Climate Future

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Averting and Adapting: The Basic Argument 1.2 What Is Adaptation? 1.2.1 Concerns about Adaptation 1.2.2 Carbon Removal and Sequestration 1.3 What Comes Next 1.4 Further Readings CHAPTER 2: THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM 2.1 A Few Facts and Numbers 2.2 An Optimistic Scenario 2.3 The Bottom Line 2.4 Further Readings CHAPTER 3: WHAT WE KNOWAND DON'T KNOWABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE 3.1 The Social Cost of Carbon 3.2 Climate Change Basics 3.3 What We Know (or Sort of Know) 3.3.1 What Drives CO2 Emissions? 3.3.2 What Drives the Atmospheric CO2 Concentration? 3.4 What We Don't Know 3.4.1 Climate Sensitivity 3.4.2 The Impact of Climate Change 3.4.3 A Catastrophic Outcome 3.5 Further Readings CHAPTER 4: THE ROLE OF UNCERTAINTY IN CLIMATE POLICY 4.1 Implications of Uncertainty 4.1.1 The Treatment of Uncertainty 4.1.2 How Does Uncertainty Affect Climate Policy? 4.1.3 The Value of Climate Insurance 4.1.4 The Effects of Irreversibilities 4.2 Further Readings 4.3 Appendix to Chapter 4: Effects of Irreversibilities CHAPTER 5: CLIMATE POLICY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: WHAT CAN WE EXPECT? 5.1 CO2 Emission Reductions 5.1.1 The United States 5.1.2 The U.K. and Europe 5.1.3 China 5.1.4 The Global Picture 5.2 CO2, Methane, and Temperature Change 5.2.1 The Warming Effect of CO2 Emissions 5.2.2 Methane Emissions 5.2.3 The Warming Effect of Methane Emissions 5.3 Temperature Change Scenarios 5.3.1 Changes in Temperature 5.3.2 Implications of Uncertainty 5.4 Rising Sea Levels 5.5 Summary 5.6 Further Readings 5.7 Appendix to Chapter 5: Temperature Scenarios CHAPTER 6: WHAT TO DO: REDUCING NET EMISSIONS 6.1 How to Reduce Emissions 6.1.1 A Carbon Price 6.1.2 Government Subsidies 6.1.3 Government Mandates 6.1.4 Cap-and-Trade 6.1.5 How Large a Carbon Tax? 6.1.6 An International Agreement 6.1.7 Research & Development 6.2 Nuclear Power 6.3 Removing Carbon 6.3.1 Trees, Forests, and CO2 6.3.2 Carbon Removal and Sequestration 6.3.3 The Bottom Line 6.4 Further Readings CHAPTER 7: WHAT TO DO: ADAPTATION 7.1 Adaptation in Agriculture 7.1.1 What Can the Data Tell Us? 7.1.2 An Historical Experiment 7.1.3 What To Expect? 7.2 Hurricanes, Storms, and Rising Sea Levels 7.2.1 Flooding and Its Impact 7.2.2 Physical Barriers to Flooding 7.2.3 Natural Barriers to Flooding 7.2.4 Private and Public/Private Adaptation 7.2.5 Flood Insurance 7.2.6 Flood Risk in Asia 7.2.7 What to Expect? 7.3 Solar Geoengineering 7.3.1 How It Would Work 7.3.2 How Much Would It Cost? 7.3.3 Problems with Solar Geoengineering 7.3.4 What to Do? 7.4 Can Adaptation Solve Our Climate Problem? 7.5 Climate Future 7.6 Further Readings Bibliography