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A comprehensive survey of exemplary wetlands that highlights their importance for local livelihoods as well as for global biodiversity
Covering 17 different regions, Wetlands of Tropical and Subtropical Asia and Africa provides detailed information on some of the world's most important wetlands and wetland types across those countries, as well as their current and potential biological resources. Each wetland is analyzed by a regional expert.
Written with UN sustainable development goals in mind, Wetlands of Tropical and Subtropical Asia and Africa includes information on:
Wetlands of Tropical and Subtropical Asia and Africa is an essential reference on the subject for ecologists, conservation scientists, hydrologists, and environmental and water resource managers. Governmental agencies and professionals in fisheries, agriculture, and rural development will also find value in the book.
Thammineni Pullaiah is Professor of Botany (Retired), Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, India. He was President of the Indian Botanical Society, President of the Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy, and a member of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). He has authored 65 books, edited 40 books, and published over 340 research papers.
About the Editor xv
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxiii
1 Recommendations for Sustainable Management of Wetlands in Indian Tropics 1Nitin Bassi, Ayushi Kashyap, and Saiba Gupta
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Methodology 3
1.3 Status of Wetlands in India 4
1.4 Inland and Coastal Wetlands 4
1.5 Natural and Man-Made Wetlands 6
1.6 Overall Findings 9
1.7 Challenges Faced by Natural Wetland Ecosystem in India 10
1.8 Recommendations for Managing Wetlands Sustainably 13
1.9 Conclusion 16
References 16
2 Wetlands of Bangladesh: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 19Krishna Prosad Mondal, Al-Jubaer, Soumic Samad, Monishankar Sarkar, Syed Hafizur Rahman, Sheikh Tawhidul Islam, and Byomkesh Talukder
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Types of Wetlands in Bangladesh 19
2.3 Biodiversity 24
2.4 Red Listed Species By IUCN 31
2.5 Livelihoods of People Living in Wetland Areas 31
2.6 Conservation 35
2.7 Conclusion 36
References 36
3 Wetlands of Myanmar: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 41Thiri Dae We Aung, Thet Zaw Naing, Ding Li Yong, and Kelvin S.-H. Peh
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Wetlands in Myanmar 41
3.3 Important Wetland Sites in Myanmar 42
3.4 Wetland Management Policy and Practices in Myanmar 58
3.5 Challenges in Wetland Management in Myanmar 62
3.6 Conclusion 63
References 63
4 Wetlands of Plains of Pakistan 67Andleeb Batool, Asia Parveen, Mishal Nawaz, Dania Razzaq, Maryam Mukhtar, and Naseeba Mustafavi
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Wetlands in Plains of Pakistan 67
4.3 The Haleji Wetland 68
4.4 The Keenjhar Lakes 69
4.5 Chashma Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary 70
4.6 Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary 72
4.7 Astola Island 72
4.8 Jiwani Wetland 73
4.9 Miani Hor 74
4.10 Uchhali Complex 75
4.11 Indus River Basin Wetlands 76
4.12 Mekran Coastal Wetlands 78
References 81
5 Wetlands of Sri Lanka: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 85A.H. Magdon Jayasuriya
5.1 Introduction 85
5.2 Biodiversity 86
Acknowledgments 107
References 107
6 Wetlands of Israel 111Avi Uzan
6.1 Introduction to the Climate, Topography, Geomorphology, and Hydrology of Israel 111
6.2 Lotic Habitats 115
6.3 The Jordan River 123
6.4 Lentic Habitats 128
6.5 Dalia Marsh 132
6.6 Measures of Rehabilitation and Restoration 133
6.7 Vernal Pools 134
References 135
7 Wetlands of Angola: Locations, Biodiversity, and Conservation 137Jasper Knight and Mauro Lourenco
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Methodology 138
7.3 Results 143
7.4 Discussion 151
7.5 Conclusions 155
References 155
8 Wetlands of Benin (West Africa): Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 161Salako K. Valère, Dassou G. Hospice, Gnansounou S. Constant, Zanvo M. G. Serge, Akodékou A. David, and Glèlè Kakaï Romain
8.1 Introduction 161
8.2 Methods 162
8.3 Results 164
8.4 Discussion 179
References 181
9 Wetlands of Burkina Faso: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 187Kaboré Idrissa, Bancé Victor, Konaté Sidiki Roland, Sawadogo Yabyouré Marc-Florent, and Ouéda Adama
9.1 Introduction 187
9.2 Burkina Faso and Its Wetlands 188
9.3 Biodiversity in Wetlands of Burkina Faso 190
9.4 Wetland Goods and Services 198
9.5 Wetland Conservation Measures 199
9.6 Conclusion 200
References 201
10 Wetlands of Cameroon: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 207Gordon N. Ajonina, Thomas E. Efole, Barthelemy Ndongo, and Minette Eyango Tomedi-Tabi
10.1 Introduction 207
10.2 Potentials of Wetlands Biodiversity 208
10.3 Wetland Species 213
10.4 Importance and Values of Wetlands for Livelihoods and Development in Cameroon 226
10.5 Threats to Wetlands Degradation and Loss in Cameroon 226
10.6 Overview of Evolving Strategies for Mainstreaming Wetlands Conservation and Wise Use into Livelihoods Development and Poverty Reduction Efforts in Cameroon 229
10.7 Conclusion 237
Acknowledgments 237
References 237
11 Wetlands of Ghana: Biodiversity, Community Livelihoods, and Conservation 241Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu and Emmanuel Nii Attram Taye
11.1 Introduction 241
11.2 Types of Wetlands in Ghana 242
11.3 Biodiversity Richness of Ghanaian Wetlands 247
11.4 Wetland Resources and Community Livelihoods 251
11.5 Threats to Ghanaian Wetlands 252
11.6 Conservation Actions and Initiatives Taken by Ghana to Manage Its Wetlands 255
11.7 Conclusion 256
References 259
12 Biodiversity, Change, and Use of Moroccan Wetlands 265Abdeslam Ennabili, Mohamed Libiad, Mohamed El Haissoufi, Abdelmajid Khabbach, and Nard Bennas
12.1 Introduction 265
12.2 Wetlands Biodiversity 267
12.3 Conservation Status 272
12.4 Wetland Services 273
12.5 Drivers of changes 275
12.6 Planning and Management 277
12.7 Concluding Remarks 280
References 280
13 Does Malawi Need a Wetland Policy to Achieve the Wise Use Principle of the Ramsar Convention? 297Rodgers Makwinja, Solomon G. Tesfamichael, and Christopher J. Curtis
13.1 Introduction 297
13.2 Wetland Concepts and Definitions 298
13.3 Wetland's Benefits and Its Contribution to UN SDGs 301
13.4 Threats to Wetland Sustainability 302
13.5 Wetland Management Policy Dilemma 306
13.6 Wetland Management Options 308
13.7 Conclusion 309
References 310
14 Wetland Ecosystems in Nigeria: Ecological Significance, Carbon Sequestration Potential, and Conservation Challenges 317Isa Olalekan Elegbede, Amira M. Hotaiba, Adebola Rashidat Adewale, Abdulwakil Olawale Saba, Shehu Akintola, Emily Osa Iduseri, Abdul Rahamon Olodo, and Kehinde Moyosola Ositimehin
14.1 Introduction 317
14.2 Wetlands in Nigeria 318
14.3 Case Study of Biodiversity of Wetlands in Northern and Southern Nigeria 320
14.4 Wetland of Nigeria in Relation to Blue Carbon and Sequestration 323
14.5 Wetlands and Their Ecosystem Services 325
14.6 Resilience of Wetland Ecosystems 327
14.7 Geospatial Assessment of Nigeria's Wetlands 328
14.8 Policy and Institutional Framework for Wetlands Protection in Nigeria 332
14.9 Conclusion 335
References 335
15 Wetlands of Senegal: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 341Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Paterne Arnaud Bernard Mingou, Taïbou Ba, and Mathieu Gueye
15.1 Introduction 341
15.2 Wetland Types and Biodiversity 342
15.3 Livelihoods 360
15.4 Wetland Conservation 363
15.5 Conclusion 365
References 365
16 Wetlands of Zimbabwe: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 371Tatenda Musasa, Oshneck Mupepi, and Thomas Marambanyika
16.1 Introduction 371
16.2 Wetland Type and Distribution in Zimbabwe 373
16.3 Wetland Biodiversity 375
16.4 Nature of Livelihood Benefits Derived from Wetlands by Surrounding Communities 378
16.5 Initiatives to Promote Wetland Conservation and Human Livelihoods 384
16.6 Shortcomings and Enforcement Challenges of Wetland Protection and Conservation Approaches 386
16.7 Conclusion and Recommendations 387
References 388
17 Wetlands of Sudan: Types, Conservation, and Socioeconomics 393Mohamed Elmekki Ali Elbadawi Hussien and Ibrahim Mohammed Hashim
17.1 Introduction 393
17.2 Wetlands of Sudan 393
17.3 Wetland Types 395
17.4 Biodiversity 401
17.5 Conservation Aspects 403
17.6 Socioecological Importance 406
References 408
18 Wetlands and Conservation: Exploring Biodiversity Dynamics, Economic Potentials, and Conservation Strategies in South Africa 411Adeyemi Ojutalayo Adeeyo, Bramley Jemain Lemine, Tinyiko Rivers Nkuna, Titus A.M. Msagati, and Mercy Adewumi Alabi
18.1 Introduction 411
18.2 Wetlands of South Africa 413
18.3 Biodiversity of Wetlands 417
18.4 Livelihoods and Economic Contributions of Wetlands 420
18.5 Threats and Conservation of Wetlands in South Africa 423
18.6 Conservation of Wetlands 425
18.7 Management Strategies, National Policies, and Legislations Against Natural Threats 426
18.8 Future Enhancements 428
18.9 Conclusion 429
References 430
Index 437
Ouéda Adama Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie animales (LBEA), UFR/SVT Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (Burkina Faso) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Adeyemi Ojutalayo Adeeyo Institute of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Florida, South Africa
Adebola Rashidat Adewale Department of Fisheries Faculty of Science, Lagos State University Lagos, Nigeria
Gordon N. Ajonina Cameroon Wildlife Conservation Society CWCS Coastal Forests Mangrove & Marine Programme Yaoundé, Cameroon
Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala (Yabassi) Douala, Cameroon
Shehu Akintola Department of Fisheries Faculty of Science Lagos State University Lagos, Nigeria
Mercy Adewumi Alabi Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, South Africa
Al-Jubaer Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS Jahangirnagar University Dhaka, Bangladesh
Thiri Dae We Aung Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association Yangon, Myanmar
Taïbou Ba Department of Education, Science, Technology & Innovation African Union Commission Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Nitin Bassi Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) New Delhi, India
Andleeb Batool Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
Nard Bennas Faculty of Sciences Abdelmalek Essaâdi University Tetouan, Morocco
Gnansounou S. Constant Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi Cotonou, République du Bénin
Christopher J. Curtis Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies University of Johannesburg Johannesburg, South Africa
Akodékou A. David Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
Abdoul Aziz Diouf Ecological Monitoring Center Research & Development Program Dakar, Senegal
Thomas E. Efole Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala (Yabassi) Douala, Cameroon
Mohamed El Haissoufi Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez, Morocco
Isa Olalekan Elegbede Department of Fisheries Faculty of Science Lagos State University Lagos, Nigeria
Department of Environmental Science National Open University of Nigeria Abuja, Nigeria
Department of Environmental Planning Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Germany
Abdeslam Ennabili Superior School of Technology Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez, Morocco
Mathieu Gueye Department of Botany and Geology Laboratory of Botany, IRL 3189 Environnement Santé et Société, IFAN Ch. A. Diop Dakar, Senegal
Saiba Gupta Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) New Delhi, India
Ibrahim Mohammed Hashim Sudanese Wildlife Society Khartoum, Sudan
Dassou G. Hospice Département de Biologie Végétale Laboratoire des Sciences du Végétal et Pharmacopée, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou République du Bénin
Amira M. Hotaiba Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Mohamed Elmekki Ali Elbadawi Hussien Department of Wildlife University of Sinnar, Suki, Sudan
Kaboré Idrissa Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie animales (LBEA), UFR/SVT Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (Burkina Faso) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Emily Osa Iduseri Department of Environmental Science National Open University of Nigeria Abuja, Nigeria
Sheikh Tawhidul Islam Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS Jahangirnagar University Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ayushi Kashyap Council on Energy Environment and Water (CEEW) New Delhi, India
Abdelmajid Khabbach Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez, Morocco
Jasper Knight School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa
Bramley Jemain Lemine Department of Chemical Engineering Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville, South Africa
Department of Water Science University of Western Cape Bellville, South Africa
Mohamed Libiad Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University Tetouan, Morocco
Mauro Lourenco National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust Johannesburg, South Africa
A.H. Magdon Jayasuriya EML Consultants PLC Pitakotte, Sri Lanka
Rodgers Makwinja Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies University of Johannesburg Johannesburg, South Africa
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Natural Resources & Climate Change Lilongwe, Malawi
Thomas Marambanyika Department of Geography Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Building Midlands State University Gweru, Zimbabwe
Sawadogo Yabyouré Marc-Florent Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie animales (LBEA) UFR/SVT, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (Burkina Faso) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Paterne Arnaud Bernard Mingou Department of Botany and Geology, Laboratory of Botany IFAN Ch. A. Diop Dakar, Senegal
Krishna Prosad Mondal Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS Jahangirnagar University Dhaka, Bangladesh
Titus A.M. Msagati Institute of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Florida, South Africa
Maryam Mukhtar Department of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
Oshneck Mupepi Department of Geography Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Building Midlands State University Gweru, Zimbabwe
Tatenda Musasa Institute of Water Studies, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape Cape Town, South Africa
Department of Geography Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Building Midlands State University Gweru, Zimbabwe
Naseeba Mustafavi Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
Thet Zaw Naing Myanmar Bird and Nature Society Yangon, Myanmar
Mishal Nawaz Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
Barthelemy Ndongo Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy & Agricultural Sciences, National Focal Point of Ramsar Convention University of Dschang Dschang, Cameroon
Tinyiko Rivers Nkuna Department of Earth Science Faculty of Science Engineering and Agriculture University of Venda Limpopo, South Africa
Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Research University of Ghana Accra, Ghana
Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra, Ghana
Abdul Rahamon Olodo Department of Environmental Planning Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Germany
Kehinde Moyosola Ositimehin Department of Environmental Studies Ohio University, Athens OH, USA
Asia Parveen Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
Kelvin S.-H. Peh School of Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton, UK
Syed Hafizur Rahman Department of Environmental Sciences Jahangirnagar University Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dania Razzaq Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
Konaté Sidiki Roland Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie animales (LBEA), UFR/SVT Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (Burkina Faso) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Glèlè Kakaï Romain Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi CotonouRépublique du Bénin
Abdulwakil Olawale Saba Department of Fisheries Faculty of Science Lagos State University Lagos, Nigeria
Soumic Samad Research Consultant, Remote Sensing Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) Dhaka,...
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