What Bugged the Dinosaurs?

Preface ix

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction 1

Chapter 1: Fossils: A Time Capsule 7

Chapter 2: The Cretaceous: A Time of Change 17

Chapter 3: Herbivory 37

Chapter 4: Dinosaurs Competing with Insects 50

Chapter 5: Did Dinosaurs or Insects "Invent" Flowering Plants? 55

Chapter 6: Pollination 57

Chapter 7: Blights and Diseases of Cretaceous Plants 63

Chapter 8: The Cretaceous: Age of Chimeras and Other Oddities 72

Chapter 9: Sanitary Engineers of the Cretaceous 79

Chapter 10: The Case for Entomophagy among Dinosaurs 91

Chapter 11: Gorging on Dinosaurs 102

Chapter 12: Biting Midges 110

Chapter 13: Sand Flies 116

Chapter 14: Mosquitoes 122

Chapter 15: Blackflies 127

Chapter 16: Horseflies and Deerflies 131

Chapter 17: Fleas and Lice 135

Chapter 18: Ticks and Mites 141

Chapter 19: Parasitic Worms 147

Chapter 20: The Discovery of Cretaceous Diseases 157

Chapter 21: Diseases and the Evolution of Pathogens 171

Chapter 22: Insects: The Ultimate Survivors 185

Chapter 23: Extinctions and the K/T Boundary 192

APPENDIX A: Cretaceous Hexapoda 203

APPENDIX B: Key Factors Contributing to the Survival of Terrestrial Animals 219

APPENDIX C: Problems with Evaluating the Fossil Record and Extinctions 221

References 225

Index 253