Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils, Sediments and Groundwater

Name: Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for Polluted Soils, Sediments and Groundwater
Brand: Wiley
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Krishna R. Reddy Claudio Cameselle(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

Erschienen am 11. August 2009

544 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
ELECTROCHEMICAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLLUTED SOILS, SEDIMENTS AND GROUNDWATER
CONTENTS
PREFACE
CONTRIBUTORS
PART I Introduction and Basic Principles
1 Overview of Electrochemical Remediation Technologies
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Electrochemical Technologies for Site Remediation
1.3. Electrochemical Transport, Transfer, and Transformation Processes
1.4. Electrochemical Removal of Inorganic Pollutants
1.5. Electrochemical Removal of Organic Pollutants
1.6. Electrochemical Removal of Contaminant Mixtures
1.7. Special Considerations in Remediating Polluted Sediments
1.8. Electrokinetic Barriers for Pollution Containment
1.9. Coupled (or Integrated) Electrochemical Remediation Technologies
1.10. Mathematical Modeling of Electrochemical Remediation
1.11. Economic and Regulatory Considerations
1.12. Field Applications and Lessons Learned
1.13. Future Directions
References
2 Electrochemical Transport and Transformations
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Overview
2.3. Electrochemical Transport in Bulk Fluid
2.4. Electrochemical Transport in Clays in the Direction of Applied Electric Field
2.5. Electrochemical Transformations
2.6. Summary
References
3 Geochemical Processes Affecting Electrochemical Remediation
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Soil-Fluid-Chemical System as Active Electrochemical System
3.3. Generation of pH Gradient
3.4. Change of Zeta Potential of Soil Particle Surfaces
3.5. Change in Direction of Electroosmotic Flow
3.6. Sorption and Desorption of Contaminants onto/from Soil Particle Surfaces
3.7. Buffer Capacity of Soil
3.8. Complexation
3.9. Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
3.10. Interactions of Geochemical Processes
3.11. Summary
References
PART II Remediation of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Pollutants
4 Electrokinetic Removal of Heavy Metals
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Principle of EK Removal of Heavy Metals from Soils
4.3. Heavy Metal and Soil Type
4.4. Enhancement Methods
4.5. Remediation of Mine Tailings, Ashes, Sediments, and Sludge
4.6. Summary
References
5 Electrokinetic Removal of Radionuclides
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Electrokinetic Localization of Radioactive Nuclide Pollution
5.3. Electrokinetic Cleaning of Ground from Radioactive Nuclides
5.4. Summary
References
6 Electrokinetic Removal of Nitrate and Fluoride
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Pollution and Health Effects of Anionic Pollutants
6.3. Removal of Anionic Pollutants by Electrokinetics
6.4. Summary
References
7 Electrokinetic Treatment of Contaminated Marine Sediments
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Contaminated Sediment Treatment Options
7.3. Electrokinetic Treatment of Sediments
7.4. Case Study: Tests on Electrokinetic Remediation of Sea Harbor Sediments
7.5. Summary
References
8 Electrokinetic Stabilization of Chromium (VI)-Contaminated Soils
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Materials and Methods
8.3. Experimental Results
8.4. Discussion
8.5. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
PART III Remediation of Organic Pollutants
9 Electrokinetic Removal of PAHs
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Backgrounds
9.3. Electrokinetic Removal of PAHs Using Facilitating Agents
9.4. Summary
References
10 Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
10.3. Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorophenols
10.4. Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorobenzenes
10.5. Summary
References
11 Electrokinetic Transport of Chlorinated Organic Pesticides
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorinated Pesticides
11.3. Surfactant-Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Chlorinated Pesticides
11.4. Cosolvent-Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Chlorinated Pesticides
11.5. Summary
References
12 Electrokinetic Removal of Herbicides from Soils
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Herbicides
12.3. Case Study
12.4. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
13 Electrokinetic Removal of Energetic Compounds
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Chemistry of Clay-Energetic Compound Complexes
13.3. Remediation Strategies
13.4. Electrokinetics to Enhance Remediation Strategies
13.5. Summary
References
PART IV Remediation of Mixed Contaminants
14 Electrokinetic Remediation of Mixed Metal Contaminants
14.1. Introduction
14.2. General Principle for Mixed Metal Contaminants
14.3. Representative Studies on Electrokinetic Remediation of Mixed Heavy Metals
14.4. Specific Insight for Removal of Mixed Heavy Metals, Including Cr, As, and Hg
14.5. Summary
References
15 Electrokinetic Remediation of Mixed Metals and Organic Contaminants
15.1. Challenge in Remediation of Mixed Contaminated Soils
15.2. Application of Electrokinetic Phenomena to the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Soils
15.3. Summary
References
PART V Electrokinetic Barriers
16 Electrokinetic Barriers for Preventing Groundwater Pollution
16.1. Introduction
16.2. History of Electrokinetic Barrier Development
16.3. Recent Studies
16.4. Use With Other Technologies
16.5. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
17 Electrokinetic Biofences
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Application in the Field
17.3. Case Study
17.4. Summary
Reference
PART VI Integrated (Coupled) Technologies
18 Coupling Electrokinetics to the Bioremediation of Organic Contaminants: Principles and Fundamental Interactions
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Principles and Fundamental Interactions of Electrobioremediation
18.3. Research Needs
Acknowledgments
References
19 Coupled Electrokinetic-Bioremediation: Applied Aspects
19.1. Bioremediation of Soils
19.2. Combination of Electrokinetics and Bioremediation
19.3. Practical Considerations and Limitations for Coupled Bio-Electro Processes
19.4. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
20 Influence of Coupled Electrokinetic-Phytoremediation on Soil Remediation
20.1. Soil Contamination: Legislation
20.2. What is the Limit of the Remediation? Soil Recovery
20.3. Influence of the Electrokinetic Technology on Soil Properties
20.4. Phytoremediation
20.5. Use of the Electrokinetic Process to Improve Phytoremediation
20.6. Phytoremediation after Electrokinetic Process
20.7. Summary
References
21 Electrokinetic-Chemical Oxidation/Reduction
21.1. Introduction
21.2. General Principles
21.3. Representative Studies
21.4. Electrokinetic Treatment Coupled with Injection of Nanomaterials
21.5. Prospective
References
22 Electrosynthesis of Oxidants and Their Electrokinetic Distribution
22.1. Oxidants for Soil Remediation
22.2. Production of Oxidants
22.3. Distribution of Oxidants
References
23 Coupled Electrokinetic-Permeable Reactive Barriers
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Design of Reactive Barrier in the EK-PRB Process
23.3. Implementation of EK-PRB to Polluted Soil
23.4. Perspectives
References
24 Coupled Electrokinetic-Thermal Desorption
24.1. Fundamental Principles
24.2. Thermal Principles
24.3. Physical and Chemical Principles
24.4. Fluid and Energy Transport
24.5. Hydraulic Principles
24.6. Biological Processes at Elevated Temperatures
24.7. Summary
References
PART VII Mathematical Modeling
25 Electrokinetic Modeling of Heavy Metals
25.1. Introduction
25.2. One-Dimensional EKR Simple Model
25.3. Two-Dimensional Model
Notation
References
26 Electrokinetic Barriers: Modeling and Validation
26.1. Introduction
26.2. Electrokinetic Phenomena
26.3. Direct and Coupled Flow and Transport of Ions
26.4. Model Development
26.5. Model Validation
26.6. Field Application Scenarios
26.7. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
PART VIII Economic and Regulatory Considerations
27 Cost Estimates for Electrokinetic Remediation
27.1. Introduction
27.2. Cost Factors
27.3. Cost Breakdown
27.4. Summary
References
28 Regulatory Aspects of Implementing Electrokinetic Remediation
28.1. Introduction
28.2. Overview of Environmental Regulation in the USA
28.3. Regulatory Considerations for Implementing Electrokinetic Remediation
28.4. Summary
References
PART IX Field Applications and Performance Assessment
29 Field Applications of Electrokinetic Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals
29.1. Introduction
29.2. Description of Processes Involved in Field Applications
29.3. Electrokinetic Remediation Setup in Field Applications
29.4. Outcome of Field-Scale Experiments
29.5. Factors that Limit the Applicability of Electrokinetic Technology
29.6. Prerequisites and Site Information Needed
29.7. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Technology
29.8. Summary
References
30 Field Studies: Organic-Contaminated Soil Remediation with Lasagna Technology
30.1. Introduction
30.2. Field Implementation Considerations
30.3. Case Studies
30.4. Summary and Future Activities
References
31 Coupled Electrokinetic PRB for Remediation of Metals in Groundwater
31.1. Introduction
31.2. Electrokinetic (EK) Extraction System
31.3. Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) System
31.4. Combined System of Electrokinetics and Permeable Reactive Barrier
31.5. Field Application
31.6. Summary
References
32 Field Studies on Sediment Remediation
32.1. Introduction
32.2. Background on the Need for Remediation and the Duluth Project
32.3. What is ECGO Technology?
32.4. The Remediation of Minnesota Slip Sediments at the Erie Pier CDF in Duluth, Minnesota
32.5. Summary
References
33 Experiences With Field Applications of Electrokinetic Remediation
33.1. Introduction
33.2. ER
33.3. Investigation and Design of ER
33.4. Some Project Results
33.5. Summary
INDEX

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