Biomimetics

Name: Biomimetics | Advancing Nanobiomaterials and Tissue Engineering
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Advancing Nanobiomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Murugan Ramalingam Xiumei Wang Guoping Chen Peter Ma Fu-Zhai Cui(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Scrivener (Verlag)

Erschienen am 29. Juli 2013

384 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 Biomimetic Polysaccharides and Derivatives for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Strategies for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
1.3 Designing Scaffold for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
1.4 Natural Polysaccharides for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
1.4.1 Chitin and Chitosan (CS)-based Materials
1.4.2 HA-based Materials
1.4.3 Alginate-based Materials
1.4.4 Starch-based Materials
1.4.5 Cellulose-based Materials
1.5 Conclusions and Remarks on Prospects
References
2 Biomimetic Synthesis of Self-Assembled Mineralized Collagen-Based Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Hierarchical Assembly of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils in Natural Bone
2.2.1 Panorama of Natural Bone
2.2.1.1 Chemical Composition of Bone
2.2.1.2 Hierarchical Organization of Natural Human Bone
2.2.2 Self-Assembly of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils in Nature
2.2.2.1 Collagen and Collagen Fibrils Array
2.2.2.2 Structural Organization of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils
2.2.2.3 Examples of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils in Natural Tissues
2.3 Biomimetic Synthesis of Self-Assembled Mineralized Fibrils
2.3.1 In Vitro Self-Assembly of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils
2.3.2 In Vitro Self-Assembly of Mineralized Recombinant Collagen Fibrils
2.3.3 In Vitro Self-Assembly of Mineralized Silk Fibroin Fibrils
2.3.4 In Vitro Self-Assembly of Mineralized Peptide-Amphiphilic Nanofibers
2.4 Applications of Mineralized Collagen-based Composites for Bone Regeneration
2.4.1 Fabrication of Nano-HA/Collagen-based Composites
2.4.1.1 Three-Dimensional Biomimetic Bone Scaffolds: Nano-HA/Collagen/PLA Composite (nHAC/PLA)
2.4.1.2 Injectable Bone Cement: Nano-HA/Collagen/Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (nHAC/CSH)
2.4.2 Functional Improvements of Mineralized Collagen-based Composites
2.4.3 Examples of Animal Models and Clinical Applications
2.5 Concluding Remarks
References
3 Biomimetic Mineralization of Hydrogel Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Incorporation of Inorganic Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles into Hydrogels
3.2.1 Inorganic Nanoparticles
3.2.2 Hydrogel Composites Based on Natural Polymer Matrices
3.2.3 Hydrogel Composites Based on Synthetic Polymer Matrices
3.3 Biomimetic Mineralization in Calcium and/or Phosphate-Containing Solutions
3.3.1 Soaking in Solutions Containing Calcium and Phosphate Ions
3.3.2 In Situ Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite
3.4 Enzymatically-Induced Mineralization Using Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
3.4.1 ALP-Induced Hydrogel Mineralization for Fundamental Research
3.4.2 Enyzmatic Mineralization for Bone Regeneration Applications
3.4.3 ALP Entrapment
3.5 Enhancement of Hydrogel Mineralization Using Biomacromolecules
3.5.1 Systems to Test Mineralization-Inducing Potential of Biomacromolecules
3.5.2 Biomacromolecule-Enhanced Mineralization for Bone Regeneration Applications
3.6 Conclusions
References
4 Biomimetic Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
4.1 Bone Tissue Engineering and Scaffold Design
4.1.1 Biomimetic Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
4.2 Self-Assembled Nanofiber Scaffolds
4.2.1 Fabrication and Physical Properties
4.2.2 Biological Properties of PA Scaffolds
4.2.3 Conclusions
4.3 Electrospun Scaffolds
4.3.1 Fabrication and Physical Properties
4.3.2 Biological Behavior of Electrospun Scaffolds
4.3.3 Conclusions
4.4 Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) Scaffolds
4.4.1 Fabrication and Physical Properties
4.4.2 Biological Behavior of TIPS Scaffolds
4.4.3 Conclusions
4.5 Overall Trends in Biomimetic Scaffold Design
References
5 Bioactive Polymers and Nanobiomaterials Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic 3D Polymer-Nanocomposites Scaffolds
5.2.1 Solvent Casting and Particulate Leaching
5.2.2 Melt Molding
5.2.3 Gas-Foaming Processes
5.2.4 Electrostatic Spinning
5.2.5 Microsphere Sintering
5.2.6 Rapid Prototyping
5.3 Nonbiodegradable Polymer and Nanocomposites
5.3.1 Polyethylene Nanocomposites
5.3.2 Polyamides Nanocomposites
5.3.3 Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) Nanocomposites
5.3.4 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Nanocomposites
5.4 Biodegradable Polymer and Nanocomposites
5.4.1 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers and Nanocomposites
5.4.1.1 Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites
5.4.1.2 Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) Nanocomposites
5.4.1.3 Polyglycolide and Poly(lactide-coglycolide) Nanocomposites
5.4.2 Natural Polysaccharide Nanocomposites
5.4.2.1 Chitin and Chitosan and Their Nanocomposites
5.4.2.2 Starch Nanocomposites
5.4.2.3 Cellulose Nanocomposites
5.5 Conclusions and Future Remarks
References
6 Strategy for a Biomimetic Paradigm in Dental and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biomimetics: Definition and Historical Background
6.2.1 Definition
6.2.2 Concept of Duplicating Nature
6.2.3 Strategies to Achieve Biomimetic Engineering
6.2.3.1 Physical Properties
6.2.3.2 Specific Chemical Signals from Peptide Epitopes Contained in a Wide Variety of Extracelluar Matrix Molecules
6.2.3.3 The Hierarchal Nanoscale Topography of Microenvironmental Adhesive Sites
6.3 Developmental Biology in Dental and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering: Biomimetics in Development and Growth (e.g. model of wound healing)
6.4 The Paradigm Shift in Tissue Engineering: Biomimetic Approaches to Stimulate Endogenous Repair and Regeneration
6.4.1 Harnessing Endogenous Repair via Mesenchymal Stem Cells
6.4.2 Inflammation, Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair
6.4.3 Biomimetic Model of Nature's Response to Injury?
6.5 Extracellular Matrix Nano-Biomimetics for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
6.5.1 Nanotechnology for Biomimetic Substrates
6.5.2 From Macro to Nano: Dentin-Pulp Organ Perspective
6.5.3 Nanotechnology for Engineering Craniofacial Mineralized Collagenous Structures
6.6 Biomimetic Surfaces, Implications for Dental and Craniofacial Regeneration
Biomaterial as Instructive Microenvironments
6.6.1 Biology of Osseointegration
6.6.2 Implant Surface Modification: Laser Micromachining and Biomimetic Coating
6.7 Angiogenesis, Vasculogenesis, and Inosculation for Life-Sustained Regenerative Therapy
The Platform for Biomimicry in Dental and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
6.7.1 Vascularization to Reach Biomimicry
A Prerequisite for Life Sustained Regeneration
6.7.2 Patterns of Construct Vascularization
6.7.2.1 Angiogenesis
6.7.2.2 Vasculogenesis
6.7.2.3 Inosculation
6.7.3 Biomimicry to Reach Vascularization
Simulating a Vascularizing Milieu
6.7.3.1 Scaffold Properties
6.7.3.2 Growth Factor Incorporation
6.7.3.3 Coculture Techniques
6.7.3.4 Creating Vascular Patterns
6.7.3.5 Back to Nature
6.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
7 Strategies to Prevent Bacterial Adhesion on Biomaterials
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells
7.2.1 Architecture of Bacterial Cell
7.2.2 Bacterial Growth Behavior In Vitro
7.2.3 Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation
7.2.4 Physicochemical Interactions between Bacteria and Surfaces
7.2.4.1 Factors Influencing Bacterial Adhesion
7.2.5 Synthetic Biomaterials with Microbial Resistance Property
7.2.5.1 Glass-Ceramics
7.2.5.2 HA-based Biocomposites with Bactericidal Property
7.2.5.3 Nanoparticles Treatment to Reduce Bacterial Infection
7.2.5.4 HA-based Magnetic Biocomposites
7.2.6 Influence of External Field on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Growth
7.2.6.1 Electric Field
7.2.6.2 Magnetic Field
7.3 Summary
Acknowledgement
References
8 Nanostructured Selenium - A Novel Biologically-Inspired Material for Antibacterial Medical Device Applications
8.1 Bacterial Biofilm Infections on Implant Materials
8.2 Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Implant Applications
8.3 Selenium and Nanostructured Selenium
8.4 Selenium Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications
8.4.1 Antibacterial Properties of Selenium Compounds
8.4.2 Selenium Nanoparticles Inhibit Staphylococcus Aureus Growth
8.4.3 Selenium Nanoparticles for Preventing Biofilm Formation on Polycarbonate Medical Devices
8.4.4 Preventing Bacterial Growth on Paper Towels
8.5 Summary and Outlook
References
9 Hydroxyapatite-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres Toward Injectable Cell Scaffold
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Pickering Emulsion
9.2.1 What is a Pickering Emulsion?
9.2.2 Pickering Emulsion Stabilized with Nanosized HAp Particles
9.3 Fabrication of HAp-Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres by Pickering Emulsion Method
9.3.1 Fabrication of HAp-Commodity Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres
9.3.2 Fabrication of HAp-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres
9.3.3 Fabrication of Multihollow HAp-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres
9.4 Evaluation of Cell Adhesion Properties of HAp-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres
9.5 Application of HAp-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres as an Injectable Scaffold
9.6 Degradation Behavior of HAp-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres
9.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
10 Biomimetic ECM Scaffolds Prepared from Cultured Cells
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Cultured Cell-Derived ECM Porous Scaffolds
10.3 Autologous ECM Scaffolds
10.4 Application of Cultured Cell-Derived ECM Scaffolds
10.5 Summary
References
11 Design and Synthesis of Photoreactive Polymers for Biomedical Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 UV-Reactive Biological Polymers
11.2.1 Gelatin
11.2.2 Polysaccharides
11.2.2.1 Hyaluronic Acid
11.2.2.2 Heparin
11.2.2.3 Chitosan
11.2.2.4 Pullulan
11.3 UV-Reactive Synthetic Polymers
11.3.1 Bio-nonfouling Polymers
11.3.1.1 Phosphobetaine
11.3.1.2 Sulfobetaine
11.3.1.3 Carbobetaine
11.3.1.4 Amphiphilic Polymers
11.3.2 Stimuli-Responsive Polymers
11.3.3 Other Polymers
11.4 Visible Light-Reactive Biopolymer Systems
11.4.1 Gelatin
11.4.2 Chitosan
11.5 Conclusions
References
12 The Emerging Applications of Graphene Oxide and Graphene in Tissue Engineering
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic GO/Graphene Materials
12.3 Graphene Oxide and its Cell and TE Applications
12.4 Graphene and Its Cell and TE Applications
12.5 Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgement
References
13 Biomimetic Preparation and Morphology Control of Mesoporous Silica
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Biomineralization and Biomimic Synthesis
13.2.1 Biomineralization and Morphogenesis
13.2.2 Self-Assembly and Biomimic Synthesis
13.3 Mesoporous Silica
13.3.1 Mesoporous Silica: Definition and Classification
13.3.2 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSN)
13.3.3 Biomedical Application of Mesoporous Silica
13.3.3.1 Biocompatibility Investigation
13.3.3.2 Gatekeeper/ Stimuli-Responsive for Controlled Released
13.4 Biomimic Preparation and Morphology Control of Mesoporous Silica
13.4.1 General Synthesis
13.4.1.1 MCM-41
13.4.1.2 SBA-15
13.4.2 The Preparation and Morphologies Control of Mesoporous Silica
13.4.2.1 Diluted Aqueous System
13.4.2.2 Ether-Water System: Mesoporous Vesicles
13.4.2.3 Alcohol-Water System
13.5 Conclusion and Prospective
References
14 Biomimetic Materials for Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Fabrication of Biomimetic Materials
14.2.1 Electrospinning
14.2.2 Electrospraying
14.2.3 Phase Separation
14.2.4 Self-Assembly
14.3 Surface Modification
14.4 Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues
14.5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Index

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