Proceedings of the XV Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering

Name: Proceedings of the XV Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering | IN-VENTO 2018
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IN-VENTO 2018

Francesco Ricciardelli Alberto Maria Avossa(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 12. März 2019

XIII, 745 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Preface
Organization
Scientific Committee
Organizing Committee
Conference Secretariat
Contents
Invited Lectures
Urban Wind Energy: A Wind Engineering and Wind Energy Cross-Roads
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Aerodynamics of Urban Winds
3 Estimating Local Urban Wind Resources
4 Wind Turbine Installations in Urban Areas
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Mixed Climatology, Non-synoptic Phenomena and Downburst Wind Loading of Structures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Thunderstorms and Downbursts
3 Wind Statistics, Precursors and Climate Change
4 Wind Detection and Measurements
5 Wind Modelling and Simulation
5.1 Laboratory Tests
5.2 CFD Simulations
5.3 Analytical Models
5.4 Monte Carlo Techniques
6 Wind Loading of Structures
7 Wind-Excited Response of Structures
8 Thunderstorm Research at the University of Genova
8.1 WP and WPS Projects
8.2 Wind Speed Analysis
8.3 Wind Loading and Response of Structures
8.4 The ERC THUNDERR Project
Acknowledgements
References
Technical Papers
Comparison of High-Resolution Pressure Peaks in Closed and Open-Section Wind Tunnels
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Velocity Measurements
2.1.1 PoliMi
2.1.2 WoW
2.2 Pressure Measurements
2.2.1 Building Model
2.2.2 PoliMi Pressure Measurement System
2.2.3 WoW Pressure Measurement System
3 Results
3.1 Comparison of Velocity Measurements
3.2 Comparison of Pressure Measurements
4 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
Aerodynamic Tailoring of a Bluff Deck Section Subjected to Inclined Winds Due to the Complex Orography of the Construction Site
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Bridge Location and Wind Characteristics
3 Bridge Layout and Structural Dynamics
4 Wind Tunnel Tests on Sectional Model
5 Aerodynamic Behaviour of the Original Deck Section
5.1 Static and Dynamic Force Coefficients
5.2 Vortex Induced Vibrations
6 Tailoring of the Bluff Deck Section
7 Final Configuration Selection and Performance
8 Conclusions
References
A SCADA-Based Method for Estimating the Energy Improvement from Wind Turbine Retrofitting
1 Introduction
2 The Test Case and the Data Set
3 The Method
4 The Results
5 Conclusions and Further Directions
References
Wind Effects on Containers Stability
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Container's Stability Conditions
3 Friction Coefficients of Piled Container
4 Aerodynamic Coefficients of Piled Container
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Mooring System Optimization for a Spar-Buoy Wind Turbine in Rough Wind and Sea Conditions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 OC3-Hywind Spar-Buoy Floating Wind Turbine Description
2.2 Hydrodynamic Theory
2.3 Test Cases
2.4 Optimization Scheme
2.5 Fatigue Load Assessment
3 Results
3.1 Cable Optimization with Clump Weights
4 Conclusions
References
Hybrid HIL Testing of Floating Wind Turbines Within LIFES50+?Project
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Hybrid/HIL Testing
3 The Hybrid/HIL Experimental Methodology
3.1 Aerodynamic Loads
4 The Experimental Setup
4.1 The Wind Turbine Scale Model
4.2 The Actuation System
5 Verification of the HIL Setup
6 Wind Tests
6.1 Decay Tests
6.2 Irregular Waves
7 Conclusions
References
Wind-Tunnel Experiments on a Large-Scale Flettner Rotor
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Pressure Measurement Correction
4 Preliminary Results of the Experiments
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Self-excited Vibrations of a Bridge Deck with Single and Double Wind Barriers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Model
3 Experimental Setup
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Wind Tunnel Experimentation on Stationary Downbursts at WindEEE Dome
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Settings
3 Brief Overview of Signal Analysis Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
5 Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
Damage from Recent Thunderstorms in Romania
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Recent Thunderstorms
3.1 Events Accompanied by Strong Wind
3.2 Events Accompanied by Hail and Intense Rain
3.3 Events Accompanied by Tornados
4 Damage Associated with Recent Thunderstorms
4.1 Damage Caused by Wind
4.2 Damage Caused by Hail and Flooding
5 Conclusions
References
Full-Scale Measurements of the Structural Response of a 63-Storey Mixed-Use High-Rise Under Wind Loading
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 General
2.2 The Bayesian Fast Fourier Transform Approach
3 Monitoring Campaign
4 Data Analysis and Results
5 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Mitigation of Structural Demand to Wind Turbines: Experimental Investigation of Three Control Strategies
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Case Study Wind Turbine
2.1 The Scaled Tower Model
2.2 Equivalent Base Accelerations
3 Control Systems: TMD, TLD, SA
3.1 Tuned Rolling-Ball Dampers
3.2 Spherical Tuned Liquid Dampers
3.3 Time-Variant Base Restraint
4 Comparison Among the Control Strategies
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Feasibility and Assessment of Real Time Monitoring Systems for Smart Structural Control of Wind Turbines
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 A Semi-active Rocking System for High Wind Turbines
3 GNSS in Structural Monitoring
4 RTK-GNSS in Wind Turbine SA Control
5 The Role of Frequency and Latency of Measures for SA Control of a Case-Study Wind Turbine
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Flow Distortion Recorded by Sonic Anemometers on a Long-Span Bridge
1 Introduction
2 Instrumentation and Methods
2.1 Location of the Sonic Anemometers
2.2 Data Processing
3 Results
3.1 Mean Flow Characteristics
3.2 One-Point Turbulence Characteristics
3.3 Spectral Ratios
4 Influence of the Sensor Height on Turbulence Characterization
5 Conclusions
References
Influence of the Measurement Height on the Vertical Coherence of Natural Wind
1 Introduction
2 Instrumentation and Methods
2.1 Data Post-processing
2.2 Assessment of the Atmospheric Stability
2.3 Modelling of the Co-coherence
3 Results
3.1 Coherence Computed with the Uniform Shear Model
3.2 Coherence Computed with the Empirical Coherence Models
4 Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Modeling and Simulation of Non-stationary Thunderstorm Outflows
1 Introduction
2 Non-stationary Model and Simulation
3 Influence of Non-stationarity on Structural Response
4 Conclusions
References
On the Aerostructural Design of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges: The Contribution of Parameter Variation Studies with Focus on the Deck Design
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Super-Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge Model
3 Influence of Deck Mechanical Properties on Flutter Response
3.1 Deck Cross-section Area Ax
3.2 Deck Cross-section Vertical Bending Moment Iy
3.3 Deck Cross-section Lateral Bending Moment Iz
3.4 Deck Cross-section Torsional Stiffness Jx
3.5 Deck Translational Non-structural Mass Per Unit of Length Mx
3.6 Deck Rotational Non-structural Mass Per Unit of Length IM
4 Influence of Natural Frequencies on Flutter Response
5 Influence of Deck Plate Thickness t on Flutter and Structural Responses
6 Influence of Stays Transversal Separation O on Flutter Response
7 Influence of Structural Damping ? on Flutter Response
8 Influence of Flutter Derivatives on Flutter Response
9 Influence of the Slopes of the Force Coefficients on Flutter Response
10 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Structural Optimization of a Reduced-Scale Model of a Wind Mill Tower for Wind Tunnel Testing
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Procedure for the Design of Reduced-Scale Aeroelastic Models Maintaining Dynamic Similarity
2.1 Similitude Requirements
2.2 First Phase: Traditional Design Process
2.2.1 Model Construction and Limitations
2.2.2 Model Discretization
2.2.3 Automatization of the Design
2.2.4 Sources of Inaccuracies
2.3 Second Phase: Reduced-Scale Model Optimization Approach
3 Wind Mill Tower Application
3.1 Description of the Structure and Construction Process
3.2 Reduced-Scale Model Design. Traditional Approach
3.3 Reduced-Scale Model Optimization
3.4 Reduced-Scale Model Construction
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Probabilistic Assessment of the Galloping Stability of Ice-Accreted Bridge Hangers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Aerodynamic Coefficients of the Ice Accreted Bridge Hanger
3 Aeroelastic Model
4 Probabilistic Assessment
5 An Application to a Bridge Hanger Located in Copenhagen
6 Conclusions
References
Experimental and Numerical Study of the Wind Tunnel Blockage Effects on the Behaviour of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Numerical Setup
4 Results
5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Wind Field Variability in Complex Terrain: Lessons from the Hardanger Bridge
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Hardanger Bridge Monitoring Project
3 Randomness in Field Data and Implications on Bridge Design
4 Probabilistic Modelling of the Wind and Turbulence Field
5 Insights, Challenges and Prospects
References
Validated Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Characteristics of Rhein-Crossing Bridge in Leverkusen
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Identification of Flutter Derivatives from Wind Tunnel Tests
3 Wind Tunnel Experiments
3.1 Fixed Model Experiments
3.2 Forced Vibration Experiments
4 Numerical Procedure
5 Validation of the Numerical Simulation
5.1 Mesh Sensitivities
5.2 Simulations on the Fixed Model
5.3 Simulations in Forced Vibration
6 Results and Discussion
6.1 Flutter Derivatives - Experiments and Simulations
7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Full-Aeroelastic Model of CAARC Building: Iterative Design Procedure and Wind Tunnel Tests
1 Introduction
2 Design Theory
2.1 Readjustment to CAARC Model
2.2 Python Code
3 Scaled Model Details and Fabrication
3.1 Prototype Description
3.2 Model's Scaling Boundary Conditions
3.3 Model Fabrication
4 Preliminary Results
4.1 Modal Identification
4.2 Wind Tunnel Setup and Preliminary Results
5 Conclusions
References
Aerodynamic Instability of Cables with Circular Appendages
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Model and Experimental Set-Up
2.1 Static Tests Layout
2.2 Dynamic Tests Layout
2.3 Tested Configurations
3 Results
3.1 Static Tests
3.2 Dynamic Tests
4 Conclusions
References
Cyclist Aerodynamics: A Comparison Between Wind Tunnel Tests and CFD Simulations for Helmet Design
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Helmet Design and Instrumentation
3 Wind Tunnel Set-up
4 Wind Tunnel Experimental Results
5 CFD Simulations
6 Comparison Between Wind Tunnel Tests and CFD Simulations
7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Towards the Second Generation Eurocodes: Evolution of EN 1991-1-4 Wind Actions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Structure of New EN1991-1-4
3 Wind Map and Wind Models
3.1 Wind Map
3.2 Wind Models
4 Aerodynamic Coefficients
5 Dynamic Response
6 Aeroelastic Phenomena
7 Conclusions
References
Extreme Wind Prediction - The Australian Experience
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Extreme Wind Types
3 Extreme Value Probability Distributions
4 Bootstrapping and Confidence Limits
5 Examples (from South Australia)
5.1 Corrections and Storm-Type Separation
5.2 Extreme Value Distribution and Fitting Method
5.3 Results
5.4 Errors and Confidence Limits
6 Return Period and Average Recurrence Interval
7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Life-Cycle Cost-Based Wind Design of Tall Buildings
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The LCCWD Procedure
3 The Case Study
3.1 Fragility Model
3.2 Cost Model
4 Numerical Results
4.1 Parametric Study on the Fragility Model for Business Downtime
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Motion-Dependent Forces on Streamlined Bridge Girders and Their Influencing Parameters - Observations from Wind Tunnel Buffeting Response Data
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Formulation of the Motion-Induced Wind Forces
1.2 Experimental Characterisation of Flutter Derivatives
1.3 Scope of the Present Analysis
2 Wind Tunnel Tests
2.1 Bridge Deck Cross-Sections
2.2 Dynamic Bridge Characteristics
2.3 Flow Conditions
2.4 Data Acquisition and the System Identification Analysis
3 Flutter Derivatives Estimated with Different Model Setups
3.1 Flutter Derivatives for Section a Model with Different Frequency Ratios
3.2 Flutter Derivatives for Section B Model with Different Frequency Ratios and Degrees of Freedom
3.3 Comparison Between the Flutter Derivatives from the Buffeting Response and Forced Vibration Tests
3.4 Wind-Structure Interaction as Function of the Buffeting Response Amplitudes
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Uncertainty Quantification for RANS Predictions of Wind Loads on Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Wind Tunnel Measurements
2.1 ABL Characterization
2.2 Pressure Measurements
3 Methods
3.1 CFD Model Set-Up
3.2 Inflow UQ Methodology
3.3 Turbulence Model Form UQ Methodology
4 Results
4.1 Inflow UQ Results
4.2 Turbulence Model UQ Results
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
A Model Extension for Vortex-Induced Vibrations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Wind Tunnel Tests in Free-Vibrations
2.1 Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel and Experimental Set-up for Free-Vibration Testing
2.2 Experimental Evidence
3 Model Extension to Predict the Largest Oscillation in Lock-in
3.1 Innovative Aspects
3.2 Results
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Aerodynamic Effect of Non-uniform Wind Profiles for Long-Span Bridges
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Full-Scale Measurement Program
3 Non-uniform Wind Profiles
3.1 Measurements
3.2 Simulations
4 Case Study: The Hardanger Bridge
4.1 Theoretical Background
4.2 Modal Analysis
4.3 Buffeting Response
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Comparative Analysis of Construction Costs of Onshore and Shallow- and Deep-Water Offshore Wind Farms
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Current Costs of Wind Energy Farms
2.1 Capital Cost
2.2 Operation and Maintenance Costs
3 Costs of Wind Turbines
3.1 Onshore Wind Farm Costs
3.2 Shallow Water Offshore Wind Farm Costs
3.3 Deep Water Offshore Wind Farm Costs
3.4 Prediction of Deep Water Offshore Wind Farm Costs
4 Conclusions
References
Some Topics About Wind Engineering that Curtain Walling Design Might Be Longing for in Standards
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Façade Projections
3 Non-circular Buildings with Curved Surfaces
4 Pressure on Cladding Elements with More Than One Skin
5 Conclusions
References
Flow Separation Delay and Drag Reduction Through Contoured Transverse Grooves
1 Introduction and Description of the Idea
2 Test Cases and Investigation Methodologies
3 Geometry of a Contoured Groove and Physical Mechanisms
4 Groove Effect in Practical Applications
5 Conclusions and Future Developments
References
Experimental Study on the Effect of Secondary Vortices at the Trailing Edge on Motion-Induced Vortex Vibration
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Experimental Results and Discussion
3.1 B/D?=?2.0 Rectangular Cross Section
3.2 B/D?=?4.0 Rectangular Cross Section
3.3 B/D?=?6.0 Rectangular Cross Section
3.4 Generation Probability for Secondary Vortex at the Trailing Edge
4 Conclusions
References
Wind-Wave Loading and Response of OWT Monopiles in Rough Seas
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Transitional Shear Layers on Rectangular Sections
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experiments
3 Results
3.1 Separation and Transition
3.2 Reattachment
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
An Immersed Boundary CFD Code for Building and Environment Applications
Abstract
1 The Equations of Fluid Mechanics
2 The Numerical Method
3 The Contaminant Equation
4 The Immersed Boundary Method
5 Applications
6 Conclusions
References
Simultaneous Vibration Suppression and Energy Harvesting in Wind Excited Tall Buildings Equipped with the Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (TMDI)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Benchmark Building Description and Modelling
2.1 TMDI-Equipped Tall Buildings
2.2 Frequency-Domain Across-Wind Response Analysis
3 Performance-Based Optimization of the TMDI for Vibration Suppression
4 Energy Harvesting Potential for Optimal TMDI with Varying Inertance and Damping
5 Conclusions
References
Probabilistic Assessment of Windblown Sand Accumulation Around Railways
1 Introduction
2 Windblown Sand Limit States
3 Modelling Windblown Sand Around Railways
3.1 Incoming Windblown Sand
3.2 Local Windblown Sand Accumulation
4 Explorative Application
5 Conclusions
References
Wind-Induced Fatigue Verification Standard Methods
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Wind-Induced Fatigue Life and Damage Evaluation
3 Sign Support Structures
4 Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
Experimental and Computational Analysis of Microscale Wind Conditions in the Port of Amsterdam
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 On-Site Measurements
3 CFD Simulations
3.1 Computational Geometry, Domain and Grid
3.2 Boundary Conditions and Solver Settings
4 Validation of the CFD Results
5 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Experimental Tests on the Wave-Induced Response of a Tension Leg Platform Supporting a 5 MW Wind Turbine
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 TLP Physical Model and Setup
2.1 Wave Basin and Instrumentation
2.2 Rotor, Blades and Wind Conditions
3 Test Program and Methodology
4 Results
4.1 Free Decay Tests
4.2 Dynamic Response to Regular Waves
5 Conclusions
References
Mixture Model in High-Order Statistics for Peak Factor Estimation on Low-Rise Building
Abstract
1 Introduction and Motivation
2 Case Study: Wind Tunnel Setup
3 Wind Tunnel Results
3.1 First Rank Statistics
3.2 Peak Factor Estimation
3.3 Time Windowing Influence
4 Decomposition and Mixture Model
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Vortex Induced Vibrations of Rectangular Cylinders Arranged on a Grid
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 In Situ Measurement
2.2 Wind Tunnel Model
2.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics
3 Results
3.1 In Situ Measurements
3.2 Initial Configuration in the Wind Tunnel
3.3 Parametric Studies
4 Discussions
4.1 Comparison of the Approaches
4.2 Grid Effect on Vortex Shedding
4.3 Mitigation Techniques
5 Conclusion
References
The Interplay Between Background Atmospheric Boundary Layer Winds and Downburst Outflows. A First Physical Experiment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The WindEEE Dome
3 Experiment Setup and Data Processing
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
Field Measurement of Gas Dispersion in the Atsugi Area
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Field Measurements and Experimental Conditions
2.1 Field Site
2.2 Release and Sampling
2.3 Meteorological Measurement
2.4 Meteorological Conditions and Atmospheric Stability
3 Results
3.1 Distribution of Gas Concentrations
3.2 Comparison Between Measured Data and Predicted Values from Theoretical Model
3.3 Characteristics of Wind Turbulence and Vertical Profile
4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Definition of Wind Loads on the Riyadh Western Metro Station
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Model
3 Numerical Model
4 Spatial Averaging and the Aerodynamic Admittance Function
4.1 Experimental Admittance
5 Dune 0 Response to the Wind
6 Conclusions
References
Characterization of Mean Wind Profiles and Surface Roughness Assessment from Wind LIDAR Measurements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 LIDAR Measurements
3 Vertical Profiles of Mean Wind Velocity
4 Turbulence Models
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Design and Experimental Optimisation of a cm-Scale Wind Turbine for Energy Harvesting
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Problem Definition and Initial Design
2.1 Ducted Turbines
3 Wind Tunnel Tests
3.1 Measurement Setup
3.2 Open Field Tests
3.2.1 Active Controlled Tests (ACT)
3.2.2 Passive Tests (PT)
3.3 Ducted Symmetric Turbine
4 Conclusions
References
Experimental Study of Wind Loads on Domed Free Roofs
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Wind Tunnel Experiment
3 Experimental Results and Discussion
3.1 Effect of the Reynolds Number on the Pressure Distribution
3.2 Distributions of Wind Pressure and Force Coefficients
4 Wind Force Coefficients for the Main Wind Force Resisting Systems
4.1 Basic Concepts for Proposing Wind Force Coefficients
4.2 Wind Force Coefficients Providing the Maximum Load Effects
4.3 Gust Effect Factor Based on the Load Effects
4.4 Design Wind Force Coefficients
5 Peak Wind Force Coefficients for Cladding/Components
6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Wind Pressure Distribution on a Porous Double Skin Façade System
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Literature Review
1.2 Case Study
2 Wind Tunnel Test Set-up
2.1 First Stage: No DSF Model
2.2 Scaling Procedure for the Metallic Mesh
2.3 Second Stage: DSF Model
2.4 Flow Configuration
3 Experimental Results
3.1 Coefficients Definition
3.2 No DSF Model and DSF Model Comparison
3.3 Filtering Effect of the Mesh
4 Reduction of the Peak Values
5 Conclusions
References
Correction to: Cyclist Aerodynamics: A Comparison Between Wind Tunnel Tests and CFD Simulations for Helmet Design
Correction to: Chapter "Cyclist Aerodynamics: A Comparison Between Wind Tunnel Tests and CFD Simulations for Helmet Design" in: F. Ricciardelli and A. M. Avossa (Eds.): Proceedings of the XV Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering, LNCE 27, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12815-9_27
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