The NSA Report

Preface xi

Executive Summary xv

Recommendations xxv

Chapter 1 Principles 1

Chapter 2 Lessons of History 10

Chapter 3 Reforming Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Directed at United States Persons 34

Chapter 4 Reforming Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Directed at Non- United States Persons 81

Chapter 5 Determining What Intelligence Should Be Collected and How 112

Chapter 6 Organizational Reform in Light of Changing Communications Technology 125

Chapter 7 Global Communications Technology: Promoting Prosperity, Security, and Openness in a Networked World 154

Chapter 8 Protecting What We Do Collect 176

Conclusion 199

Appendix A The Legal Standards for Government Access to Communications 201

Appendix B Overview of NSA Privacy Protections Under FAA 702; Overview of NSA Privacy Protections Under EO 12333 205

Appendix C US Intelligence: Multiple Layers of Rules and Oversight 207

Appendix D Avenues for Whistle-blowers in the Intelligence Community 208

Appendix E US Government Role in Current Encryption Standards 209

Appendix F Review Group Briefings and Meetings 213

Appendix G Glossary 216

Index 227