed Khalid, Jonathan C. Hanson, and MaartenNachtegaal
2 Spatially Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy49
Christian G. Schroer and Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
3 Energy-Dispersive EXAFS: Principles and Application inHeterogeneous Catalysis 75
Mark A. Newton and Andrew J. Dent
4 In-situ Powder X-ray Diffraction in Heterogeneous Catalysis121
Jonathan Hanson and Poul Norby
5 Pair Distribution Function Analysis of High-Energy X-rayScattering Data 147
Karena W. Chapman and Peter J. Chupas
6 Neutron Scattering for In-situ Characterization ofHeterogeneous Catalysis 169
Ashfi a Huq and Wei-Ren Chen
7 Visualization of Surface Structures of HeterogeneousCatalysts under Reaction Conditions or during Catalysis withHigh-Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 191
Luan Nguyen, Shiran Zhang, Yingchun Ye, Yuan Zhu, Lei Wang, andFranklin (Feng) Tao
8 In-situ Infrared Spectroscopy on Model Catalysts209
Kumudu Mudiyanselage and Darío J. Stacchiola
9 Infrared Spectroscopy on Powder Catalysts 241
Eli Stavitski
10 Structural Characterization of Catalysts by Operando RamanSpectroscopy 267
Gerhard Mestl and Miguel A. Bañares
11 In-situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of PowderCatalysts 293
Angelika Brückner
12 Application of Ambient-Pressure X-ray PhotoelectronSpectroscopy for the In-situ Investigation of HeterogeneousCatalytic Reactions 315
David E. Starr, Hendrik Bluhm, Zhi Liu, Axel Knop-Gericke, andMichael Hävecker
13 Combined X-ray Diffraction and Absorption Spectroscopy inCatalysis Research: Techniques and Applications 345
Anatoly I. Frenkel and Jonathan C. Hanson
14 Combining Infrared Spectroscopy with X-ray Techniques forInterrogating Heterogeneous Catalysts 369
Mark A. Newton and Marcos Fernández-García
15 XRD-Raman and Modulation Excitation Spectroscopy411
Wouter van Beek, Atsushi Urakawa, and Marco Milanesio
16 Catalyst Imaging Using Synchrotron-Based MultitechniqueApproaches 441
Andrew M. Beale, Javier Ruiz-Martinez, and Bert M.Weckhuysen
INDEX 475