Chronic Kidney Disease, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

Name: Chronic Kidney Disease, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 70.2 EUR
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David J. Polzin Larry D. Cowgill(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 10. September 2016

100 Seiten

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978-0-323-47717-8 (ISBN)

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Front Cover
Chronic Kidney Disease
Copyright
Contributors
EDITORS
AUTHORS
Contents
Preface
Symmetric Dimethylarginine: Improving the Diagnosis and Staging of Chronic Kidney Disease in Small Animals
Kidney Disease and the Nexus of Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Injury: The Role of Novel Biomarkers as Early and Accurate Diagnostics
Is Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease a Slow Acute Kidney Injury?
Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats
Controversies in Veterinary Nephrology: Renal Diets Are Indicated for Cats with International Renal Interest Society Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 2 to 4: The Pro View
Controversies in Veterinary Nephrology: Renal Diets Are Indicated for Cats with International Renal Interest Society Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 2 to 4: The Con View
Controversies in Veterinary Nephrology: Differing Viewpoints: Role of Dietary Protein in the Management of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease
Utilization of Feeding Tubes in the Management of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease
Management of Proteinuria in Dogs and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Update on Mineral and Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease
Does Secondary Renal Osteopathy Exist in Companion Animals?
Update on Medical Management of Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease
Nephroureteral Obstructions: The Use of Stents and Ureteral Bypass Systems for Renal Decompression
Update on the Current Status of Kidney Transplantation for Chronic Kidney Disease in Animals
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
January 2017
March 2017
May 2017
RECENT ISSUES
September 2016
July 2016
May 2016
Preface
Symmetric Dimethylarginine
Key points
Introduction
Discovery
Biochemistry
Methylarginine Synthesis
Elimination
Current challenges with assessing kidney function
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Poor Sensitivity and Specificity of Serum Creatinine Testing
Analytical Variability of Serum Creatinine Measurements
Criteria for a Better Kidney Biomarker
Symmetric dimethylarginine correlates with glomerular filtration rate
Dogs with X-linked Hereditary Nephropathy
Cats, Azotemic and Nonazotemic
Reference interval development
Dogs
Cats
Symmetric dimethylarginine level increases earlier than creatinine
Cats
Dogs
Specificity of symmetric dimethylarginine
International Renal Interest Society chronic kidney disease guidelines inclusion
The IDEXX symmetric dimethylarginine test
Validation
Clinical Use
Patient data and impact
Summary
References
Kidney Disease and the Nexus of Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Injury
Key points
KIDNEY DISEASE AND THE NEXUS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
BIOMARKERS
CREATININE AS A KIDNEY FUNCTION BIOMARKER AND FALSE RESPONSES
RENAL BIOMARKER DISCOVERY
KIDNEY-SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS
SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLATED ARGININE
Discovery
Biochemistry
SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLATED ARGININE AS A MARKER FOR RENAL FUNCTION
CORRELATION WITH GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLATED ARGININE AS AN EARLY AND RELIABLE RENAL BIOMARKER IN CATS AND DOGS
SPECIFICITY OF SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLATED ARGININE AS A RENAL BIOMARKER
IMPACT OF EARLY NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS
URINARY CLUSTERIN
URINARY AND SERUM CYSTATIN B
SERUM INOSINE
NEUTROPHIL-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN
OTHER RENAL BIOMARKERS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Is Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease a Slow Acute Kidney Injury?
Key points
THE 2015 INTERNATIONAL RENAL INTEREST SOCIETY NAPA MEETING
IS THERE A NEED TO DISTINGUISH TWO SPECIFIC TYPES OF KIDNEY DISEASE: ACUTE VERSUS CHRONIC?
IDENTIFICATION OF PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE SEARCH FOR ACTIVE INJURY MARKERS
CANDIDATE BIOMARKERS FOR ACTIVE KIDNEY INJURY
POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF NOVEL ACTIVE INJURY KIDNEY BIOMARKERS TO FORECAST EARLY KIDNEY INJURY
Early Recognition of Acute Kidney Injury
Active Kidney Injury in Urinary Tract Infection
Active Kidney Injury in Acute and Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome
IS PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE A SLOW-MOVING ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY? A NEW LOOK AT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
REFERENCES
Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CAUSE OF FELINE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
AGING AND THE KIDNEY
ASSOCIATION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH DEMOGRAPHIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS
ASSOCIATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH CONCURRENT DISEASE
Cardiovascular and Renal Disorder
Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperthyroidism
Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Stone Disease
Infectious Disease
Urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Morbillivirus
Leptospirosis
Bartonellosis
RENAL INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS: THE KIDNEY'S RESPONSE TO INJURY
Myofibroblasts
Inflammatory Cells
Pericytes
Tubular Epithelial Cells
EVIDENCE OF FIBROSIS IN FELINE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
MECHANISMS OF PROGRESSION AND MALADAPTIVE REPAIR IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
HEMODYNAMIC ADAPTATIONS
ACTIVATION OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION
PROTEINURIA
HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA
HYPOXIA
OXIDATIVE STRESS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Controversies in Veterinary Nephrology: Renal Diets Are Indicated for Cats with International Renal Interest Society Chroni ...
Key points
THE EFFECTS OF IMPAIRED KIDNEY FUNCTION ON FOOD AND WATER INTAKE
FELINE RENAL DIETS AND NUTRITION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
EVIDENCE SUPPORTING RENAL DIETS AS EFFECTIVE IN CATS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
WHAT IS THE RATIONAL FOR PROTEIN RESTRICTION IN RENAL DIETS?
THE INTERNATIONAL RENAL INTEREST SOCIETY'S GUIDELINES FOR DIETARY THERAPY IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
MUSCLE WASTING AND THE UREMIC ENVIRONMENT
FEEDING HIGHER-PROTEIN DIETS TO CATS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
RENAL DIETS: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
CLINICAL DECISION PROCESS FOR FEEDING CATS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
SUPPORTING NUTRITION BY PROMOTING ADEQUATE FOOD CONSUMPTION
REFERENCES
Controversies in Veterinary Nephrology: Renal Diets Are Indicated for Cats with International Renal Interest Society Chroni ...
Key points
INTRODUCTION: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FELINE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES AND GOALS OF DIETARY MANAGEMENT
DIETARY MANAGEMENT IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Protein
Phosphorus
Sodium
Fatty acids
Potassium
Acid-Base Balance
Energy Intake, Loss of Body Weight, and Body Condition
Water
Other Nutrients
COMMENTARY: FUTURE DIRECTIONS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Controversies in Veterinary Nephrology: Differing Viewpoints
Key points
REFERENCES
Utilization of Feeding Tubes in the Management of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease
Key points
APPROPRIATE NUTRITION IS CRITICAL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
MALNUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
CALCULATING CALORIE NEEDS
ASSISTED ENTERAL FEEDING
COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH FEEDING TUBES
ESOPHAGOSTOMY TUBE MAINTENANCE
LONG-TERM TUBE MAINTENANCE
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Appendix 1. APPENDIX 1 ESOPHAGOSTOMY TUBE PLACEMENT
Management of Proteinuria in Dogs and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Key points
PROTEINURIA AS A PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
NORMAL RENAL HANDLING OF PROTEIN
LABORATORY TESTS FOR URINE PROTEIN
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF PROTEINURIA
INHIBITION OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM TO MANAGE PROTEINURIA
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Combined Therapy with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Aldosterone Breakthrough
Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists
Monitoring Drug Therapy
Making Therapeutic Adjustments for Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors
Managing Hyperkalemia
MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION
DIET
RENAL BIOPSY
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS
REFERENCES
Update on Mineral and Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease
Key points
MINERAL AND BONE DISORDERS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Osteodystrophy
Vessel and Tissue Mineralization
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE MINERAL AND BONE DISORDER
Dietary Therapy
Phosphate Binders
Treating Hyperphosphatemic, Hypocalcemic Patients
Treating Hyperphosphatemic, Normocalcemic Patients
Treating Hyperphosphatemic, Hypercalcemic Patients
CONTROLLING SERUM PARATHYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATION
Vitamin D Analogues
Calcimimetics
Hemodialysis
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Does Secondary Renal Osteopathy Exist in Companion Animals?
Key points
INTRODUCTION
Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Prevalence of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease
Bone Abnormalities Associated with Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Renal osteodystrophy
METHODS TO ASSESS BONE QUALITY
Bone Mineral Density
Porosity
Mechanical Assessment of Bone Quality: Bending Tests
RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY IN HUMAN AND ANIMALS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Renal Osteodystrophy in Human Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Bone Abnormalities in Veterinary Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Material Properties of the Cortical Bone
Bone Geometry
Mechanical Properties of the Cortical Bone
PROPERTIES OF CANCELLOUS BONE
Species Differences
DOGS AND CATS AS A MODEL FOR RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY IN HUMANS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Update on Medical Management of Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease
Key points
MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Introduction/Etiology/Epidemiology
Patient Evaluations
Treatment Recommendations
Evaluation of Outcome/Complications
MANAGEMENT OF HYPOKALEMIA
Introduction/Etiology/Epidemiology
Patient Evaluations
Treatment Recommendations
Evaluation of Outcome/Complications
MANAGEMENT OF ANEMIA
Introduction/Etiology/Epidemiology
Patient Evaluations
Treatment Recommendations
Evaluation of Outcome/Complications
MANAGEMENT OF UREMIC DYSREXIA, NAUSEA, AND VOMITING
Introduction/Etiology/Epidemiology
Patient Evaluations
Treatment Recommendations
Evaluation of Outcome/Complications
MANAGEMENT OF CONSTIPATION
Introduction/Etiology/Epidemiology
Patient Evaluations
Treatment Recommendations
Evaluation of Outcome/Complications
BALANCING MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE
REFERENCES
Nephroureteral Obstructions
Key points
INTRODUCTION
Diagnosis
Decision-making
Treatment
Ureteral stenting
Ureteral bypass
REFERENCES
Update on the Current Status of Kidney Transplantation for Chronic Kidney Disease in Animals
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CANDIDATE PRESENTATION
RECIPIENT EVALUATION
Typing and Cross-Matching Incompatibilities
Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension
Urinary Tract Evaluation
Evaluation for Infectious Disease
KIDNEY DONORS
PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT
Immunosuppressive Therapy
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy
ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT
SURGERY
POSTOPERATIVE MONITORING AND TROUBLESHOOTING PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS
LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS
Acute Rejection
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis
Immunosuppressive Therapy
Infection
NEOPLASIA
DIABETES MELLITUS
COMPLICATIONS IN DOGS
OUTCOME
REFERENCES
Index

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