The Active Female

Part I: Unique Gender and Sex Related Psychological and Physiological Characteristics of Females.- Sex differences in musculoskeletal anatomy between males and females.- Body image concerns and unique psychophysiological stressors at marked life stages in females.- The psychology of female sport performance from a gender perspective.- Reproductive changes from puberty to menopause and the effects of the menstrual cycle on bone formation/bone loss.- The female athlete triad: Nutritional, physical, psychological stress and functional amenorrhea.- The physiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.- Exercise metabolism/thermoregulation, performance and the menstrual cycle.- Part II: Disordered Eating, Eating Disorders, and Evidence-Based Programs for Managing the Symptoms.- Health disparities and inequities in women's health.- Disordered eating/eating disorders: A global psychosocial perspective.- Evidence-based disordered eating prevention programs including mindfulnesseating for active females.- Breathing techniques for the active female to help alleviate pain caused by symptoms of dysmenorrhea.- Part III: Screening, Prevention, and Management of Health-Related Issues in Active Females.- Screening for excessive exercise, disordered eating, and menstrual dysfunction in the active female.- The importance of posture and muscular balance in the body for managing skeletal muscle injuries in active females.- Prevention and management of common musculoskeletal injuries in skeletally immature female athletes.- Prevention and management of common musculoskeletal injuries in the adult active female.- Prevention and management of common musculoskeletal injuries in the aging active female.- The management of osteoporosis through exercise.- Part IV: Nutrition, Energy Balance, and Energy Availability in Active Females.- Estimating energy requirements.- Energy requirements and nutritional guidelines for active children.- Dietary guidelines and energy needs for the adult active female: Determining energy and nutritional needs to ameliorate functional amenorrhea caused by energy imbalance.- Nutritional guidelines and energy needs during pregnancy/lactation.- Nutritional guidelines and energy needs for the aging active female.- Ergogenic aids/other supplements and the female athlete.- Part V: Exercise Guidelines and Precautions for Active Females throughout the Lifespan.- Screening for safe exercise participation and exercise guidelines for health-related fitness.- Cardiovascular exercise guidelines for active females throughout the lifespan including children, adolescents and the aging female.- Resistance training guidelines for active females throughout the lifespan including children, adolescents and the aging female.- Exercise guidelines during pregnancy.- Excessive exercise and immunity: The J-shaped curve.- Exercise recommendations for cancer in active females throughout the lifespan including children, adolescence andthe aging female.- Part VI: The Obese Active Female.- The psychology of obesity and weight loss.- Exercise and nutritional guidelines for weight loss and weight maintenance in the obese female.- Exercise considerations for comorbidities associated with obesity such as polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.- Normal weight obesity.