Salience in Sociolinguistics

1 - Acknowledgements [Seite 9]
2 - List of figures [Seite 14]
3 - List of tables [Seite 15]
4 - 1 Preliminaries [Seite 17]
4.1 - 1.1 Salience and linguistic variation [Seite 18]
4.1.1 - 1.1.1 Lexical reference and social indexation [Seite 18]
4.1.2 - 1.1.2 Concepts and notations [Seite 24]
4.1.3 - 1.1.3 Salience as low probability [Seite 24]
4.2 - 1.2 Structure of the book [Seite 27]
4.2.1 - 1.2.1 Methodology [Seite 27]
4.2.2 - 1.2.2 Chapter structure [Seite 29]
4.2.3 - 1.2.3 The case studies [Seite 32]
4.3 - 1.3 Concluding remarks [Seite 38]
5 - 2 Defining Salience [Seite 39]
5.1 - 2.1 Salience as a general term [Seite 39]
5.1.1 - 2.1.1 Salience in sociolinguistics [Seite 41]
5.1.2 - 2.1.2 Salience in visual cognition [Seite 47]
5.1.3 - 2.1.3 Selective attention in hearing [Seite 51]
5.2 - 2.2 Operationalising sociolinguistic salience [Seite 52]
5.2.1 - 2.2.1 Preliminaries [Seite 52]
5.2.2 - 2.2.2 Defining salience [Seite 53]
5.2.3 - 2.2.3 Exemplars and transitional probabilities [Seite 55]
5.3 - 2.3 Concluding remarks [Seite 59]
6 - 3 Methodology [Seite 61]
6.1 - 3.1 Cognitive salience: main assumptions and considerations [Seite 61]
6.2 - 3.2 Cognitive salience: further assumptions [Seite 63]
6.3 - 3.3 Step-by-step corpus editing [Seite 65]
6.4 - 3.4 Calculating transitional probabilities [Seite 68]
7 - 4 Definite Article Reduction [Seite 71]
7.1 - 4.1 Background [Seite 72]
7.1.1 - 4.1.1 Details of the process [Seite 72]
7.1.2 - 4.1.2 DAR as a salient variable [Seite 75]
7.2 - 4.2 Analysis [Seite 75]
7.2.1 - 4.2.1 Methods [Seite 75]
7.2.2 - 4.2.2 Salience from token frequency [Seite 76]
7.2.3 - 4.2.3 Salience from transitional probability [Seite 78]
7.2.4 - 4.2.4 Further arguments for phonotactic distinctiveness [Seite 80]
7.3 - 4.3 Concluding remarks [Seite 84]
8 - 5 Glottalisation in the South of England [Seite 87]
8.1 - 5.1 Background [Seite 88]
8.1.1 - 5.1.1 Two recent studies [Seite 88]
8.1.2 - 5.1.2 Salience and glottalisation [Seite 92]
8.2 - 5.2 Analysis [Seite 93]
8.2.1 - 5.2.1 Methods [Seite 94]
8.2.2 - 5.2.2 The London-Lund Corpus [Seite 95]
8.2.3 - 5.2.3 The Spoken Corpus of Adolescent London English [Seite 97]
8.2.4 - 5.2.4 Modelling results [Seite 99]
8.3 - 5.3 Concluding remarks [Seite 103]
9 - 6 Hiatus resolution in Hungarian [Seite 105]
9.1 - 6.1 Background [Seite 105]
9.1.1 - 6.1.1 The perception of hiatus resolution: Methods [Seite 108]
9.1.2 - 6.1.2 The perception of hiatus resolution: Results [Seite 109]
9.1.3 - 6.1.3 Hiatus resolution and naïve linguistic awareness [Seite 112]
9.2 - 6.2 Analysis [Seite 113]
9.2.1 - 6.2.1 Corpus results [Seite 113]
9.2.2 - 6.2.2 Main points [Seite 115]
9.3 - 6.3 Concluding remarks [Seite 116]
10 - 7 Derhoticisation in Glasgow [Seite 117]
10.1 - 7.1 Background [Seite 117]
10.1.1 - 7.1.1 Social stratification and social awareness [Seite 118]
10.1.2 - 7.1.2 Derhoticisation in Glasgow [Seite 120]
10.1.3 - 7.1.3 /r/ in Glasgow [Seite 121]
10.1.4 - 7.1.4 Studies on coda /r/ [Seite 130]
10.1.5 - 7.1.5 Interim Summary [Seite 135]
10.2 - 7.2 Analysis [Seite 137]
10.2.1 - 7.2.1 The FRED study [Seite 137]
10.2.2 - 7.2.2 Transitional probabilities in coda /r/ realisation [Seite 139]
10.3 - 7.3 Concluding remarks [Seite 142]
10.4 - 7.4 The operationalisation and relevance of salience [Seite 144]
11 - 8 Salience and models of the lexicon [Seite 145]
11.1 - 8.1 The relevance of salience [Seite 145]
11.2 - 8.2 The duality of patterning [Seite 147]
11.3 - 8.3 Modelling, phonetic variation and indexation [Seite 148]
11.4 - 8.4 Summary [Seite 151]
12 - 9 Salience and language change [Seite 153]
12.1 - 9.1 Speaker indexation in sound change [Seite 154]
12.1.1 - 9.1.1 Approaches to speaker indexation [Seite 154]
12.1.2 - 9.1.2 Simulations on the role of indexation [Seite 156]
12.2 - 9.2 Salience in the propagation of a change [Seite 161]
12.2.1 - 9.2.1 Glottalisation in England [Seite 161]
12.2.2 - 9.2.2 Derhoticisation in Scotland [Seite 163]
12.3 - 9.3 Concluding remarks [Seite 164]
13 - 10 Conclusions [Seite 165]
13.1 - 10.1 The source of salience [Seite 165]
13.1.1 - 10.1.1 From cognitive properties to language use [Seite 165]
13.1.2 - 10.1.2 Consequences for phonological modelling [Seite 167]
13.2 - 10.2 The predictability of salience [Seite 168]
13.2.1 - 10.2.1 Types of phonological change [Seite 169]
13.2.2 - 10.2.2 Consonants and vowels [Seite 170]
13.2.3 - 10.2.3 Overview [Seite 171]
13.3 - 10.3 Concluding remarks [Seite 171]
14 - Bibliography [Seite 173]
15 - Index [Seite 181]