Intellectual Property Law for Engineers, Scientists, and Entrepreneurs

Name: Intellectual Property Law for Engineers, Scientists, and Entrepreneurs
Brand: Wiley
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Howard B. Rockman(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

2. Auflage

Erschienen am 23. Dezember 2019

976 Seiten

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Beschreibung

Fully revised new edition that completely covers intellectual property law--and many related issues--for engineers, scientists, and entrepreneurs

This book informs engineering and science students, technology professionals, and entrepreneurs about the intellectual property laws that are important in their careers. It covers all of the major areas of intellectual property development and protection in non-legalistic terms that are understandable to technology and science professionals. New material includes a comprehensive discussion on the American Invents Act (AIA), coverage of many new high-profile topics, such as patent protection the mobile communications industry, and a new chapter on "The Future of Technology, Engineering, and Intellectual Property."

Now in its second edition, Intellectual Property Law for Engineers, Scientists, and Entrepreneurs enables inventors and creators to efficiently interface with an intellectual property attorney in order to obtain the maximum protection for their invention or creation, and to take steps to ensure that that invention or creation does not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others. It includes patent, trade secret, mask work, and cybersquatting legal and procedural principles. The book also shows readers how to properly use new vehicles of intellectual property protection for novel software, biotech, and business method inventions. Additionally, it examines trademark protection for domain names, and other ancillary matters that fall within the genre of intellectual property protection. This informative text:

* Covers all of the major areas of intellectual property development and protection in clear, layman's terms so as to be easily understood by technology and science professionals

* Provides detailed outlines of patent, trademark, copyright, and unfair competition laws

* Offers essays on famous and noteworthy inventors and their inventions--and features a copy of the first page of patents resulting from these inventors' efforts

* Covers many new high-profile cases covering patent protection within the mobile communications industry

Intellectual Property Law for Engineers, Scientists, and Entrepreneurs, Second Edition is an excellent text for graduate and undergraduate engineering students, as well as professionals and those starting a new technology business who need to know all the laws concerning their inventions and creations.

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Foreword
Foreword to the First Edition
Preface
Acknowledgments
Top Ten List of Intellectual Property Protection
Section I The Intellectual Property Universe
Eli Whitney - The Cotton Gin
Charles Babbage - The Difference Engine
Chapter 1 Overview of Intellectual Property Law
1.1 DEFINING "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY"
1.2 SPECIFIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY VEHICLES
1.2.1 Patents
1.2.2 Trademarks and Service Marks
1.2.3 Copyrights
1.2.4 Trade Secrets
1.2.5 Mask Works for Semiconductors
1.3 WHICH FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION TO USE?
Frank J. Sprague - The Electric Streetcar
Mary Anderson - Windshield Wiper Blade
Chapter 2 Brief Overview of the Law
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES
2.3 DIVINE LAWS
2.4 THE FOUR TYPES OF LAW
2.4.1 Constitutional Law
2.4.2 Statutory Law
2.4.3 Common Law
2.4.4 Business Custom
2.5 CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS
2.6 ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS
2.7 CHANGES IN THE LAW
2.8 EQUITY
2.9 U.S. COURTS, STATE AND FEDERAL
2.10 THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM
2.10.1 The Supreme Court
2.10.2 Courts of Appeals
2.10.3 District Courts
2.11 STATE COURTS
2.12 JURISDICTION
Section II Patents
Charles Goodyear - Vulcanization of Rubber
John Boyd Dunlop - Pneumatic Vehicle Tires
Chapter 3 Introduction to Patents
3.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF PATENT PROTECTION
3.1.1 Early European Patent Custom
3.1.2 The British Patent System
3.1.3 The U.S. Constitution and the Development of the Present U.S. Patent Examination System
3.1.3.1 Origin and Early Development of Patent Law in the United States
3.1.3.2 Initial U.S. Patent Laws
3.1.3.3 Inventions, Not Discoveries
3.1.3.4 Importance of Disclosure of the Invention
3.1.3.5 Present Patent Law, Rules, and Guides
3.2 TYPES OF PATENT COVERAGE
3.2.1 What Is a Patent?
3.2.2 Article or Apparatus Patents
3.2.3 Method or Process Patents
3.2.4 Design Patents
3.2.5 Plant Patents
3.2.6 New Technologies
3.3 HOW TO DETERMINE WHAT TO PATENT AND WHAT NOT TO PATENT
3.3.1 Broadly, What Can and Cannot Be Patented Under the Law
3.3.2 From a Business Standpoint, What Should Be Patented
3.4 BROADLY, WHAT DATA GOES INTO A PATENT
3.4.1 Describing the Background and Essential Elements of the Invention
3.4.2 Claiming the Invention
3.5 WHAT A PATENT IS NOT
3.6 INVENTIONS RELATING TO ATOMIC WEAPONS
3.7 THE U.S. GOVERNMENT'S RIGHT TO PRACTICE YOUR PATENTED INVENTION
George Westinghouse - Steam-Power Brake Devices and Alternating Current
Gideon Sundback - Zipper
Chapter 4 Introductory Comments on Patentable Subject Matter and Utility
4.1 WHAT CONSTITUTES PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER?
4.1.1 Categories of Patentable Subject Matter
4.1.2 The Invention Must Be Useful and Work for Its Intended Purpose
4.1.3 The Invention Must Be Novel Compared to the Prior Art
4.1.4 The Invention Must Be Non-Obvious as Compared to the Prior Art
4.1.5 The True Inventors Must Be Named
4.1.6 Brief Commentary on Notable Recent Developments Attempting to Determine Patentable Subject Matter
4.2 UTILITY - THE INVENTION MUST BE USEFUL
John Deere - Horse-Drawn Plow
Erastus Brigham Bigelow - Powered Carpet-Making Looms
Chapter 5 Novelty-The Invention Must Be New
5.1 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
5.1.1 Time Limits for Filing a Patent Application
5.1.2 Prior Art Activities of the Inventor and Others That Can Defeat Patent Rights
5.1.3 Prior Publications, U.S. and Foreign, as Prior Art
5.2 PRELIMINARY COMMENTS ON PROTECTING FOREIGN PATENT RIGHTS
5.3 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON EXPERIMENTAL USE VERSUS ACTUAL USE OF THE INVENTION
Alfred Nobel - Dynamite
Chapter 6 Requirement of Non-Obviousness for Patentability
6.1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE STANDARD OF NON-OBVIOUSNESS
6.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
6.3 SUPREME COURT CASES PREDATING THE 1952 PATENT LAW Section 103 NON-OBVIOUSNESS TEST
6.3.1 Hotchkiss v. Greenwood, Supreme Court, 1850
6.3.2 Atlantic Works v. Brady, Supreme Court, 1882
6.3.3 Goodyear Rubber and Tire Company v. Ray-O-Vac Company, Supreme Court, 1944
6.3.4 Cuno Engineering Corporation v. Automatic Devices Corporation, Supreme Court, 1941
6.3.5 The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company v. Supermarket Equipment Corporation, Supreme Court, 1950
6.4 THE 1952 PATENT STATUTE AND THE CASE OF GRAHAM V. JOHN DEERE COMPANY (1966)
6.5 THE 2007 U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE OF KSR V. TELEFLEX
6.6 ILLUSTRATIVE NON-OBVIOUSNESS ANALYSIS
Louis Pasteur - Pasteurization Process
Elisha Otis - Safety Elevator
Chapter 7 The Patenting Process
7.1 WHO MAY OBTAIN A PATENT: INVENTORSHIP AND OWNERSHIP OF PATENT RIGHTS
7.2 PROPER DOCUMENTATION OF THE INVENTION
7.2.1 Conception
7.2.2 Reduction to Practice
7.2.3 Witnesses
7.3 THE INVENTION DISCLOSURE, AND THE INVENTION DISCLOSURE MEETING
7.3.1 Preparation of a Complete Description of the Structure and Function of the Invention, How the Invention Operates, and What Advantageous Results Are Obtained by the Invention
7.3.2 Disclosing the Best Mode of the Invention
7.3.3 Dates of First Public Disclosure, If Any, and What Was Disclosed
7.3.4 Advantages of the Invention Over Known Devices/Processes
7.3.5 What Prior Art the Inventor is Aware of for Disclosure to the Patent Examiner
7.4 ADDITIONAL MATTERS DISCUSSED DURING THE INVENTION DISCLOSURE MEETING BETWEEN THE INVENTOR AND THE PATENT PROFESSIONAL
7.4.1 Confidentiality of the Meeting
7.4.2 Does the Invention Qualify for Patent Protection
7.4.3 Preliminary Novelty Inquiry
7.4.4 Determining the Date of Invention
7.4.5 Will the Invention Work as Claimed by the Inventor?
7.4.6 A Brief Comment Regarding Foreign Patent Rights
7.4.7 What the Prior Art Lacks
7.4.8 Inventor's Initial Concept of Novel Features
7.4.9 Non-Obviousness
7.4.10 Enablement
7.4.11 The Best Mode Requirement
7.5 INVENTION DISCLOSURE FORM
Alexander Graham Bell - Telephone
Chapter 8 The Patentability Search, Freedom-To-Use Search, and Other Searches
8.1 SEARCHING THE CONTENT OF THE PRIOR ART TO DETERMINE PATENTABILITY OF THE INVENTION
8.2 PATENTABILTY SEARCH PARAMETERS
8.3 ADDITIONAL TYPES OF SEARCHES
8.3.1 The Freedom-to-Use Search
8.3.2 State-of-the-Art Search
8.3.3 Right-to-Use Search
8.4 DATABASE SEARCHES
8.5 U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE PATENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Thomas Alva Edison - The Light Bulb
Chapter 9 The Patent Application
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 REGISTRATION SYSTEM EVOLVING INTO AN EXAMINATION SYSTEM
9.3 GOAL OF A PROPERLY PREPARED PATENT APPLICATION
9.4 PROVISIONAL PATENT APPLICATIONS
9.5 REGULAR, NON-PROVISIONAL PATENT APPLICATION
NO NEW MATTER
9.6 CONTENT OF A REGULAR NON-PROVISIONAL PATENT APPLICATION
9.6.1 Title of the Invention
9.6.2 Cross-Reference to Other Applications
9.6.3 Background of the Invention
9.6.3.1 Definition of the Field of the Invention
9.6.3.2 Brief Description of the Problems That Exist in the Prior Art That the Invention is Directed Toward Solving
9.6.3.3 The Results, Objectives' and Advantages of the Invention Not Achieved by the Prior Art
9.6.4 Brief Summary of the Important Elements of the Invention
9.6.5 Brief Description of the Drawings That Illustrate the Invention
9.6.6 Detailed Description of the Illustrated Embodiment of the Invention
9.6.7 Claims Distinctly and Precisely Pointing Out the Definition of the Invention
9.6.8 The Abstract
9.7 YOUR REVIEW OF THE PATENT APPLICATION
9.8 EXECUTION OF THE DECLARATION, POWER OF ATTORNEY, AND ASSIGNMENT UPON COMPLETION OF THE PATENT APPLICATION
George Eastman - Practical Photography
Emile Berliner - Disc Sound Recording
Chapter 10 Claims of a Patent Application
10.1 INTRODUCTION TO PATENT CLAIMS
10.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PATENT CLAIMS
10.2.1 Court Decisions
10.2.2 1836 Patent Law
10.3 WHAT CLAIMS ARE
10.4 YOUR REVIEW OF THE CLAIMS OF YOUR PATENT APPLICATION
10.5 DISTINGUISHING DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLAIMS
10.6 MORE ON METHOD OR PROCESS CLAIMS
10.7 COMPOSITION OF MATTER CLAIMS
10.8 DESIGN PATENT CLAIM
10.9 DEPENDENT CLAIMS
10.10 HOW TO READ AND UNDERSTAND PATENT CLAIMS DRAFTED BY YOUR PATENT ATTORNEY
10.10.1 Preamble
10.10.2 Transition Phrase
10.10.3 The Body of the Claim
10.10.3.1 Elements
10.10.3.2 Functional Relationship of the Elements
10.10.3.3 Results Should Not Be Included in the Body of a Claim
10.10.3.4 The Two Dependent Claims of the Example
Ottmar Mergenthaler - The Linotype® Hot-Type Composing Machine
Theodore Maiman and Gordon Gould - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Laser)
Chapter 11 Examination and Prosecution of a Patent Application
11.1 U.S. PATENT EXAMINATION PROCESS
11.2 THE PATENT EXAMINATION SYSTEM-A LITTLE MORE HISTORY
11.3 FILING THE PATENT APPLICATION WITH THE USPTO
11.4 EXAMINATION OF THE PATENT APPLICATION
11.5 RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION-THE "OFFICE ACTION"
11.6 YOU AND YOUR ATTORNEY'S RESPONSE TO THE OFFICE ACTION
11.7 FURTHER PATENT PROSECUTION
11.8 GRANTING THE PATENT
11.9 INFRINGEMENT DURING EXAMINATION OF THE PATENT APPLICATION
11.10 ADDITIONAL PROBABLE PATENT PROSECUTION EVENTS
11.10.1 Continuation Patent Applications and the Request for Continuing Examination
11.10.2 Continuation-in-Part Patent Applications
11.10.3 Divisional Patent Applications
11.11 RE-EXAMINATION OF AN ISSUED PATENT BY THE APPLICANT, THE INFRINGER, OR THE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS
11.12 RE-ISSUE PATENTS
Nicolaus Otto - The Internal Combustion Engine
Rudolf Diesel - The Internal Combustion Engine
Chapter 12 Design Patents
12.1 COVERAGE OF DESIGN PATENTS
12.2 THE DESIGN PATENT APPLICATION
12.3 INFRINGEMENT OF A DESIGN PATENT
12.4 IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN PATENTS
12.5 EXAMPLES OF DESIGN PATENTS
12.6 DESIGN PATENTS ON COMPUTER SCREEN ICONS
12.7 DESIGN PATENTS CONTRASTED WITH COPYRIGHTS
12.8 DAMAGES FOR DESIGN PATENT INFRINGEMENT
12.9 THE HAGUE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL DEPOSIT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS (THE HAGUE SYSTEM)
Nikola Tesla - AC Induction Motor and Radio
Clarence Birdseye - Frozen Food
Chapter 13 Protection of Computer-Related Inventions
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 THE TORTUROUS PATH THROUGH THE COURTS
13.2.1 Gottschalk v. Benson, 1972
13.2.2 Parker v. Flook, 1978
13.2.3 Diamond v. Diehr, 1981
13.2.4 Arrhythmia v. Corazonix, 1992
13.2.5 In re: Alappat, 1994
13.2.6 The 1996 USPTO Guidelines
13.2.7 The 1998 State Street Case
13.2.8 The "Mathematical Algorithm" Exception Analysis of State Street
13.3 RECENT COURT DECISIONS AND USPTO GUIDELINES ATTEMPTING TO DEFINE PATENT-ELIGIBLE SUBJECT MATTER REGARDING COMPUTER-RELATED INVENTIONS
13.3.1 Bilski v. Kappos
13.3.2 Alice Corp. Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank
13.3.3 CAFC Decisions Subsequent to Alice v. CLS Bank
13.3.4 Additional Exemplary Comments Regarding Patent-Eligible Subject Matter and Computer-Related Inventions
13.4 THE USPTO EXAMINATION PROCESS TO DETERMINE SUBJECT MATTER ELIGIBILITY OF A COMPUTER-RELATED INVENTION
13.5 RECOMMENDED STEPS TO OBTAIN PROPER PROTECTION OF COMPUTER-RELATED INVENTIONS
13.5.1 How to Prepare a Proper Patent Application Covering a Computer-Related Invention
13.5.1.1 Specification
13.5.1.2 Claims
13.5.1.3 Determination of Whether a Computer-Related Invention Defines Patent-Eligible Subject Matter Under Patent Laws
13.5.1.4 Functional Descriptive Material: "Data Structures" Representing Descriptive Material per se or Computer Programs Representing ComputerListings per se
13.5.1.5 Non-Functional Descriptive Material
13.5.1.6 Natural Phenomena Such as Electricity and Magnetism
13.6 STATUTORY SUBJECT MATTER
13.6.1 Types of Claimed Subject Matter
13.6.2 Independent Physical Acts, or Post-Computer-Process Activity
13.6.3 Manipulation of Data Representing Physical Objects or Activities
Pre-Computer-Process Activity
13.6.4 Computer-Related Processes Limited to a Practical Application in the Technological Arts
13.7 THE COMPUTER-RELATED INVENTION MUST STILL BE NOVEL AND NON-OBVIOUS
13.8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND A SUFFICIENT DISCLOSURE
13.8.1 What Constitutes an Adequate Disclosure in Computer Programming Patent Applications
13.8.1.1 Block Elements More Comprehensive Than a Computer
13.8.1.2 Block Elements Within a Computer
13.8.2 Affidavit or Declaration Practice
13.8.3 Referencing Prior Art Documents
13.9 THE PROTECTION OF SOFTWARE THROUGH CONTRACTS
13.10 PATENT ELIGIBILITY OF SOFTWARE AND COMPUTER-RELATED INVENTIONS IN EUROPE
13.10.1 Introduction
13.10.2 The EPO Examination Approach to Computer-Related Inventions
13.10.3 Acceptable Claims for Software Inventions at the EPO
13.10.4 Software and Computer-Related Inventions and Patent Eligibility in the UK
Hedy Lamarr - Spread Spectrum Technology
Herman Hollerith - Tabulating Machine
Chapter 14 Biotechnology Inventions
14.1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY
14.2 HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PATENT PROTECTION
14.3 PATENT-ELIGIBLE SUBJECT MATTER AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
14.4 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE WRITTEN DESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
14.5 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PATENT EXHAUSTION
14.6 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GOVERNMENT REGULATION
14.7 PHARMACEUTICAL PATENT STRATEGIES
14.8 MEDICAL PROCEDURES
Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins - Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNa
Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer - Recombinant-Dna (rDNA)
Chapter 15 The Patenting of Business Methods
15.1 THE EVOLUTION OF PATENTS FOR METHODS OF DOING BUSINESS
15.2 THE STATE STREET CASE
15.3 THE BILSKI CASE
15.4 WHAT IS A BUSINESS METHOD INVENTION?
15.5 THE USPTO GUIDELINES
15.6 RECOMMENDATIONS
15.7 UNDERSTANDING A SAMPLE BUSINESS METHOD PATENT CLAIM
15.8 THE COVERED BUSINESS METHOD REVIEW
Yvonne Brill - Satellite Propulsion System
Luther Burbank - Plant Breeding
Chapter 16 Foreign Patent Protection
16.1 INTRODUCTION
16.2 THE TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF OBTAINING FOREIGN PATENTS
16.3 THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
16.3.1 The Broad Provisions of the PCT
16.3.2 Options for Obtaining Foreign Patent Protection
16.3.3 The PCT, or International, Patent Application
16.3.4 The International Search Report and Opinion
16.3.5 The National Phase of the PCT
16.4 NATIONAL PATENT LAWS AND THE PCT: DIFFERENCES AND ALTERATIONS
16.5 THE EPC
16.6 THE EUROPEAN UNITARY PATENT AND UNIFIED PATENT COURT
16.7 PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN A U.S. PATENT ATTORNEY AND A FOREIGN NON-ATTORNEY PATENT AGENT
Wilbur and Orville Wright - Controlled Powered Flight
Chapter 17 Enforcement of the Patent Right
17.1 THE PATENT CLEARANCE PROCESS
17.1.1 The Freedom-to-Use Search and the Non-Infringement Opinion Letter
17.1.2 The "Right-to-Use" or "Knock-Out" Search
17.2 THE ATTEMPT TO DESIGN AROUND THE CLAIMS OF A PATENT: MOST INFRINGERS DO NOT SLAVISHLY COPY THE PATENTED INVENTION
17.3 LITERAL INFRINGEMENT OF A PATENT CLAIM
17.4 THE "DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS" WHERE THE CLAIM IS NOT LITERALLY INFRINGED
17.4.1 How the Doctrine of Equivalents Works
17.4.2 Limits on the Doctrine of Equivalents
17.5 DEFENSES TO A CHARGE OF INFRINGEMENT
17.5.1 Non-Infringement
17.5.2 Patent Invalidity
17.5.3 Unenforceability of the Patent
17.6 PENALTIES AND DAMAGES FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT
17.7 MARKING THE PATENTED PRODUCT WITH THE PATENT NUMBER
Robert Goddard - Rocket Propulsion and Control
C. Donald Bateman - Ground Proximity Warning System
Chapter 18 The America Invents Act of 2011
18.1 FIRST TO FILE AND THE DEFINITION OF "PRIOR ART"
18.2 THE NARROWED GRACE PERIOD
18.3 DISCLOSING THE BEST MODE OF THE INVENTION
18.4 PRIOR USER DEFENSE IN ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS
18.5 PATENT MARKING
18.6 FILING A PATENT APPLICATION IN THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE
18.7 PRIORITY EXAMINATION FOR IMPORTANT TECHNOLOGIES
18.8 THIRD-PARTY CHALLENGES TO PATENT RIGHTS
18.8.1 Pre-Grant Submissions
18.8.2 Post-Grant Submissions
18.8.3 Post-Grant Reviews
18.9 INTER-PARTES REVIEW OF AN ISSUED PATENT
18.10 SUPPLEMENTAL EXAMINATION
Charles Kettering - Automotive Self-Starter
Calvin Souther Fuller, Gerald Pearson and Daryl Chapin - Efficient Solar Cells
Chapter 19 Ownership and Transfer of Patent Rights
19.1 INVENTORSHIP, OWNERSHIP, AND ASSIGNMENT OF PATENT RIGHTS
19.1.1 The Patent Right as an Asset
19.1.2 Initial Ownership of the Patent Right
19.1.3 Shop Rights
19.2 PATENT LICENSING
19.2.1 The Difference Between a Patent Assignment and License
19.2.2 When To Think "License"
19.2.3 Developing an Initial Relationship with a Licensee
19.2.4 The Selection of an Appropriate Licensee
19.2.5 Primary License Negotiation and Agreement Considerations
19.2.5.1 Exclusivity Or Non-Exclusivity In The Covered Territory
19.2.5.2 Advance Against Royalties at Signing
19.2.5.3 Royalty Rate As Quid Pro Quo for the Grant of the License
19.2.5.4 To What Is the Royalty Rate Applied
19.2.5.5 Minimum Royalty Payments
19.2.5.6 Sales Goals or Minimum Production Goals
19.2.5.7 Territorial Extent of The License
19.2.6 Additional License Considerations
19.2.6.1 The Time and Form of Payment
19.2.6.2 Who Enforces the Patent Against Infringers
19.2.6.3 Defense of the Licensed Product Against a Charge of Infringement of a Third Party Patent
19.2.6.4 Term of the License
19.2.6.5 Indemnification
19.2.6.6 Acts Causing Termination of the License
19.2.6.7 Confidentiality
19.2.6.8 Grant Back Clauses
19.3 CONCLUSIONS
Philo Farnsworth - The Invention of Television
Robert Adler - Ultrasound Television Remote Control
Chapter 20 How to Read and Obtain Information from a Modern U.S. Patent
20.1 THE INFORMATION PAGE
20.2 THE DRAWINGS
20.3 THE SPECIFICATION
20.4 CLAIMS
20.5 CAVEAT
Section III Employment Contracts, Ethics and the Engineer or Scientist as an Expert Witness
Willis Haviland Carrier - Air-Conditioning
Ivan A. Getting, Roger L. Easton, Sr. and Bradford Parkinson - Global Positioning System (GPS)
Chapter 21 Employment Contracts and Non-Compete Restrictions
21.1 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT PROVISIONS RELATING TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
21.2 OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
21.2.1 Inventions
21.2.2 Copyrightable Works of Creative Authorship
21.3 CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS OR NONDISCLOSURE AGREEMENTS
21.4 OUTSIDE INFORMATION RECEIVED BY THE EMPLOYEE OR EMPLOYER
21.5 NON-COMPETE PROVISIONS
21.6 ENFORCEABILITY OF A NON-COMPETE AGREEMENT
21.7 INEVITABLE DISCLOSURE
21.8 FORM AGREEMENTS
21.9 CONSULTANTS
Grace Hopper - Cobol Computer Language
The Hubble Space Telescope
Chapter 22 The Engineer and Scientist as Expert Witness
22.1 THE ROLE OF AN EXPERT WITNESS
22.1.1 Need for Experts
22.1.2 The Standard for Admissibility of Expert Testimony-The Daubert Decision
22.1.3 Expert Assistance by Engineers and Scientists in Complex Litigation
22.1.3.1 Advice and Consultation
22.1.3.2 Trial Assistance
22.1.3.3 Opinion Testimony
22.1.4 Expert Report and Deposition
22.1.5 Deciding Whether You Can Provide the Requisite Expert Assistance
22.1.6 Expert Witness Fees
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley - The Transistor
Chapter 23 Ethics
23.1 THE PROFESSIONS
23.2 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
23.3 CODES OF ETHICS
23.4 BRIEF COMMENTS REGARDING THE NSPE CODE OF ETHICS FOR ENGINEERS
23.5 COMPARING THE LAW AND ETHICS
23.6 ETHICAL DILEMMAS
Section IV Copyrights
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce - Miniaturized Integrated Circuits
Chapter 24 Copyrights as a Vehicle for Technology Protection
24.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF COPYRIGHT LAW
24.1.1 Pre-U.S. Constitution English Law
24.1.2 U.S. Constitution and Statutes
24.2 THE NATURE OF COPYRIGHTS
24.2.1 What a Copyright Is, and Is Not
24.2.2 Intangible Rights in a Work Embodied in a Tangible Medium of Expression
24.2.3 Moral Rights
24.2.4 Protecting the Balance Between the Public and the Author
24.2.5 Requirements of Copyrightable Subject Matter
24.3 EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS OF COPYRIGHT
24.4 FAIR USE
24.5 INFRINGEMENT OF A COPYRIGHT
24.6 NOTICE
24.7 COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
24.8 THE DURATION OF INTANGIBLE RIGHTS OF COPYRIGHT
24.9 WORKS MADE FOR HIRE
24.10 COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS
24.10.1 Protecting Computer Programs That Do Not Contain Trade Secrets
24.10.2 Computer Programs Containing Trade Secrets
24.10.3 Screen Displays
24.10.4 Special Rules for Copyrighting Software
24.10.5 Patent, Copyright, and Trade Secret Protection of Computer Software
24.10.6 Contracts and "Shrink-Wrap" and "Click" Licenses
24.11 COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION FOR AUTOMATED DATABASES
24.12 COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION FOR ONLINE WORKS
24.12.1 Revisions and Updates
24.12.2 Databases
24.12.3 Serials and Newsletters
24.13 ARCHITECTURAL WORKS
24.13.1 The AWCPA
24.13.2 Avoiding Infringement of Architectural Copyrights
Federico Faggin, Marcian Hoff, and Stanley Mazor - Single-Chip CPU
Josephine Cochrane - Automatic Dishwasher
25.1 PURPOSE OF THE DMCA
25.2 THE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE DMCA
25.3 CIRCUMVENTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROTECTION MEASURES
25.3.1 General Approach
25.3.2 Exceptions to the Prohibitions
25.3.2.1 The Original Exemptions
25.3.2.2 The Triennial Exemptions to the Circumvention Prohibitions
25.3.2.3 Fair Use, Non-Infringing Uses, and Anti-Circumvention
25.4 LIMITATIONS ON COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT LIABILITY FOR ONLINE SERVICE PROVIDERS
25.4.1 Background
25.4.2 The Notice and Takedown Procedures
25.4.3 Counter DMCA Notification Procedures
25.5 COPYRIGHT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
25.6 REMEDIES FOR DMCA VIOLATIONS
25.7 EXAMPLE OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT
Stephen Wozniak - Personal Computers
Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson - Bluetooth®-Short Distance Wireless Communication Systems
Chapter 26 Mask Work Protection
26.1 INTRODUCTION
26.2 THE SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP PROTECTION ACT OF 1984
26.3 MASK WORKS GENERALLY
26.4 SUBJECT MATTER OF MASK WORK PROTECTION
26.5 OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, AND LICENSING OF THE MASK WORK
26.6 DURATION OF PROTECTION
26.7 RIGHTS OF OWNERSHIP IN A MASK WORK
26.8 LIMITATIONS ON EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS, REVERSE ENGINEERING, AND FIRST SALE
26.9 MASK WORK NOTICE
26.10 INFRINGEMENT OF MASK WORK PROTECTION RIGHTS
26.11 GENERAL COMMENTS ABOUT MASK WORK PROTECTION
Section V Trade Secrets
Stephanie Kwolek - Kevlar®
Percy Julian - The Synthesis of Cortisone
Chapter 27 Trade Secrets Protection
27.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE SECRET LAW
27.2 THE NATURE OF A TRADE SECRET
27.3 THE DEFINITION OF A "TRADE SECRET"
27.4 THE CREATION OF AN ENFORCEABLE TRADE SECRET RIGHT
27.5 EVEN THREATENED TRADE SECRET THEFT CAN BE STOPPED
27.6 CREATING A VIABLE TRADE SECRET PROTECTION PROGRAM
27.7 DAMAGES AND INJUNCTIONS
27.8 CONFIDENCE
27.9 CAN TRADE SECRETS, AFTER USE, BE PATENTED?
Chester F. Carlson - Electrophotography
Chapter 28 The Federal Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016
28.1 INTRODUCTION
28.2 CIVIL SEIZURE
28.2.1 Requirements for Obtaining an Ex Parte Order for Civil Seizure.
28.2.2 Elements of the Seizure Order
28.2.3 Protection from Publicity
28.2.4 Materials in Court Custody
28.2.5 Service of the Order
28.2.6 Seizure Hearing
28.2.7 Action for Damages Caused by a Wrongful Seizure
28.2.8 Motion for Encryption
28.3 REMEDIES
28.3.1 Injunctions
28.3.2 Award of Damages
28.3.3 Willful and Malicious Appropriation
28.3.4 Claim of Misappropriation Made in Bad Faith by Plaintiff
28.3.5 Period of Limitations
28.4 RIGHTS OF TRADE SECRET OWNERS
28.5 WHISTLE-BLOWER PROVISIONS
28.5.1 Use of Trade Secret Information in an Anti-Retaliation Lawsuit
28.5.2 Notice of Immunity
Section VI Trademarks, Service Marks and Cybersquatting
Samuel E. Blum, Rangaswamy Srinivasan, and James Wynne - Excimer Laser Surgery (Lasik)
Chapter 29 Trademarks and Service Marks
29.1 ORIGINS OF THE PROTECTION OF TRADEMARKS AND SERVICE MARKS
29.2 TRADEMARK SELECTION AND ADOPTION PROCESS
29.2.1 Creating a Trademark
29.2.2 Screening or Narrowing Step
29.2.3 Clearance Process for Determining the Availability of a Trademark for Your Use
29.3 FILING FOR REGISTRATION OF YOUR TRADEMARK
29.4 PROTECTING AND MAINTAINING YOUR TRADEMARK REGISTRATION
29.5 TRADEMARK PROTECTION OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES
29.6 THE MADRID PROTOCOL-THE "INTERNATIONAL" TRADEMARK-AN OVERVIEW
John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert - The Eniac Computer
Chapter 30 Cybersquatting
30.1 WHAT IS CYBERSQUATTING?
30.2 THE UDRP
30.2.1 Administration of the UDRP
30.2.2 Process for A UDRP Claim
30.2.3 UDRP Requirements
30.2.3.1 Identical or Confusingly Similar to a Trademark
30.2.3.2 No Legitimate Interest
30.2.3.3 Bad Faith
30.2.4 Remedies
30.3 THE ANTICYBERSQUATTING CONSUMER PROTECT ACT (ACPA)
30.3.1 Elements of an ACPA Claim
30.3.2 Remedies
Section VII The Commercialization and Management of Intellectual Property
George de Mestral - Hook-And-Loop Fastener (Velcro®)
John A. Roebling - Suspension Bridges
Chapter 31 Engineering Management and Commercialization of Intellectual Property
31.1 INTRODUCTION
31.1.1 The Rapidity of Technological Change
31.1.2 People and Technology Development
31.1.3 Intellectual Property Strategy
31.1.4 Motivations Supporting Innovation
31.1.4.1 Individual and Organizational Motivations
31.1.4.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations
31.1.4.3 Economic Motivation
31.1.4.4 Socio-Political Motivation
31.1.4.5 Possible Conflict Between Organizational and Individual Motivations
31.1.4.6 Developing Successful Motivations
31.2 INTRODUCTION TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY BUSINESS STRATEGIES
31.3 OBJECTIVES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
31.4 THE SOLE INVENTOR IN AN ALIEN FIELD
31.5 STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
31.6 DISGORGING PATENTABLE INVENTIONS
31.7 DETERMINING WHAT AND WHAT NOT TO PATENT
31.7.1 Patentability Search Results
31.7.2 Business Factors Determining Whether to Obtain Patent Protection
31.7.2.1 Importance of the Technology
31.7.2.2 Competitive Advantage
31.7.2.3 Enforceability
31.7.2.4 Commercial Value
31.7.2.5 Licensing Value
31.7.2.6 Foreign Markets
31.7.2.7 Defensive Patenting
31.7.2.8 Timing of Public Disclosure of the Invention
31.8 DETERMINING WHO WOULD BE AN APPROPRIATE LICENSEE FOR YOUR INVENTION
31.9 DRAFTING STRATEGIC PATENT CLAIMS
31.10 DETERMINING WHERE TO OBTAIN PATENTS
31.11 DETERMINING OTHER INDUSTRIES THAT MAY BENEFIT FROM A LICENSE
31.12 ENSURING YOUR PRODUCT OR PROCESS DOES NOT VIOLATE THE PATENT RIGHTS OF OTHERS
31.13 POLICING THE MARKET FOR POTENTIAL INFRINGEMENTS OF YOUR PATENTS
31.14 THE ENFORCEMENT OF PROCESS PATENT CLAIMS AGAINST AN IMPORTER OF A FOREIGN-MADE PRODUCT
31.15 TRIMMING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TREE
31.16 ESSAY ON INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
Les Paul - Solid Body Electric Guitar
Chapter 32 "Sue the Bastards"-Business Factors Controlling Intellectual Property Litigation Strategies
32.1 INTRODUCTION TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LITIGATION STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
32.2 THE DAWN OF AN IP RIGHTS INFRINGEMENT LAWSUIT
32.2.1 Got IP?
32.2.2 A Potential Infringement of Your IP Rights Bubbles to the Surface
32.2.3 Conducting an Audit of Your IP
32.3 LITIGATION CONSIDERATIONS IN IP RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT
32.3.1 The Pre-Filing Investigation
32.3.1.1 Patent Enforcement
32.3.1.2 Trademark/Service Mark Enforcement
32.3.1.3 Copyright Litigation
32.3.1.4 Trade Secret Enforcement
32.3.2 The Benefits Of Litigation v. The Costs
32.3.2.1 Value of Potential Benefits of Litigation
32.3.2.2 Litigation Costs
32.3.2.3 The Disruption to Employees and Normal Business Activities
32.3.2.4 Preventing the Disclosure of Trade Secret, Proprietary, and Confidential Information to Your Competitor or to the Public During Litigation
32.3.2.5 Short Notes on Other Litigation Factors
32.4 CONCLUSION
Igor Sikorsky - Helicopter
Frank Zamboni - Ice Resurfacer
Chapter 33 Technology Transfer-Universities, Hospitals, and Research Centers
33.1 INTRODUCTION
33.2 OWNERSHIP OF INSTITUTION-DEVELOPED INNOVATIONS
33.2.1 Typical University Ownership Policies and Provisions
33.2.1.1 What Is Owned by the University
33.2.1.2 Copyrights and the Academic Exception
33.2.1.3 Ownership of Intellectual Property Created by University Students
33.3 A TYPICAL UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROGRAM
33.3.1 Purpose of the OTM
33.3.2 The Bayh-Dole Act
33.3.3 Sponsored Research
33.3.4 Patent Filing Decisions
33.3.5 Intellectual Property Disclosures/Reports of Research Progress
33.3.6 Screening, Evaluation, and Assessment
33.3.7 Market Assessment
33.3.8 Release by License or Assignment to Inventor
33.3.9 Marketing or Seeking Partners
33.3.10 Marketing and Related Agreements or Pre-Licensing
33.3.11 Licensing
33.3.12 License Compliance
Ferdinand von Zeppelin - Rigid Airships
Bernard Silver and Norman Joseph Woodland - Optically Scanned Bar Code
Chapter 34 International Intellectual Property Creation, Protection, and Enforcement Strategies
34.1 INTRODUCTION
34.2 IP CREATION STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE GLOBAL IP PROTECTION
34.2.1 Investment Sources
34.2.2 Technology Development Location Choices
34.2.3 Product Production Location Choices
34.2.4 Marketing Considerations
34.3 LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING WHERE TO OBTAIN IP PROTECTION
34.3.1 Legal Concerns
34.3.2 Procedural Concerns
34.4 MARKETING AND BUSINESS CONCERNS
34.4.1 Potential Market Size
34.4.2 Product Life Cycle and Other Factors
34.4.3 Taxes
34.5 NON-PARIS CONVENTION AND NON-PCT COUNTRY PATENT PROTECTION
34.6 FILING A PCT PATENT APPLICATION FIRST
34.7 JOINT VENTURE RELATIONSHIPS
34.7.1 Why Create a Joint Venture
34.7.2 Drawing Investment to the Joint Venture
34.7.2.1 The Strength of IP Assets
34.7.2.2 Reassuring Investors
34.7.2.3 Technology Licensing
34.7.2.4 IP as a Foundation of Marketing Strategies
34.7.2.5 IP and Buyout Strategies
34.8 FORMING A JOINT VENTURE BASED ON IP
Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack - CAT Scanner
Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Chapter 35 The Future
35.1 RATIONAL THOUGHT APPLIED TO PROBLEM SOLVING
35.2 WHAT INVESTORS WILL LOOK FOR IN THE FUTURE RELATIVE TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
35.3 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
35.4 UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
35.5 MASTER OF ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT DEGREES AT U.S. UNIVERSITIES
35.6 CONCLUSION
Harry Coover - Super Glue®
Spencer Silver - Post-IT® Notes
Chapter 36 Entrepreneurship Law
36.1 INTRODUCTION
36.2 TRANSITION FROM EMPLOYEE TO EMPLOYER
36.2.1 Restrictions Emanating from Your Current Employment
36.2.1.1 During and after Employment
36.2.1.2 Fiduciary Duties
36.2.1.3 Trade Secrets
36.2.1.4 Unfair Competition
36.2.2 Restrictions Arising from an Employment Contract
36.2.2.1 Moonlighting Provisions
36.2.2.2 Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Restrictive Covenants
36.2.2.3 Protection of Intellectual Property and Confidential Information of the Employer
36.3 ORGANIZING THE NEW BUSINESS
36.3.1 Overview
36.3.1.1 Sole Proprietorship
36.3.1.2 General Partnership
36.3.1.3 Limited Partnership
36.3.1.4 Limited Liability Partnership
36.3.1.5 Corporation
36.3.1.6 Limited Liability Company
36.3.2 Brief Comments on Choosing an Advantageous Business Entity Structure
36.4 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSETS
36.5 FINANCING
36.5.1 Introduction and Overview
36.5.2 Equity Financing
36.5.3 Bank Financing
36.6 EMPLOYMENT LAW
36.6.1 Employee or Independent Contractor?
36.6.2 Employment Statutes
36.6.2.1 The Fair Labor Standards Act
36.6.2.2 Worker's Compensation Laws
36.6.2.3 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
36.6.2.4 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
36.6.2.5 The Americans with Disabilities Act
36.6.2.6 Age Discrimination in Employment Act
36.6.3 Employment Agreements
36.6.4 Compensation with Equity in the New Venture
36.7 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
36.7.1 The Purpose of Financial Statements
36.7.2 Basic Accounting Concepts
36.7.3 The Types of Financial Statements
36.7.3.1 The Balance Sheet
36.7.3.2 The Income Statement
36.7.3.3 The Cash Flow Statement
36.8 RECOMMENDATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT
37 Current Events:
37.1 AC VERSUS DC
Bibliography
Index
EULA

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