This book is intended to provide a practical introduction to high-speed, high-efficiency liquid chromatography. It covers modern column technology (which has leapt into prominence only in the last five years) and relates this to the well-established thin-layer techniques. The development of liquid chromatography has proceeded in fits and starts over many years and in alliance with various scientific disciplines. Liquid chromatography has for years fulfilled an effective role in various fields. Ion-exchange chromatography, for example, is particularly associated with the separation of the rare earths, and exclusion chromatography with the fractionation of naturally occurring materials like proteins and of syn thetic polymers. Partition chromatography, especially in the form of paper chromatography, has been an indispensable tool in the study of biochemical systems, while its more recent adsorption counterpart, thin-layer chromatog raphy, developed most rapidly within the pharmacognosic and pharma ceutical fields. Until recently, however, liquid chromatography has not played a prominent role in the field of industrial organic analysis.
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ISBN-13
978-1-4684-1935-1 (9781468419351)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-1935-1
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1: Liquid Chromatography-The Background.- 1.1. Perspective.- 1.2. Plan of the Book.- 1.3. Chromatography and Its Basic Variants.- 1.4. Development Methods in Chromatography.- 1.5. Basic Experimental Arrangements.- 1.6. Measures of the Effectiveness of Chromatographic Separations.- 1.7. Retention Parameters.- References.- Further Reading.- 2: Band Spreading in Chromatography.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Factors Leading to Band Spreading.- 2.3. The "Random-Walk" Concept.- 2.4. Simple Mathematics of the Random Walk.- 2.5. Molecular Diffusion.- 2.6. Mass Transfer.- 2.7. Eddy Diffusion.- 2.8. Final Expression for Plate Height.- 2.9. Extrabed Contributions to Band Spreading.- 2.10. Columns versus Plates.- 2.11. Summary-Important Practical Consequences of Theory.- References.- Further Reading.- 3: Adsorption Chromatography: Mechanism and Materials.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Adsorption Isotherms.- 3.3. Nature of Adsorption Forces.- 3.4. Choice of Chromatographie System in LSAC.- 3.5. Variation of Adsorption Coefficient Kº with Solute Structure.- 3.6. Individual Adsorbents.- References.- Further Reading.- 4: Liquid Partition Chromatography-Mechanism and Materials.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Thermodynamics of Liquid-Liquid Partition.- 4.3. Selection of Phase Pairs.- 4.4. Support Materials.- 4.5. Further Practical Considerations.- References.- Further Reading.- 5: Exclusion Chromatography-Mechanism and Materials.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Peak Broadening in Exclusion Chromatography.- 5.3. Theories of Exclusion Chromatography.- 5.4. Stationary Phases for Exclusion Chromatography.- Appendix: Applications of Exclusion Chromatography.- References.- Further Reading.- 6: The Technique of Thin-Layer Chromatography.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Outline of Technique.- 6.3. TheStationary Phase.- 6.4. Preparation of TLC Plates.- 6.5. Application of the Sample.- 6.6. Choice of Mobile Phase.- 6.7. Development of Chromatogram.- 6.8. Reproducibility of RF Values.- 6.9. Detection of Solutes.- 6.10. Chromatographic Records.- 6.11. Direct Quantitative Analysis on the Layer.- 6.12. Removal of Solute from Adsorbent Layer.- 6.13. Use of Ancillary Techniques.- 6.14. Present Status and Future Outlook.- References.- Further Reading.- 7: Equipment for Column Chromatography.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Pneumatics.- 7.3. Gauges.- 7.4. Gradient Elution Supply.- 7.5. Sample Injectors.- 7.6. Columns and Fittings.- 7.7. Grinders and Sizing Equipment.- 7.8. Fraction Collectors.- 7.9. Detectors.- Appendix: A Short Guide to Commercial Equipment Suitable for Column Liquid Chromatography.- References.- Further Reading.- 8: Current Status of Liquid Chromatography: Place among Family of Chromatographic Techniques.- References.
