European spirit, adaption to market economy and national identity in Poland and Ukraine

Name: European spirit, adaption to market economy and national identity in Poland and Ukraine | National culture and its influence on the European Integration, advertising and entrepreneurship
Brand: Diplomica Verlag
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National culture and its influence on the European Integration, advertising and entrepreneurship

Matthias Reichhard(Autor*in)

Diplomica Verlag

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 17. September 2008

284 Seiten

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Beschreibung

When at the turn of the 1980, the face of the political world was largely remodelled with the vanishment of classical East and West blocs, the economical wasteland created by the failed socialist planned economic system constituted a fascinating research pasture for economists of all disciplines - especially macroeconomists and specialists for economic politics. At universities, new faculties for transformation studies were created. Authors like Rodrick elucidated the reasons for the acute period of the COMECON alliance in form of teh Soviet trade shock, de Melo, van den Mortel a.o. discussed reasons for discrepancy of initial condions, Aghion & Blanchard about the speed of transition, just like Wyplosz, Fischer & Sahayestablished a balance sheet after a decade of transition.
However, the preponderant part authorship dedicated to the fate and future of Central and Eastern European countries left apart a force of influence which disciplines of business adminitration have discovered for disciplines like management and staff motivation: culture.
The author of the present study did extended research for working papers a.o. which may provide hints for characteristics of development visible in two exemplaric states, out of which one used to be part fo the soviet Union (Ukraine), the other a satellite "brother country" (POland), which lie below the surface of economic behaviour and performance. The result of this quest was y and large that there indeed do exist works which deal with the selected econo-political aspects; however, most authors refer to the five dimensions of national culture presented by Hofstede, which in the author`s opinion oversimplify the complex and difficultly obervable domain fo culture, sometimes even is entangled in contradictions like with the high masculinity/femininity index for Italy. This is why the author rather oriented by the need-belief-value-attitude continuum described by Culatta and thus developped his chapters on EU accession, advertisng creation and response as well as push and pull factors for business ownership and SME landscape departing from an own digest of cultural models by Trompenaars, Hall, Merk, throsby et. al., proceeding via approaches showing ellements of the N-B-V-A vchain more detailedly - e.g. Schwartz`s ten basic human values or Nussbaum`s capability theory- and applying those components to concrete manifestaions in the oberved countries, e.g. Dyczewski`´s compilation of Polish national values and Ray`s Ukrainian static and dynamic worldviews.
Results of this study are in short that an economy`s national culture should not be left apart when it is about economic and political development and that for two of the three topics treated - national and European identity as well as entrepreneurship - huge diversions between Poland and Ukraine were stated (strong idea of Polishdom and Poland`s reserved place in the EU vs. Ukrainian roots blurred a.o. by Russian, German and Communist influences; optimist Polish business owners, often supported by their faith in God vs. resignated entrepreneurs stuck in dirty business rules in Ukraine) whereas the assessment of advertising found about the same level of human needs suppressed before 1991 and satisfied afterwards.
Apart of its function as graduation, this work`s reason for existence is to animate fellow-researchers to undertake primary research based on more inspiring and substantial theoretical beckgrounf than the Hofstedian model and to consider other facets of CEEC integration into the EU, e.g. microcultures like religion, residence status or communicative topics like negotiation style and reasons for failure.

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1 - European spirit, adaption to market economy and national identity in Poland and Ukraine [Seite 1]
2 - Acknowledgement: [Seite 3]
3 - Abstract [Seite 5]
4 - Résumé [Seite 6]
5 - Kurzzusammenfassung [Seite 7]
6 - Streszczenie [Seite 8]
7 - Table of content [Seite 9]
8 - Registry of tables [Seite 16]
9 - Index of figures [Seite 17]
10 - List of abbreviations: [Seite 19]
11 - Introduction [Seite 21]
12 - 1 [Seite 1 ]
The role of Poland and Ukraine in the Council for Mutual Economic Aid(CMEA) and their position during its breakdown - 26 [Seite 26]
12.1 - 1.1 Introduction to manifold transition CEEC matters: definitions, stage models, end point oftransition [Seite 26]
12.1.1 - 1.1.1 Overview on definitions of the transformation issue [Seite 26]
12.1.2 - 1.1.2 Epitome of the scholars` dispute on the significance of disparate initial conditions [Seite 27]
12.1.3 - 1.1.3 Revising literature in quest of accounts of transformation models [Seite 27]
12.1.4 - 1.1.4 A stub of controverse on the possible endpoint of CEEC transition [Seite 31]
12.2 - 1.2 Economic and general conditions in late communist Poland and Ukraine, activity of protest movements in the pre-transition period [Seite 32]
12.3 - 1.3 The rapid breakdown of a decade-long morbid economic system - Soviet trade shock of 1989 - 91 [Seite 34]
12.4 - 1.4 Link between economic growth and uneven initial conditions among CEEC [Seite 35]
12.5 - 1.5 Gradualism versus Big Bang [Seite 37]
12.6 - 1.6 General socio-economic facts of Pl and Uk today compared to 1990/91 [Seite 39]
12.6.1 - 1.6.1 Balance sheet line of Poland´s evolution in economy and politics since the previous midgenerational timespan passed [Seite 39]
12.6.2 - 1.6.2 Frame data sketching Ukraine´s econo-political transition [Seite 44]
13 - 2 [Seite 2 ]
Theoretical contemplations of the NC notion: literature review, discussion - 50 [Seite 50]
13.1 - 2.1 A glimpse on cultural definitions as embrace of NC and NI [Seite 50]
13.2 - 2.2 The notion of nation as theoretical agars for the subsequent NI discussion [Seite 50]
13.3 - 2.3 Immersion in the realm of national culture by theoretical ancillary constructions [Seite 52]
13.3.1 - 2.3.1 Presentation of definitions [Seite 52]
13.3.2 - 2.3.2 Description of cultural models [Seite 54]
13.4 - 2.4 Comments on selected definitions and models of national culture definitions [Seite 57]
13.4.1 - 2.4.1 Analysis of the regarded NI definitions in respect of utility for transformation studies [Seite 57]
13.4.2 - 2.4.2 Exploitation of stated NC models as preparation of following dimension processing [Seite 61]
14 - 3 [Seite 3 ]
Integration of NC traits extracted from selected models - 68 [Seite 68]
14.1 - 3.1 Gathering and listing of suitable model elements [Seite 68]
14.2 - 3.2 Intermediate grouping in the attempt to establish model frame and content [Seite 68]
14.3 - 3.3 Extraction of a generic term for the distinct NC model layers [Seite 69]
15 - 4 Main features of Polish and Ukrainian national identity, its occurrence nowadays, bi-national comparison and role in the countries` process of European harmonisation [Seite 70]
15.1 - 4.1 Principal human questions vested in the notion of national identity, cohesion to thedomain of national culture [Seite 70]
15.2 - 4.2 Generation and evolution of Polish national identity through its millenarian history [Seite 71]
15.3 - 4.3 Facets of disturbances overcome by Polish collective consciousness under communism [Seite 74]
15.3.1 - 4.3.1 Posing the general quesiton whether and if so to what extent Polish NI, esp. Catholicism, was affected during the socialist era [Seite 74]
15.3.2 - 4.3.2 Reaction of the overall Polish national consciousness to Soviet exertion of influence on postwar Poland [Seite 75]
15.4 - 4.4 Material and mental novelties flooding the pool of Polish self- and foreign concept and public`s general and microculture-dependent reply thereon [Seite 76]
15.5 - 4.5 Poles` self-comprehension as EU member state and harsh realities ordinary citizens and their representatives during accession negotiations [Seite 77]
15.6 - 4.6 Repercussions of western winds of adversity on the 2003 adhesion referendum, satisfaction with the events of May 1st, 2004 [Seite 78]
15.7 - 4.7 Conclusive remarks on Poland's NI-dyed convergence process in the field of tension of popular patrimony, party initiatives, religion, social cleavages and foreign influences [Seite 79]
15.8 - 4.8 Sketch of generation and formation of Ukraine's national identity with focus on the turbulence spilling over in the 19th and 20 century [Seite 81]
15.9 - 4.9 Disorientations, uncertainties and new alignment after the marginalisation of Marxist doctrines in 1991 [Seite 83]
15.10 - 4.10 A threefold set of examples provided to outline Ukrainians´ deal with the subject of EU engagement [Seite 84]
15.11 - 4.11 Negotiations of candidacy between Kiev and Brussels - a long decade of unilateral advancements [Seite 85]
15.12 - 4.12 Comparison of nature and effect of NI in Poland and Ukraine [Seite 86]
16 - 5 Theoretical précis of the Basic Human Need subject, draft of respective consumers` need topology based upon of suitable advertising cases [Seite 89]
16.1 - 5.1 Elusive touch of the cause-effect problem between BHN and NC [Seite 89]
16.2 - 5.2 Definitions of human needs [Seite 89]
16.3 - 5.3 Human needs models composed by basic and progressive aspirative level [Seite 90]
16.3.1 - 5.3.1 Maslow`s pyramidal of human needs, extensions and criticism [Seite 90]
16.3.2 - 5.3.2 Sites´ suggestion of primary and derivative needs in relation to the Maslow model [Seite 92]
16.3.3 - 5.3.3 Hertnon`s (2/2) BHN matrix and multi-sector spiral depiction [Seite 93]
16.4 - 5.4 Additional contributions, behavioural extension of the BHN concept [Seite 94]
16.4.1 - 5.4.1 Nussbaum`s ten-point compilation of human aspirations [Seite 94]
16.4.2 - 5.4.2 Discussion of Knemeyer`s model of human state and behaviour [Seite 95]
16.4.3 - 5.4.3 General conjunction between BHN and customer behaviour [Seite 96]
16.5 - 5.5 Criticism of ordinal and enumerative BHN approaches, question of universality resp.cultural embrace à la Marker [Seite 97]
16.6 - 5.6 Interpretation of style and message in advertising and the mass clientèle's reaction thereon for selected durable and non-durable consumer goods in respect of basic human needs [Seite 98]
16.6.1 - 5.6.1 Weaving a connection between the BHN concept and marketing, esp. promotion [Seite 98]
16.6.2 - 5.6.2 The situation in Poland [Seite 100]
16.6.3 - 5.6.3 The situation in Ukraine [Seite 116]
16.7 - 5.7 Quintessence of dominating BHN in Polish and Ukrainian advertising paysage after the turnaround of 1991 [Seite 129]
17 - 6 Polish and Ukrainian national values and their traceability incustoms of business ownership and the complexion of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises [Seite 130]
17.1 - 6.1 Elucidation of motives to tie the BV/NV domain to the field of entrepreneurship [Seite 130]
17.2 - 6.2 Definitions and classifications of SME and entrepreneurship, semantic connection and functions for economy [Seite 130]
17.2.1 - 6.2.1 Semantic enlargement of the entrepreneurship notion since the 18th century - a glance at younger history and the focus of diverse social sciences [Seite 132]
17.2.2 - 6.2.2 Contemporary visages of entrepreneurship in the tradition of the "X as Y" scheme [Seite 134]
17.3 - 6.3 Empirical analyses and theoretical reasonings concerning motivations to open up a business [Seite 136]
17.3.1 - 6.3.1 Enumeration of approaches for corporate founding research [Seite 136]
17.4 - 6.4 Sketch of private businessmen's situation and their competitive mentality under communist centralized economy, repercussions to business venture in CEE along the transition phases [Seite 148]
17.5 - 6.5 Establishing the theoretical linkage between the notion of entrepreneurship and human values [Seite 152]
17.5.1 - 6.5.1 Bouncken`s et al. contribution on young entrepreneurs` activity in Poland and Germany, following half of Hofstede`s cultural dimensions [Seite 152]
17.5.2 - 6.5.2 Wenneker`s et al. regression series on uncertainty avoidance`s influence on the rate of business ownership [Seite 154]
17.6 - 6.6 Collection of characteristics of entrepreneurs and their actions, attempt to interpret these particularities with the toolbox of Dyczewski`s Polish national value listing [Seite 157]
17.6.1 - 6.6.1 Introductive key data on the situation of private business in the pre- and early post transitionperiod [Seite 157]
17.6.2 - 6.6.2 Changes of the legal framework envisaging to create a more entrepreneurship-friendly climate [Seite 160]
17.6.3 - 6.6.3 Family, kin and friends as microcultures Polish private enterprises` lifecycle is commonly incorporated to [Seite 161]
17.6.4 - 6.6.4 Darnell`s idea of the Christian entrepreneur transferred to a brief reasoning on religion as determinant for startups in Poland [Seite 164]
17.7 - 6.7 Reflections on the dependence of Ukrainian entrepreneurship particularities on Ray`s selection of traditional and communism-related national values [Seite 168]
17.7.1 - 6.7.1 Covered in the deepest shadow of the Kremlin towers: Circumstances of non-state-owned establishments in the former Ukrainian SSR [Seite 168]
17.7.2 - 6.7.2 Basic facts on the Ukrainian micro-enterprise sector, evolution manifestations between 1991and 2004 [Seite 170]
17.7.3 - 6.7.3 Assessment whether the worldview of life`s dirty rules is still effective within modern Ukrainian business owners [Seite 171]
17.7.4 - 6.7.4 Creativity and skill of independent thinking, neglected by state order under communism, reassessed under the light of patent application activity in recent years [Seite 177]
17.7.5 - 6.7.5 Paragraph explaining why the author dared to omitt the treatment of Orthodox faith in Ukraine connected to entrepreneurship characteristics [Seite 182]
17.8 - 6.8 Verification of hypothesis 4 and brief comparison of interdependences between national values and entrepreneurship in Poland and Ukraine [Seite 182]
18 - Conclusion [Seite 184]
19 - Annex [Seite 187]
20 - List of paper and report references [Seite 230]
21 - Directory of book-based sources [Seite 260]
22 - Registry of online sources [Seite 269]

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