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Of Proudhon's best books, War and Peace is the least well known in the English-speaking world. This first English translation will open up both our understanding of Proudhon's mature works as well as a window on mid-nineteenth century international relations and the history of international thought. Sharkey's rich and faithful translation, and Prichard's scholarly introduction and annotations, bring this book to life for a new, (post)modern audience. This is still one of the only extended accounts of anarchist international theory in history and is one of the earliest in the history of socialist thought. Prichard's introduction describes both its specificity and the multiple lines of influence it had, on writers as diverse as Tolstoy, Sorel, French sociology more broadly, and post-1945 Anglo-American International Relations theory.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) was one of Europe's most well-known socialists during his lifetime. His complete works span over sixty volumes. From his opening salvo on the social origins of the Sabbath, to the claim that "all property is theft!," to his final writings on international relations, federalism, and the political capacity of the working class, his works shaped European socialism for a generation, and continue to act as the intellectual spine of modern anarchism.
Introduction and acknowledgments
Note on the translation
PREFACE
BOOK ONE: THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF WAR
FIRST CHAPTER: On the phenomenality of war CHAPTER II: War a Divine Act CHAPTER III: War as religious revelation CHAPTER IV: War as justice revealed CHAPTER V: War as revelation of the ideal CHAPTER VI: War, the discipline of humanity CHAPTER VII: The warrior, greater than nature CHAPTER VIII: War and peace, correlative terms CHAPTER IX: The problem of war and peace
SECOND BOOK: ON THE NATURE OF WARFARE AND RIGHT OF FORCE
FIRST CHAPTER: Disagreement between the testimony of the human race and the jurisconsults' doctrine regarding the act and right of war CHAPTER II: War is brought forth as a judgment delivered in the name and by virtue of force. The universal conscience declares this judgment the norm; the jurisprudence of the authors rejects it CHAPTER III: Consequences of the doctrine professed by the authors regarding the right of force CHAPTER IV: More on the same subject. The theory of Wolff and Vattel CHAPTER V: That the negation of the right of force renders the philosophy of right impossible CHAPTER VI: That the right of force was not known to Hobbes. A critical examination of that author's system CHAPTER VII 173: Theory of the right of force CHAPTER VIII: Application of the Right of Force. 1. The definition and object of the Right of War CHAPTER IX: Application of the Right of Force. 2. Object and determination of the rights of peoples CHAPTER X: The same subject continued: Contemporary issues CHAPTER XI: More on the same subject: Political Right, Civil Right, Economic Right: The Range of Rights CONCLUSION
BOOK THREE: The Forms of War
SUMMARY CHAPTER 1: On warfare and its validity CHAPTER II: More on the same subject. The legality of the Italian revolution demonstrated by the right of force CHAPTER III: On the regulation of weapons and the policing of combat295 CHAPTER IV: The critique of military operations and tactics: An examination of what caused the downfall of the First French Empire CHAPTER V: The critique of military operations: On the destruction of the enemy's resources. On marauding, seizures, levies and hirelings CHAPTER VI: The critique of military operations: weapons, espionage and the ruse CHAPTER VII: The critique of military operations: vandalism, sieges, blockades, rape, pillage, murder, single combat, prisoners of war CHAPTER VIII: The critique of military operations. The battle CHAPTER IX: Various matters. 1. Is the right of peoples devoid of sanction? 2. Declarations of war. 3. To what lengths can resistance be taken? 4. Regarding interruptions to trade. 5. Whether the subjects of enemy powers are enemies. 6. On alliances CHAPTER X: Various matters. 7. Neutrals. 8. Mercenaries. 9. Hostages. 10. Armistices. 11. Captives. 12. Privateering. 13. Whether the expansion of a State is adequate grounds for war for the rest. 14. Peace treaties CONCLUSION
BOOK FOUR: ON THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF WARFARE
SUMMARY CHAPTER I: The need to probe beyond political considerations when determining the precise causes of warfare CHAPTER II: The underlying principles of political economy: The laws of poverty and equilibrium CHAPTER III: The illusion of wealth. The origin and universality of pauperism CHAPTER IV: The influence of pauperism on the State and international relations CHAPTER V: War and plunder. Confusing war's political motives with its economic cause CHAPTER VI: Warfare among the Greeks, up until Alexander. The transition from piracy to conquest CHAPTER VII: War and conquest. The distinction between war's political motives and its economic cause CHAPTER VIII: More on the same subject CHAPTER IX: That conquest, which should have put paid to plunder, has preserved it CHAPTER X: The political and social revolutions that would follow war between France and England CHAPTER XI: What conquest has a tendency to become: the reduction of war to the absurd CONCLUSION
BOOK FIVE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF WAR
SUMMARY FIRST CHAPTER: That in every war, and on both sides, the immorality of the cause and iniquity of the ends entails the dishonesty of means CHAPTER II: More on the same subject. The question it raises CHAPTER III: A prior consideration: politics subordinated to economics; the incompetence of trial by strength; the suspension of hostilities CHAPTER IV: The final objections of militarism CHAPTER V: Objections answered: by its very evolution, it is war that resolves itself in peace. The transformation of the antagonism GENERAL CONCLUSIONS: A new right: a new mission Index
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