Relaxation in Magnetic Resonance

Preface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. The Bloch Equations 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Static Case 2.3. Dynamic Case 2.4. Modified Bloch Equations 2.5. Summary References 3. Saturation Methods for Determining Relaxation Times 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Basic Formulas 3.3. Determination of T1 and T2 3.4. High Resolution NMR 3.5. Dispersion 3.6. Measurement of H1 3.7. Concluding Remarks References 4. Transient Resonant Absorption 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Pulse Experiments 4.3. Spin-Echoes 4.4. Measuring T2 by Spin-Echo Method A 4.5. Measuring T2 by Spin-Echo Method B 4.6. Stimulated Spin-Echo Method 4.7. Measuring T1 by Free Precession Decay 4.8. Spin Diffusion 4.9. Adiabatic Fast Passage 4.10. Pulse Saturation 4.11. Fourier Transforms and Lineshapes 4.12. Concluding Remarks References 5. Line Broadening in Solids 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Lines 5.3. The Dipolar and Exchange Hamiltonians 5.4. The Method of Moments 5.5. Exchange Narrowing 5.6. The 10/3 Effect 5.7. Dipolar Coupled Pairs 5.8. Anisotropy Broadening 5.9. Hyperfine and Quadrupolar Broadening 5.10. Dysonian Line Shape 5.11. Concluding Remarks References 6. Relaxation in Liquids 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Spontaneous Emission 6.3. Brownian Motion 6.4. Perturbation Theory 6.5. Magnetic Field Perturbations 6.6. The Dipolar Interaction 6.7. Relaxation of Nuclei through Chemical Shielding, Quadrupole Moments, and Paramagnetic Impurities 6.8. Anisotropie g-Factors 6.9. Anisotropie Hyperfine Interactions 6.10. Zero Field Splittings 6.11. Spin-Rotational Interaction and Electric Field Fluctuations 6.12. Exchange Interactions 6.13. Inter- and Intramolecular Relaxation 6.14. Conclusion References 7. The Kubo-Tomita Theory 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Density Matrix 7.3. The Relaxation Function 7.4. Moments of Spectral Lines 7.5. Motional Narrowing 7.6. Dipolar Broadening 7.7. Concluding Remarks References 8. The Redfield Theories 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Theory of Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound 8.3. Entropy Changes 8.4. Redfield's Modified Bloch Equations 8.5. The Hamiltonian Equations of Motion 8.6. Presence of Two Spin Species 8.7. Overall Graphical Results 8.8. Modulation Effects and Experimental Confirmation 8.9. Rotary Saturation 8.10. Redfield's General Relaxation Theory References 9. Inhomogeneously Broadened Lines 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Homogeneous Broadening 9.3. Inhomogeneous Broadening 9.4. The Lineshape 9.5. Gaussian Envelope of Lorentzian Spin Packets 9.6. The T2* Method for Determining T1 9.7. Portis' Four Cases 9.8. Discussion References 10. Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Ionic Solids 10.1. Introduction 10.2. The Jahn-Teller Effect 10.3. The Hamiltonian Terms 10.4. The Orbit-Lattice Interaction 10.5. Calculation of Direct Process for Ti3+ 10.6. Calculation of Raman Process for Ti3+ 10.7. Concluding Remarks References 11. Orbach Processes in Rare Earths 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Rare Earth Ions 11.3. Orbach Relaxation Processes 11.4. Crystal Field Potential 11.5. Orbit-Lattice Interaction 11.6. One Phonon Relaxation in a Non-Kramers' Salt 11.7. One Phonon Relaxation in a Kramers' Salt 11.8. Two Phonon Processes 11.9. Two Phonon Relaxation in Non-Kramers' Salts 11.10. Two Phonon Processes in Kramers' Salts 11.11. Internal Fields 11.12. Conclusions References 12. Phonon Bottleneck 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Relaxation Rates 12.3. Hot Phonon Interactions 12.4. Hot Phonon Rate Equations 12.5. Rate Equation Solutions with Zero Applied Power 12.