Carbon Dioxide Chemistry

Name: Carbon Dioxide Chemistry | Environmental Issues
Brand: Woodhead Publishing
Price: 220.0 EUR
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Environmental Issues

J. P. Pradier C. M. Pradier(Herausgeber*in)

Woodhead Publishing

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 14. März 2014

418 Seiten

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Front Cover
Carbon Dioxide Chemistry: Environmental Issues
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Part 1: Catalysis
Introduction
Chapter 1. CO2 Chemistry: An Option for CO2 Emission Control?
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
GLOBAL EMISSION AND THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS
REMOVAL, DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION OF CO2
HYDROGENATION OF CO2
MAKING METHANOL FROM CO2 AND H2
THE USE OF CO2 CHEMISTRY FOR EMISSION CONTROL. A PROPOSAL
CAN CO2 CHEMISTRY BE USED FOR CO2 EMISSION CONTROL ?
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 2. Challenges in CH4 + CO2 Reforming
INTRODUCTION
MOTIVATIONS FOR METHANE REFORMING WITH CARBON DIOXIDE
CHEMISTRY INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REALIZATION OF THE PROCESS
CURRENT TECHNOLOGY
SPARG PROCESS
CALCOR PROCESS
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE ASPECTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 3. The Thermodynamics of CO2 Conversion
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
CHEMICAL CONVERSION
ELECTROCHEMICAL CONVERSION
THE THERMODYNAMICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CO2 REDUCTION MECHANISMS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 4. CO2 Activation on Transition Metal Surfaces
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BASIC PROPERTIES OF CO2
3. CHEMISORBED BENT CO2
4. REACTIVITY OF CHEMISOBED CO2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 5. Activation and Reactions of CO2 on Rh Catalysts
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
1. ACTIVATION OF CO2
2. PHOTO-ACTIVATION OF CO2
3. PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTION OF H2O + CO2
4. CH4 + CO2 REACTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 6. Characterization of CO2 Adsorption and Reaction on Single Crystal Metal Surfaces
ABSTRACT
1. THE ADSORPTION OF CO2 ON CLEAN METAL SURFACES - PHYSISORBED CO2
2. CO2 ACTIVATION ON ALKALI PROMOTED SURFACES
3. REACTION INTERMEDIATES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 7. Selective Synthesis of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels from CO2
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RAPID REFORMING OF METHANE TO HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE
3. RAPID METHANATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
4. METHANOL SYNTHESIS FROM CO2 AND H2 ON MODIFIED METHANOL SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS
5. HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS FROM CO2-H2 MIXTURE USING THE TWO-STAGE SERIES REACTOR
6. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 8. Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Lower Alkanes
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 9. Transition Metal Catalysed Activation of Carbon Dioxide
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RHODIUM CATALYSED HYDROGENATION OF CO2 TO FORMIC ACID
3. PALLADIUM CATALYSED SYNTHESIS OF d-LACTONES FROM 1,3-DIENES AND CO2
4. NICKEL CATALYSED CO-TRIMERISATION OF ALKYNES AND CO2 TO 2-PYRONES
5. SUMMARY
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 10. Effects of Compositional Changes of Cu/ZnO, Cu/Al2O3, and Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts on Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 11. Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol over Palladium-promoted Cu/ZnO Catalysts
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXPERIMENTAL
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4. CONCLUSIONS
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
6. REFERENCES
Chapter 12. Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXPERIMENTAL
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Part 2: Biology
Introduction
REFERENCES
Chapter 13. Bacterial Autotrophic CO2 Fixation
INTRODUCTION
PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA
HYDROGEN BACTERIA
SULFUR BACTERIA
NITRIFYING BACTERIA
OTHER AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA
METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA
OVERVIEW OF THE BACTERIAL PATHWAYS OF CO2 ASSIMILATION
ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
REFERENCES
Chapter 14. Interactions of Rubisco, Nature's Most Abundant Enzyme, with CO2
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVATING RUBISCO FOR CATALYSIS - CARBAMATE FORMATION AT THE ACTIVE SITE
FACTORS INFLUENCING PARTITIONING BETWEEN CARBOXYLATION AND OXYGENATION
REFERENCES
Chapter 15. Inorganic Carbon Fluxes in Lichens and their Photosynthesizing Partners
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
THE CO2-CONCENTRATING MECHANISM OF FREE-LIVING CYANOBACTERIA AND GREEN MICROALGAE
REFERENCES
Chapter 16. Biological Uptake of CO2
ABSTRACT
PHOTOSYNTHETIC TYPES OF PLANTS
DIFFUSION LIMITATIONS OF CO2 UPTAKE
LIMITATION OF GASEOUS LOSS FROM PLANTS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 17. Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Biology: Structure and Function of Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco)
INTRODUCTION
THE CHEMISTRY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION
THE CATALYST, RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 18. How Carbonic Anhydrases Solve the Greenhouse Problem in the Mammalian Body
INTRODUCTION
THE ORIGIN OF THE CO2 IN THE BODY
THE CARBONIC ANHYDRASES
CO2 HANDLING IN THE LIVER: UREA SYNTHESIS
CO2 HANDLING IN THE ADIPOCYTE: LIPOGENESIS AND LIPOLYSIS
CO2 HANDLING WHEN THE MOST ACTIVE ISOZYME IS MISSING
IMBALANCE IN CO2 HANDLING IN THE BRAIN RESULTS IN SEIZURE ACTIVITY
REFERENCES
Chapter 19. The Hydration of CO2 Catalysed by Carbonic Anhydrase
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
INTERCONVERSION OF CO2 AND HCO3
PROTON TRANSFER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 20. The Carbamate Reaction in the Mammalian Respiratory System
CHEMISTRY OF AMINE CARBAMATES
CARBAMATES AND BLOOD CO2 + O2 TRANSPORT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 21. The Coprocessing of Fossil Fuels and Biomass for CO2 Emission Reduction in the Transportation Sector
INTRODUCTION
BASIC HYDROCARB PROCESS
PROCESS SIMULATION COMPUTER MODEL
HYDROCARB METHANOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION FUEL
COST ESTIMATES
IMPACT OF PETROLEUM DISPLACEMENT
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Part 3: Gas Separation
Introduction
Chapter 22. Sterically-hindered Amines for Acid Gas Absorption
ABSTRACT
TEXT
Chapter 23. Development of Flue Gas Carbon Dioxide Recovery Technology
ABSTRACT
1. PREFACE
2. REVIEW OF THE PILOT PLANT TEST BY THE CONVENTIONAL MEA PROCESS
3. TASKS AND APPROACHES FOR THE POWER PLANT CO2 RECOVERY
4. DEVELOPMENT OF LOW REGENERATION ENERGY SOLVENTS BY STERICALLY HINDERED AMINES
5. DEVELOPMENT OF LOW PRESSURE LOSS AND HIGH EFFICIENCY ABSORBER/STRIPER-PACKING
6. OPTIMUM STEAM SYSTEM FOR THE POWER PLANT
7. SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 24. Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Recovery from Power Plants
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY
3. PRESSURE DRIVEN MEMBRANE PROCESSES
4. MEMBRANE ABSORPTION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. REFERENCES
Chapter 25. CO2-Zeolite Reactions for Gas Separations
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 26. Concentration and Subsequent Methanation of Carbon Dioxide for Space and Environmental Applications
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CO2 PROCESSING IN ECLS SYSTEMS
3. CO2 CONCENTRATION
4. CO2 METHANATION
5. REFERENCES
Chapter 27. Fundamental Study on CO2 Removal from the Flue Gas of Thermal Power Plant by Hollow-fiber Gas-Liquid Contactor
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
IMAGE OF ACTUAL PLANT
CONCLUSIONS
NOTATION
REFERENCES
Chapter 28. Thermally-reversible Polymeric Sorbents for Acid Gases
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Part 4: Oceanography
Introduction
Chapter 29. Transport Proteins for Calcium and Magnesium
INTRODUCTION
CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM PUMPS
THE SELECTIVITY OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM REACTIONS
THE NEED TO CIRCULATE CALCIUM OUTSIDE CELLS
ION-EXCHANGER PROTEINS
SOME EXAMPLES OF CONTROLLED CALCIUM CARBONATE FORMATION
CONTROL OVER PRODUCTION OF THE PROTEINS
REFERENCES
Chapter 30. Large Scale Oceanic Production of Calcium Carbonate: Coccolithophorids and Cyanobacteria
INTRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CALCIFICATION
CELL GROWTH AND THE OCEANIC CO2-CARBONATE SYSTEM
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 31. Anorthite Surface Speciation and Weathering Reactivity in Bicarbonate Solutions at 25°C
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 32. Uptake of Carbon Dioxide by the Oceans
ABSTRACT
THE ATMOSPHERIC CO2 BUDGET
CO2 CHEMISTRY IN SEAWATER
CO2 FLUXES: THE SOLUBILITY PUMP AND THE BIOLOGICAL PUMP
ESTIMATING THE OCEANIC SINK FOR CO2
IS THERE A TERRESTRIAL CO2 SINK?
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 33. Disposing of CO2 in the Ocean
INTRODUCTION
EFFECTIVENESS OF OCEAN DISPOSAL OF CO2
INJECTION OF CO2 INTO THE OCEAN
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF CO2 CHEMISTRY
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 34. Extended CO2 Phase Analysis: Clathrates, Hydrates
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
CO2 CLATHRATE AND ENVIRONMENT OF DEEP SEA
TEST FOR CONFIRMATION OF PRINCIPLE OF CO2 CLATHRATE FORMATION
TEST FOR CO2 CLATHRATE CONTINUOUS FORMATION AND SEDIMENTATION
CONCLUSION
NOTATION
REFERENCES
Chapter 35. Deep Sea CO2 Sequestration
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF CO2 HYDRATE
SHRINKAGE OF LIQUID CO2 DROPLET IN WATER
STABILITY OF LIQUID CO2 IN SEAWATER AT HIGH PRESSURE
DEEP SEA CO2 SEQUESTRATION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NOMENCLATURE
REFERENCES
Part 5: Other Aspects
Introduction
REFERENCES
Chapter 36. An Overview of Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
INTRODUCTION
ROUTES TO CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION
REACTION RATE DATA FOR METAL CATHODES
PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION
METAL COMPLEXES
MODIFYING ELECTRODES TO OVERCOME REACTION RATE LIMITS
SUMMARY OF ALL REDUCTION METHODS
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR CO2 REDUCTION
REFERENCES
Chapter 37. Photon Assisted Reduction of CO2
1. INTRODUCTION
2. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
3. THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY (HEAT AND LIGHT) FOR CO2 REDUCTION
4. HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYZED FIXATION OF CO2
5. PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF CO2 REDUCTION
6. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 38. Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 39. Carbon Dioxide as both Solvent and Monomer in Copolymerizations
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Subject Index

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