England's Rare Mosses and Liverworts

Introduction 5

What are bryophytes and why are they important? 9

Rarity in bryophytes 13

Conservation measures 19

People and bryophyte conservation 26

The Red List 31

Overview of threatened English bryophytes 34

THE SPECIES PROFILES (M: moss, L: liverwort)

M Acaulon mediterraneum Spiny-spored Pygmy-moss 46

M Acaulon triquetrum Triangular Pygmy-moss 47

M Andreaea frigida Icy Rock-moss 49

M Anomodon attenuatus Slender Tail-moss 51

M Anomodon longifolius Long-leaved Tail-moss 52

M Aplodon wormskioldii Carrion-moss 54

M Atrichum angustatum Lesser Smoothcap 56

M Bruchia vogesiaca Vosges Candle-moss 58

M Bryum calophyllum Blunt Bryum 60

M Bryum gemmiparum Welsh Thread-moss 61

M Bryum knowltonii Knowlton's Thread-moss 63

M Bryum marratii Baltic Bryum 65

M Bryum salinum Saltmarsh Thread-moss 67

L Cephaloziella baumgartneri Chalk Threadwort 69

L Cephaloziella dentata Toothed Threadwort 70

L Cephaloziella integerrima Lobed Threadwort 72

L Cephaloziella massalongi Lesser Copperwort 74

L Cephaloziella nicholsonii Greater Copperwort 75

M Ceratodon conicus Scarce Redshank 77

M Cheilothela chloropus Rabbit Moss 79

M Cinclidotus riparius Fountain Lattice-moss 81

M Cyclodictyon laetevirens Bright Green Cave-moss 83

M Cynodontium polycarpon Many-fruited Dog-tooth 85

M Dialytrichia saxicola Brittle Lattice-moss 87

M Dicranum spurium Rusty Fork-moss 88

M Dicranum undulatum Waved Fork-moss 90

M Didymodon cordatus Cordate Beard-moss 93

M Didymodon glaucus Glaucous Beard-moss 94

M Ditrichum cornubicum Cornish Path-moss 96

M Ditrichum subulatum Awl-leaved Ditrichum 99

L Dumortiera hirsuta Dumortier's Liverwort 100

M Ephemerum cohaerens Clustered Earth-moss 103

M Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum Elegant Feather-moss 104

M Fissidens curvatus Portuguese Pocket-moss 106

M Fissidens serrulatus Large Atlantic Pocket-moss 107

M Grimmia anodon Toothless Grimmia 109

M Grimmia elongata Brown Grimmia 111

M Homomallium incurvatum Incurved Feather-moss 113

L Jamesoniella undulifolia Marsh Flapwort 115

L Leiocolea rutheana Norfolk Flapwort 117

L Lejeunea mandonii Atlantic Pouncewort 119

L Liochlaena lanceolata Long-leaved Flapwort 121

L Lophozia capitata Large-celled Flapwort 123

L Lophozia herzogiana Herzog's Notchwort 125

L Marsupella profunda Western Rustwort 127

M Micromitrium tenerum Millimetre Moss 129

M Mielichhoferia elongata Elongate Copper-moss 131

L Nardia insecta Bug Flapwort 133

M Orthodontium gracile Slender Thread-moss 135

M Orthotrichum pallens Pale Bristle-moss 137

M Orthotrichum pumilum Dwarf Bristle-moss 139

M Philonotis marchica Bog Apple-moss 141

M Physcomitrium eurystomum Norfolk Bladder-moss 143

L Plagiochila norvegica Bilobed Featherwort 145

M Plasteurhynchium meridionale Portland Feather-moss 147

M Pseudocalliergon turgescens Turgid Scorpion-moss 148

M Rhynchostegium rotundifolium Round-leaved Feather-moss 150

L Riccia bifurca Lizard Crystalwort 153

L Riccia canaliculata Channelled Crystalwort 154

L Riccia nigrella Black Crystalwort 156

M Scopelophila cataractae Tongue-leaved Copper-moss 157

M Seligeria brevifolia Short Rock-bristle 159

M Seligeria carniolica Water Rock-bristle 160

M Seligeria diversifolia Long Rock-bristle 162

L Solenostoma caespiticium Delicate Flapwort 163

L Southbya nigrella Blackwort 165

L Southbya tophacea Green Blackwort 167

M Sphagnum balticum Baltic Bog-moss 168

M Splachnum vasculosum Rugged Collar-moss 170

L Telaranea europaea Irish Threadwort 172

L Telaranea murphyae Murphy's Threadwort 174

M Thamnobryum angustifolium Derbyshire Feather-moss 175

M Thamnobryum cataractarum Yorkshire Feather-moss 178

M Timmia megapolitana Indian-feather Moss 179

M Tomentypnum nitens Woolly Feather-moss 181

M Tortula cernua Flamingo-moss 183

M Tortula cuneifolia Wedge-leaved Screw-moss 185

M Tortula solmsii Solm's Screw-moss 186

M Tortula vahliana Chalk Screw-moss 188

M Tortula wilsonii Wilson's Pottia 190

M Weissia levieri Levier's Beardless-moss 191

M Weissia multicapsularis Many-fruited Beardless-moss 192

M Zygodon forsteri Knothole Yoke-moss 194

M Zygodon gracilis Slender Yoke-moss 197

Losses - The English extinctions 199

Appendix 1: British Red List species with post-2000 Welsh and Scottish records but not seen in England for over 50 years 206

Appendix 2: Species' Status Summary 207

Glossary 212

References 215

Acknowledgements 222

Index 223