Integrated Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering

Name: Integrated Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering
Brand: Wiley-Scrivener
Price: 164.99 EUR
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Murugan Ramalingam Ziyad Haidar Seeram Ramakrishna Hisatoshi Kobayashi Youssef Haikel(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Scrivener (Verlag)

Erschienen am 4. April 2012

324 Seiten

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978-1-118-37119-0 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Integrated Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
1. Protocols for Biomaterial Scaffold Fabrication
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scaffolding Materials
1.2.1 Naturally Derived Materials
1.2.2 Scaffolds Based on Synthetic Polymers
1.3 Techniques for Biomaterial Scaffolds Fabrication
1.3.1 Solvent Casting
1.3.2 Salt-leaching
1.3.3 Gas Foaming
1.3.4 Phase Separation
1.3.5 Electrospinning
1.3.6 Self-assembly
1.3.7 Rapid Prototyping
1.3.8 Membrane Lamination
1.3.9 Freeze Drying
1.4 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
2. Ceramic Scaffolds, Current Issues and Future Trends
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Essential Properties and Current Problems of Ceramic Scaffolds
2.3 Approaches to Overcome Ceramic Scaffolds Issues for the Next Generation of Scaffolds
2.4 Silk - a Bioactive Material
2.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
Acknowledgements
References
3. Preparation of Porous Scaffolds from Ice Particulate Templates for Tissue Engineering
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Preparation of Porous Scaffolds Using Ice Particulates as Porogens
3.3 Preparation of Funnel-like Porous Scaffolds Using Embossed Ice Particulate Templates
3.3.1 Overview of Protocol
3.3.2 Preparation of Funnel-like Collagen Sponges
3.3.3 Preparation of Funnel-like Chitosan Sponges
3.3.4 Preparation of Funnel-like Hyaluronic Acid Sponges
3.3.5 Preparation of Funnel-like Collagen-glycosaminoglycan Sponges
3.4 Application of Funnel-like Porous Scaffolds in Three-dimensional Cell Culture
3.5 Application of Funnel-like Collagen Sponges in Cartilage Tissue Engineering
3.6 Summary
References
4. Fabrication of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Using the Emulsion Freezing/Freeze-drying Technique and Characteristics of the Scaffolds
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
4.3 Fabrication Techniques for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
4.4 Fabrication of Pure Polymer Scaffolds via Emulsion Freezing/Freeze-drying and Characteristics of the Scaffolds
4.5 Fabrication of Polymer Blend Scaffolds via Emulsion Freezing/Freeze-drying and Characteristics of the Scaffolds
4.6 Fabrication of Nanocomposite Scaffolds via Emulsion Freezing/Freeze-drying and Characteristics of the Scaffolds
4.7 Surface Modification for PHBV-based Scaffolds
4.8 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
5. Electrospun Nanofiber and Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Biodegradable Materials for Tissue Engineering
5.3 Nanofibrous Scaffolds
5.3.1 Technologies to Fabricate Nanofibers
5.3.2 In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Nanofibrous Scaffold
5.4 Stem Cells: A Potential Tool for Tissue Engineering
5.4.1 Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration
5.4.2 Effect of Stem Cells on Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds
5.5 Prospects
Acknowledgement
References
6. Materials at the Interface Tissue-Implant
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Description of the Tissue-Implant Interface
6.3 Expected Function of the Materials at the Interface and their Evaluation and Selection
6.3.1 General Purpose Non-biological Materials
6.3.2 General Purpose Natural Materials and Biopolymers
6.3.3 Other Regenerative Biomaterials and Techniques
6.3.4 Future Approaches
6.4 Experimental Techniques for the Tissue-Implant Interface
6.5 Conclusion
References
7. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
7.2.1 Self-renewal of MSCs
7.2.2 Heterogeneity of MSCs
7.2.3 MSCs from Different Types of Tissues
7.2.4 MSCs, Progenitor Cells and Precursor Cells
7.2.5 Differentiation Potential of MSCs
7.2.6 Dedifferentiation and Transdifferentiation of hMSCs
7.3 Understanding the Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
7.3.1 Integrins and Their Role in Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
7.3.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Niche
7.3.3 Immunomodulatory Effect of MSCs
7.4 Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Culture
7.4.1 Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Isolation
7.4.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Expansion
7.4.3 Media for Inducing Osteogenic Differentiation in MSCs
7.5 Characterization of MSCs
7.5.1 Microscopy Techniques
7.5.2 Differentiation and Cell Proliferation Assays for MSCs
7.6 MSCs in Bone Remodeling, Fracture Repair and Their Use in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
7.7 Influence of External Stimuli on MSC Behavior
7.7.1 Role of Mechanical Stimulus on hMSCs
7.7.2 Role of Electrical Stimulus on MSCs
7.8 Perspectives on Future of hMSCs in Tissue Engineering
References
8. Endochondral Bone Tissue Engineering
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells
8.2.1 Tissue Engineering
8.2.2 Stem Cells
8.2.3 Bone Tissue Engineering
8.2.4 Bone Tissue Engineering via the Endochondral Pathway
8.3 Scaffolds
8.3.1 General Requirements of Scaffolds
8.3.2 Scaffolds for Endochondral Tissue Engineering
8.3.2.1 Hydrogels
8.3.2.2 Synthetic Polymer Woven Structure
8.3.2.3 Calcium Phosphate (CaP) Ceramics
8.4 Summary
References
9. Principles, Applications, and Technology of Craniofacial Bone Engineering
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Anatomy and Physiology of Craniofacial Bone
9.1.2 Functional Characteristics of Craniofacial Tissues
9.1.2.1 Bone Strength
9.1.2.2 Effect of Forces
9.1.2.3 Angiogenesis in Bone Physiology
9.1.3 Prevalence of Craniofacial Congenital Anomalies and Acquired Defects
9.1.3.1 Congenital Anomalies
9.1.3.2 Acquired Defects
9.2 Road Map for the Application of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration
9.2.1 Vascularization and Its Strategies
9.3 Stem Cell-based Craniofacial Bone Engineering
9.3.1 The Stem Cell Concept: Recreating the Local Tissue Microenvironment
9.3.2 Applied Stem Cell-based Craniofacial Bone Engineering
9.3.3 Additional Viable Stem Cell Sources for Craniofacial Bone Engineering
9.4 Biomaterial-based Therapy in Craniofacial Bone Engineering
9.4.1 Surface Biomimetism
9.5 Principles of Imaging in Craniofacial Bone Regeneration
9.5.1 Modeling of, Preparation for, and Planning Tissue Engineering
9.5.2 Image Guided Design
9.5.3 Follow-up and Assessment
9.5.4 Medical Imaging Techniques for Craniofacial Bone Engineering
9.5.4.1 Plain X-rays
9.5.4.2 Computed Tomography (CT)-based Methods
9.5.4.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
9.5.4.4 Future Methods: High Frequency Ultrasound Imaging
9.6 Current Clinical Application and Future Direction in the Field of Craniofacial Bone Engineering
9.6.1 Current Treatments of Bone Defects
9.6.2 Modern Treatment of Bone Defects
9.6.3 Some Examples of Tissue Engineering Materials and Clinical Trials
9.7 Future Prospects
9.8 Economics and Marketing
9.9 Conclusions
References
10. Functionally-Graded Biomimetic Vascular Grafts for Enhanced Tissue Regeneration and Bio-integration
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Approaches in Vascular Tissue Engineering
10.3 Nanostructured Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering
10.3.1 Electrospinning for Producing ECM-like Fibers
10.3.2 Biomimetic Electrospun Vascular Scaffolds
10.4 Functionally-Graded Tubular Scaffolds
10.4.1 Graded-Tissue Design in Native Vessels
10.4.1.1 Biomimetic Multi-layered Tubular Scaffolds
10.4.1.2 Mechanical Properties of Trilayered Tubular Grafts
10.4.2 Biodegradation Characteristics of Trilayered Grafts
10.4.3 In Vitro Cell Interactions and In Vivo Performance
10.5 Summary and Future Outlook
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations Used
References
11. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors in Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Prospects for Therapeutic Angiogenesis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 VEGF and Angiogenesis
11.3 VEGF Family
11.4 VEGF Therapy
11.5 VEGF Delivery Systems
11.6 Soft versus Hard Tissues
11.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Index

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