Cerebral Cortex

1 Synaptic Interactions between Cortical Neurons.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Visual Cortex.- 3. Auditory Cortex.- 4. Somatosensory Cortex.- 5. Motor Cortex.- 6. Association Cortex.- 7. Hippocampus.- 8. Summary and Conclusions.- 9. References.- 2 The Role of Layer I in Cortical Function.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Behavioral Role of Layer I.- 3. Layer I in Sensory Cortices.- 4. Architecture of Layer I.- 5. The Proximal and Distal GABAergic Systems.- 6. Compartmentation of Afferent Connections.- 7. Passive and Active Interactions between Distal and Proximal Dendritic Compartments.- 8. Cholinergic Projections: Organization and Role in Event Holding.- 9. Noradrenergic Projections to Layer I and Memory Consolidation.- 10. What Is the Role of Layer I in Cortical Function?.- 11. References.- 3 Synapse Replacement on Cortical Neurons following Denervation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Process of Reinnervation in the Dentate Gyrus of Adult Rats: Nature of the Growth Response of Pre- and Postsynaptic Elements.- 3. Role of Glial Cells in Synapse Remodeling.- 4. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Lesion-Induced Growth.- 5. Cellular and Molecular Processes Associated with the Phase of Terminal Degeneration, Dendritic Atrophy, and Glial Proliferation and Hypertrophy.- 6. Cellular and Molecular Processes Associated with the Phase of Terminal Proliferation, Synaptogenesis, and Dendritic Regrowth.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 4 Olfactory Frontal Cortex and Multiple Olfactory Processing in Primates.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Olfactory Frontal Cortex in Primates.- 3. Studies on Multiple Olfactory Processing in Primates.- 4. Summary.- 5. Abbreviations.- 6. References.- 5 The Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Pain Sensation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Evidence That the Cerebral Cortex Plays a Role inPain Sensation.- 3. Experimental Evidence for a Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Pain.- 4. Electrophysiological Evidence for a Role of Cerebral Cortical Neurons in Nociception.- 5. Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Pain Modulation.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 6 The Cerebral Organization of Language.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Metabolic Studies of Language in Normal Volunteers.- 3. Metabolic Mapping Studies of Language in Aphasic Patients.- 4. Electrical Stimulation Mapping.- 5. Computerized Axial Tomography.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 7 Cerebrocortical Asymmetry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Issues Concerning Brain Asymmetry.- 3. Gross and Microscopic Cerebral Asymmetries.- 4. Asymmetry versus Symmetry of Brain Areas.- 5. References.- 8 Alertness, Quiet Sleep, Dreaming.- 1. States of Vigilance.- 2. Physiological Bases of Rhythmic Electrical Activity.- 3. State Dependency of Sensory Processing and Motor Control.- 4. Brain-Stem and Basal Forebrain Modulatory Systems.- 5. References.- 9 Coma and Related Global Disturbances of the Human Conscious State.- 1. Neurologic Aspects of Coma.- 2. Experimental Studies of Arousal Mechanisms.- 3. Human Studies on Pathologically Altered States of Sleep, Coma, and Related Abnormalities.- 4. Dementia as a Global Reduction in Human Consciousness.- 5. Summary and Conclusion, Sections 3 and 4.- 6. References.- 10 Epilepsy and the Cortex: Anatomy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Descriptive Studies of Brains from Humans with Epilepsy.- 3. Experimental Models of Epilepsy.- 4. Functional Significance.- 5. Future Challenges.- 6. References.- 11 Aging in Monkey Cerebral Cortex.- 1. Life Span of the Rhesus Monkey.- 2. Neuronal Population Changes in Cerebral Cortex.- 3. Changes in Neuronal Perikarya with Age.- 4. Changes in Neuroglial Cells during Aging.- 5. Changes with Age in the Neuropil.- 6. Neuritic Plaques.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 12 Down Syndrome.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Brain Weight, Appearance, and Postnatal Growth.- 3. Microscopic Anatomy.- 4. Age-Related Changes.- 5. References.