The Prostaglandins

1 Introduction.- 2 Chemistry.- I. Introduction.- II. Structural and Chemical Features of the Prostaglandins.- III. Approaches to Prostanoic Acids.- IV. Total Syntheses of Natural Prostaglandins.- V. Prostaglandin Analogues.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 3 Biosynthesis.- I. Introduction.- II. Assay of Prostaglandin Synthetase.- III. Cofactor Requirements.- IV. Mechanism of Reaction.- V. Enzyme Purification.- VI. Conclusion.- References.- 4 Autonomic Neurotransmission.- I. Introduction.- II. Action on Sympathetic Neuroeffector Transmission.- III. Action on Parasympathetic Neuroeffector Transmission.- IV. Action on Ganglionic Transmission.- V. Analysis of Prostaglandin Action on Autonomic Neurotransmission.- VI. Prostaglandin-Induced Feedback Control of Sympathetic Neuroeffector Transmission.- VII. Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 5 Renal Homeostasis and the Hypertensive State: A Unifying Hypothesis.- I. Introduction.- II. The Antihypertensive Renal Function.- III. Chemistry of the Renomedullary Prostaglandins.- IV. Cardiovascular Effects of Prostaglandins in Animals.- V. Renal Effects of Prostaglandins.- VI. Vasodepressor Effects of Prostaglandins in Normotensive Human Subjects.- VII. Antihypertensive Effects of PGA2 in Human Essential Hypertension.- VIII. Antihypertensive and Natriuretic Effect of PGA1 in Patients with Essential Hypertension.- IX. A Possible Physiological Role of Renomedullary Prostaglandins as Natriuretic and Antihypertensive Hormones.- X. A Unifying Hypothesis.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 6 Skin.- I. Introduction.- II. General Features of Normal and Diseased Skin.- III. The Normal Skin.- IV. Diseases of the Skin.- V. Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 7 Lungs.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandins and Respiratory Smooth Muscle.- III. Prostaglandin A1.- IV. E-Series Prostaglandins.- V. F-Series Prostaglandins.- VI. The Effects of Prostaglandins on Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle.- VII. Respiratory Effects of Prostaglandin E1.- VIII. Prostaglandin Metabolism and the Lungs.- IX. The Role of Prostaglandins in Anaphylaxis and Control of Bronchial Muscle Tone.- X. Prostaglandins, Bronchospasm, and Analgesics.- XI. The Role of Prostaglandins in the Physiology of the Lung.- XII. Conclusion.- References.- 8 Ocular Effects.- I. Introduction.- II. The Presence of Prostaglandins in the Eye.- III. Effect of Prostaglandins on Aqueous Humor Dynamics.- IV. Antagonism of the Inflammatory Effects of Prostaglandins on the Eye.- V. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 9 Cardiovascular Actions.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure-Activity Relationship.- III. Vascular Smooth Muscle and Microcirculation.- IV. Myocardial Contractility and Cardiodynamics.- V. Heart Rate.- VI. Systemic Circulation-Systemic Arterial Pressure, Cardiac Output, and Total Peripheral Resistance.- VII. Systemic Venous Return.- VIII. Pulmonary Circulation.- IX. Coronary Circulation and Myocardial Metabolism.- X. Splanchnic, Hepatic, and Portal Circulations.- XI. Splenic Circulation.- XII. Gastric Circulation.- XIII. Renal Circulation.- XIV. Carotid and Cerebral Circulations.- XV. Ovarian, Uterine, and Placental Circulations.- XVI. Extremity Circulation.- XVII. Skin Circulation.- XVIII. Nasal Circulation.- XIX. Interaction Between Prostaglandins and Catecholamines or Other Vasoactive Agents.- XX. Prostaglandin Inhibitors.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 10 Lipid Metabolism.- I. Introduction.- II. Lipid Mobilization and Metabolism.- III. Diets and Prostaglandins.- IV. Conclusion.- References.- 11 TheHypothalamus-Pituitary-Endocrine System.- I. Hypothalamus and Pituitary.- II. Endocrine Glands.- III. Summary.- References.- 12 Gonadal Function.- I. Introduction.- II. Ovary.- III. Testis.- IV. Summary.- References.- 13 Clinical Use of Prostaglandins in Reproduction.- I. Introduction.- II. Induction of Labor.- III. Induction of Abortion.- IV. Summary.- References.