Measuring ROI in Environment, Health, and Safety

Name: Measuring ROI in Environment, Health, and Safety
Brand: Wiley-Scrivener
Price: 75.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Jack J. Phillips Patricia Pulliam Phillips Al Pulliam(Autor*in)

Wiley-Scrivener (Verlag)

Erschienen am 24. Dezember 2013

488 Seiten

E-Book

PDF mit Adobe-DRM

Systemvoraussetzungen

978-1-118-89922-9 (ISBN)

75,99 €inkl. 7% MwSt.

Systemvoraussetzungen

für PDF mit Adobe-DRM

E-Book Einzellizenz

Als Download verfügbar

Beschreibung

Weitere Details

Weitere Ausgaben

Personen

Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
List of Authors
1 Environment, Health and Safety is Everywhere
1.1 The New Role of EHS
1.2 Environmental Initiatives
1.2.1 Energy Saving Projects
1.2.2 Recycling Programs
1.2.3 Water Conservation Projects
1.2.4 Waste Management Solutions
1.2.5 Air Pollution Projects
1.3 Safety Initiatives
1.3.1 Safety Management Systems
1.3.2 Safety Leadership Programs
1.3.3 Safety Auditing Programs
1.3.4 First Aid and Personal Protection
1.3.5 Workers' Compensation
1.3.6 Accident Prevention (Causation and Investigation)
1.3.7 Safety Incentives
1.3.8 System Safety
1.3.9 Fire Prevention and Protection
1.3.10 Behavior Based Safety Programs
1.3.11 Workplace Violence
1.3.12 Hazardous Chemicals and Materials
1.3.13 Occupational Health Programs and Initiatives
1.4 Health and Fitness
1.4.1 Health Screenings
1.4.2 Healthy Eating and Nutrition
1.4.3 Smoking Cessation Programs
1.4.4 Obesity Programs
1.4.5 Industrial Hygiene
1.4.6 Ergonomics
1.4.7 Stress Management
1.5 Managing Change in EHS
1.5.1 Employer Image
1.5.2 EHS and The Bottom Line
1.6 Final Thoughts
2 Is It Worth It?
2.1 EHS Killers
2.1.1 Reaction
2.1.2 Learning
2.1.3 Application and Implementation
2.1.4 Impact
2.1.5 ROI
2.1.6 EHS Facades
2.2 Value Redefined
2.2.1 Types of Values
2.2.2 The Importance of Monetary Values
2.2.3 The "Show Me" Generation
2.2.4 The New Definition of Value
2.3 Why Now?
2.3.1 Project Failures
2.3.2 Project Costs
2.3.3 Accountability Trend
2.3.4 Business Focus of EHS Managers
2.3.5 The Growth of Project Management
2.3.6 Evidence-Based or Fact-Based Management
2.3.7 Benchmarking Limitations
2.3.8 The Executive Appetite for Monetary Value
2.4 EHS Chain of Impact
2.5 Shortcomings of Current Measurement and Evaluation Systems
2.5.1 Focus of Use
2.5.2 Standards
2.5.3 Types of Data
2.5.4 Dynamic Adjustments
2.5.5 Connectivity
2.5.6 Approach
2.5.7 Conservative Nature
2.5.8 Simplicity
2.5.9 Theoretical Foundation
2.5.10 Acceptance
2.6 EHS Leadership: A Requirement for Success
2.7 Challenges Along the Way
2.7.1 The Commitment Dilemma
2.7.2 Lack of Preparation and Skills
2.7.3 Fear of ROI
2.7.4 Lack of Time to Respond
2.7.5 Procrastination
2.7.6 Failure to Value the Power of Credible Data
2.7.7 Misleading Hype
2.7.8 Failure to Sustain the Use of ROI
2.8 Final Thoughts
3 Investing in Environment, Safety and Health Initiatives
3.1 Overview
3.2 Strategy 1: Avoid the Investment
3.2.1 Forces Driving This Strategy
3.2.2 Techniques to Persuade a Change in Investment Strategy
3.3 Strategy 2: Invest the Minimum
3.3.1 Basic Approach
3.3.2 Forces Driving the Strategy
3.3.3 Techniques to Persuade These Organizations to Change Their Strategy
3.4 Strategy 3: Invest with the Rest
3.4.1 Forces Driving the Strategy
3.4.2 Benchmark Measures
3.4.3 Concerns with This Strategy
3.4.4 Customized Benchmarking
3.4.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of This Strategy
3.5 Strategy 4: Invest Until It Hurts
3.5.1 Rationale for the Strategy
3.5.2 Signs of Overinvesting
3.5.3 Forces Driving This Strategy
3.5.4 Concerns with This Strategy
3.6 Strategy 5: Invest as Long as there is Payoff
3.6.1 The Strategy
3.6.2 Forces Driving Change
3.6.3 The ROI Methodology
3.6.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of This Strategy
3.7 Final Thoughts
4 The ROI Methodology: A Tool to Measure and Improve
4.1 A Brief Overview
4.2 Results Framework
4.2.1 Level 0: Input
4.2.2 Level 1: Reaction and Perceived Value
4.2.3 Level 2: Learning and Awareness
4.2.4 Level 3: Application and Implementation
4.2.5 Level 4: Impact
4.2.6 Level 5: Return on Investment
4.2.7 Intangible Benefits
4.3 Results Framework and Business Alignment
4.3.1 Initial Analysis
4.3.2 Project Objectives
4.3.3 Forecasting
4.4 Benefits of Developing the Chain of Impact
4.5 The ROI Process Model
4.5.1 Planning the Evaluation
4.5.2 Collecting Data
4.5.3 Isolating the Effects of the Project
4.5.4 Converting Data to Monetary Values
4.5.5 Identifying Intangible Benefits
4.5.6 Tabulating Project Costs
4.5.7 Calculating the Return on Investment
4.5.8 Reporting
4.6 Operating Standards and Philosophy
4.7 Case Application and Practice
4.8 Implementation
4.9 Benefits of Applying the ROI Methodology
4.9.1 Aligning Projects with the Business
4.9.2 Validating the Value Proposition
4.9.3 Improving Processes
4.9.4 Enhancing Image
4.9.5 Improving Support
4.9.6 Justifying or Enhancing Budgets
4.9.7 Building Partnerships with Key Executives
4.9.8 Earning a Seat at the Table
4.10 Final Thoughts
5 Project Positioning
5.1 Creating Business Alignment
5.1.1 The Purpose of Alignment
5.1.2 Disciplined Analysis
5.2 Determining Payoff Needs
5.2.1 Obvious Versus Not-So-Obvious Payoff
5.2.2 The Cost of a Problem
5.2.3 The Value of an Opportunity
5.2.4 To Forecast or Not to Forecast?
5.3 Determining Business Needs
5.3.1 The Opportunity
5.3.2 Hard Data Measures
5.3.3 Soft Data Measures
5.3.4 Tangible Versus Intangible Benefits
5.3.5 Impact Data Sources
5.4 Determining Performance Needs
5.4.1 Analysis Techniques
5.4.2 A Sensible Approach
5.5 Determining Learning Needs
5.6 Determining Preference Needs
5.7 Developing Objectives for EHS Projects and Programs
5.7.1 Reaction Objectives
5.7.2 Learning Objectives
5.7.3 Application and Implementation Objectives
5.7.4 Impact Objectives
5.7.5 ROI Objectives
5.8 Case Study Examples
5.8.1 Progressive Specialty Company
5.8.2 Western Food Services
5.9 Final Thoughts
6 Measuring Reaction and Learning
6.1 Why Measure Reaction?
6.1.1 Customer Satisfaction
6.1.2 Immediate Adjustments
6.1.3 Predictive Capability
6.1.4 Important but Not Exclusive
6.2 Sources of Data for Measuring Reaction
6.2.1 Participants
6.2.2 Managers and Supervisors
6.2.3 Other Team Members
6.2.4 Sponsors and Senior Managers
6.3 Areas of Feedback
6.4 Data Collection Timing for Measuring Reaction
6.5 Data Collection Methods for Measuring Reaction
6.5.1 Questionnaires and Surveys
6.5.2 Interviews
6.5.3 Focus Groups
6.6 Use of Reaction Data
6.7 Why Measure Learning?
6.7.1 Compliance Issues
6.7.2 Use and Development of Competencies
6.7.3 Role of Learning in EHS Projects
6.8 Challenges and Benefits of Measuring Learning
6.8.1 Challenges
6.8.2 Benefits
6.9 Learning Measurement Issues
6.9.1 Project Objectives
6.9.2 Typical Measures
6.9.3 Timing
6.10 Data Collection Methods for Measuring Learning
6.10.1 Questionnaires and Surveys
6.10.2 Simulations
6.10.3 Case Studies
6.10.4 Informal Assessments
6.11 Use of Learning Data
6.12 Final Thoughts
7 Measuring Application, Implementation and Impact
7.1 Why Measure Application and Implementation?
7.1.1 Focus on the Project
7.1.2 Identify Problems and Opportunities
7.1.3 Reward Effectiveness
7.2 Application Measurement Issues
7.2.1 Sufficient Amount of Data
7.2.2 Application Needs
7.2.3 Objectives
7.2.4 Coverage Areas
7.2.5 Data Sources
7.2.6 Timing
7.3 Data Collection Methods for Measuring Application
7.3.1 Questionnaires
7.3.2 Interviews, Focus Groups and Observation
7.3.3 Action Plans
7.4 Barriers to Application
7.5 Use of Application Data
7.6 Why Measure Impact?
7.6.1 "Show the Money" to Sponsors
7.6.2 Easy to Measure
7.7 Impact Measurement Issues
7.7.1 Metric Fundamentals
7.7.2 Scorecards
7.7.3 Specific Measures Linked to Projects
7.7.4 Business Performance Data Monitoring
7.7.5 Appropriate Measures
7.8 Data Collection Methods for Measuring Impact
7.8.1 Action Plans
7.8.2 Performance Contracts
7.8.3 Questionnaires
7.9 Considerations for Selecting Data Collection Methods
7.9.1 Type of Data
7.9.2 Investment of Participant Time
7.9.3 Cost of Method
7.9.4 Disruption of Normal Activities
7.9.5 Accuracy of Method
7.9.6 Utility of an Additional Method (Source or Timeframe)
7.9.7 Cultural Bias of Data Collection Method
7.10 Measuring the Hard to Measure
7.10.1 Everything can be Measured
7.10.2 Perceptions are Important
7.10.3 All Measures can be Converted to Money, but Not All Measures should be
7.11 Final Thoughts
8 Isolating the Impact of EHS Projects
8.1 Why the Concern About Isolating Project Impact?
8.1.1 Reality
8.1.2 Myths
8.2 Preliminary Issues
8.2.1 Chain of Impact
8.2.2 Identify Other Factors: A First Step
8.3 Methods to Isolate the Impact of Projects
8.3.1 Control Groups
8.3.2 Trendline Analysis
8.3.3 Forecasting Methods
8.3.4 Estimates
8.3.5 Estimate Credibility: The Wisdom of Crowds
8.3.6 Calculate the Impact of Other Factors
8.4 Considerations When Selecting Isolation Methods
8.5 Final Thoughts
9 Converting Impact Data to Money
9.1 Why the Concern About Converting Data to Monetary Values?
9.1.1 Normalize the Definition of Value
9.1.2 Make Impact More Meaningful
9.1.3 Align Budgeting Process
9.1.4 Align Operations
9.1.5 Clarify the Magnitude of an Issue
9.2 Five Steps to Convert Data to Money
9.2.1 Focus on the Unit of Measure
9.2.2 Determine the Value of Each Unit
9.2.3 Calculate the Change in Performance Data
9.2.4 Determine the Annual Amount of Change
9.2.5 Calculate the Annual Value of the Improvement
9.3 The Five Steps to Convert Data in Practice
9.4 Methods to Convert Impact Measures to Money
9.4.1 Standard Values
9.4.2 Historical Costs
9.4.3 Expert Input
9.4.4 External Databases
9.4.5 Linkage with Other Measures
9.4.6 Estimates
9.5 Considerations When Selecting Data Conversion Methods
9.5.1 Type of Data
9.5.2 Accuracy of Method
9.5.3 Source Availability
9.5.4 Perspective
9.5.5 Need for Multiple Techniques
9.5.6 Credibility
9.5.7 Management Adjustment
9.5.8 Short-Term Versus Long-Term Issue
9.5.9 Time Value of Money
9.6 Intangible Benefits of EHS Projects
9.6.1 The Importance of Intangibles
9.6.2 Measuring Intangible Benefits
9.6.3 Identifying and Collecting Intangibles
9.6.4 Analyzing Intangibles
9.7 Final Thoughts
10 Calculating the ROI
10.1 Why the Concern About Project Costs?
10.2 Fundamental Cost Issues
10.2.1 Fully Loaded Costs
10.2.2 Costs Without Benefits
10.2.3 Cost Guidelines
10.2.4 Sources of Costs
10.2.5 Prorated Versus Direct Costs
10.2.6 Employee Benefits Factor
10.3 Fully Loaded Cost Profile
10.3.1 Initial Analysis and Assessment
10.3.2 Development of EHS Projects
10.3.3 Acquisition
10.3.4 Implementation
10.3.5 Maintenance and Monitoring
10.3.6 Support and Overhead
10.3.7 Evaluation and Reporting
10.4 Cost Classifications
10.5 The ROI Calculation
10.5.1 Benefit-Cost Ratio
10.5.2 ROI
10.6 ROI Misuse
10.7 ROI Targets
10.8 Intangibles Revisited
10.9 Other ROI Measures
10.9.1 Payback Period (Break-Even Analysis)
10.9.2 Discounted Cash Flow
10.9.3 Internal Rate of Return
10.10 Final Thoughts
11 Reporting Results
11.1 Why the Concern About Communicating Results?
11.1.1 Make Improvements
11.1.2 Explain the Contribution
11.1.3 Manage Sensitive Issues
11.1.4 Address Diverse Audience Needs
11.2 Principles of Communicating Results
11.2.1 Time Communication Strategically
11.2.2 Target Communication to Specific Audiences
11.2.3 Select Media Carefully
11.2.4 Keep a Communication Objective
11.2.5 Use Communication Consistently
11.2.6 Include Anecdotal Data from Respected Sources
11.2.7 Account for Audience Opinion
11.3 The Process for Communicating Results
11.3.1 Analyze the Need for Communication
11.3.2 Plan the Communication Strategy
11.3.3 Select the Target Audience
11.3.4 Develop the Report
11.3.5 Select the Media
11.3.6 Present the Results
11.3.7 Analyze Reactions
11.4 The EHS Scorecard
11.4.1 The Importance of a Scorecard
11.4.2 Macro-Level Scorecards
11.4.3 Measures to Include in the Scorecard
11.4.4 Getting Started
11.5 Final Thoughts
12 Implementing and Sustaining ROI
12.1 The Concern About Implementing and Sustaining ROI
12.1.1 Resistance is Inevitable
12.1.2 Implementation is Key
12.1.3 Consistency is Necessary
12.1.4 Efficiency is Essential
12.2 Implementing the Process: Overcoming Resistance
12.3 Assessing the Climate
12.4 Developing Roles and Responsibilities
12.4.1 Identifying a Champion
12.4.2 Developing the ROI Leader
12.4.3 Establishing a Task Force
12.4.4 Assigning Responsibilities
12.5 Establishing Goals and Plans
12.6 Revising or Developing Policies and Guidelines
12.7 Preparing the Project Team
12.7.1 Involving the Project Team
12.7.2 Using ROI as a Learning and Project Improvement Tool
12.7.3 Teaching the Team
12.8 Initiating ROI Projects
12.8.1 Selecting the Initial Project
12.8.2 Developing the Planning Documents
12.8.3 Reporting Progress
12.8.4 Establishing Discussion Groups
12.9 Preparing Sponsors and Management Team
12.10 Removing Obstacles
12.10.1 Dispelling Myths
12.10.2 Delivering Bad News
12.10.3 Using the Data
12.11 Monitoring Progress
12.12 Final Thoughts
References
13 Measuring ROI in Safety Management for Project Leaders
13.1 Background
13.1.1 The Need
13.1.2 Business Alignment
13.2 Why Evaluate this Program?
13.3 The ROI Process
13.4 Planning for Evaluation
13.5 Data Collection Plan
13.6 ROI Analysis Plan
13.7 Action Planning: A Key to ROI Analysis
13.7.1 Teaching and Explaining the Plan
13.7.2 Developing the Plan
13.8 ROI Forecast with Reaction Data
13.9 Improving Response Rates
13.10 Results
13.10.1 Reaction and Learning
13.10.2 Application and Implementation
13.10.3 Business Impact
13.10.4 Program Cost
13.10.5 ROI Analysis
13.10.6 Credibility of Data
13.10.7 Intangible Data
13.10.8 The Payoff: Balanced Data
13.11 Communication Strategy
13.12 Lessons Learned
13.13 Discussion Questions
14 Measuring ROI in a Modular/Reusable Safety Railing System
14.1 Background
14.2 Problem Definition
14.3 Project Background
14.4 Business Alignment
14.5 Evaluation Methodology
14.5.1 Data Collection Plan
14.5.2 ROI Analysis Plan
14.6 Evaluation Results
14.6.1 Level 1: Reaction and Planned Action
14.6.2 Level 2: Learning and Confidence
14.6.3 Level 3: Application and Implementation
14.6.4 Level 4: Business Impact
14.6.5 Level 5: ROI
14.6.6 Intangible Data
14.7 Communication Strategy
14.8 Lessons Learned
14.9 Questions For Discussion
15 Measuring ROI in an Ergonomics-Based Risk Management Intervention
15.1 Background
15.1.1 Project Formation
15.1.2 Project Purpose
15.1.3 Project Objectives
15.1.4 Purpose of Evaluation
15.2 Evaluation Methodology
15.2.1 Categories or Levels of Data
15.2.2 Standards or Guiding Principles
15.2.3 Example Data Collection Instruments
15.2.4 Isolation Techniques
15.2.5 Data Conversion Techniques
15.2.6 Cost Summary
15.3 Evaluation Results
15.3.1 Level 1: Reaction
15.3.2 Level 2: Learning
15.3.3 Level 3: Application
15.3.4 Barriers to Application
15.3.5 Enablers to Application
15.3.6 Level 4: Business Impact
15.3.7 Level 5: ROI
15.4 Communication Strategy
15.4.1 Results Reporting
15.4.2 Stakeholder Response
15.5 Lessons Learned
Questions for Discussion
About the Author
Resources
16 Measuring ROI in Stress Management
16.1 Background
16.1.1 Needs Assessment
16.1.2 Summary of Findings
16.1.3 Program Planning and Design
16.2 Why ROI?
16.2.1 Data Collection Plan
16.2.2 ROI Analysis Plan
16.2.3 Management Involvement
16.2.4 Control Group Arrangement
16.3 Program Results
16.3.1 Questionnaire Response
16.3.2 Application Data
16.3.3 Barriers
16.3.4 Management Support
16.3.5 Impact Data
16.3.6 Monetary Values
16.3.7 Intangible Benefits
16.3.8 Program Costs
16.3.9 Results: ROI
16.4 Communication Strategies
16.5 Policy and Practice Implications
16.6 Questions for Discussion
17 Measuring ROI in a Safety Incentive Program
17.1 Background
17.1.1 A Performance Problem
17.1.2 Needs Assessment
17.2 The Solution
17.2.1 The Measure of Success
17.2.2 The Incentive Plan
17.2.3 Implementation of the Incentive Plan
17.2.4 Cost Monitoring
17.3 Data Collection and Analysis
17.4 Data Interpretation and Conclusion
17.5 Calculating the Return on Investment
17.6 Communication of Results
17.7 Questions for Discussion
18 Measuring ROI in a Job Safety Training Program at a Major Food Retailer
18.1 Background
18.1.1 Key Business Issues
18.1.2 Baseline Evaluation
18.1.3 Learning Intervention
18.2 Evaluation Methodology
18.2.1 Data Collection Plan
18.2.2 Isolating Effects of the Intervention
18.2.3 Results of Training
18.3 Calculating ROI
18.3.1 Benefit-to-Cost Ratio
18.3.2 ROI
18.4 Barriers and Enablers
18.4.1 Enablers
18.4.2 Barriers
18.5 Communication Plan
18.6 Conclusion
18.7 About the Author
19 Measuring ROI in a Work-at-Home Program
19.1 FMI: PART A
19.1.1 Background
19.1.2 The Analysis and Initial Alignment
19.1.3 Questions for Discussion
19.2 FMI: PART B
19.2.1 Objectives and Alignment
19.2.2 Questions for Discussion
19.3 FMI: PART C
19.3.1 ROI Forecast Process
19.3.2 Questions for Discussion
19.4 FMI: PART D
19.4.1 The Solution
19.4.2 Questions for Discussion
19.5 FMI: PART E
19.5.1 ROI Planning
19.5.2 Questions for Discussion
19.6 FMI: PART F
19.6.1 Results: Reaction and Learning
19.6.2 Learning
19.6.3 Results: Application
19.6.4 Results: Impact
19.6.5 Costs
19.7 Questions for Discussion
19.8 FMI: PART G
19.8.1 Results: ROI and Intangibles
19.9 Questions for Discussion
Index

Inhalt (PDF)

Systemvoraussetzungen

Als PDF speichern Als Link merken