CompTIA Linux+ XK0-004 Cert Guide

Name: CompTIA Linux+ XK0-004 Cert Guide
Brand: Pearson It Certification
Price: 64.29 EUR
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Erschienen am 7. Juli 2021

768 Seiten

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Beschreibung

Learn, prepare, and practice for CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-004) exam success with this Cert Guide from Pearson IT Certification, a leader in IT Certification learning.

Master CompTIA Linux+ XK0-004 exam topics
Assess your knowledge with chapter-ending quizzes
Review key concepts with exam preparation tasks

Practice with unique sets of exam-realistic practice questions

CompTIA Linux+ XK0-004 Cert Guide is a best-of-breed exam study guide. Leading Linux trainers Ross Brunson and William "Bo" Rothwell share preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics.

The book presents you with an organized test-preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly. Review questions help you assess your knowledge, and a final preparation chapter guides you through tools and resources to help you craft your final study plan.

CompTIA Linux+ XK0-004 Cert Guide comes with the powerful Pearson Test Prep practice test software, complete with hundreds of exam-realistic questions. The assessment engine offers you a wealth of customization options and reporting features, laying out a complete assessment of your knowledge to help you focus your study where it is needed most. This online assessment engine enables you to access the practice tests via the Internet on any desktop, laptop, tablet, or smartphone device with Internet connectivity. The web-based version also enables you to download the software to your desktop, so you can use the practice test even when you don't have an Internet connection. The desktop version syncs with your online version when an Internet connection is established, to update and track your progress. This integrated learning package offers these additional benefits:

Enables you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams

Presents unique sets of exam-realistic practice questions

Tracks your performance and provides feedback on a module-by-module basis, laying out a complete assessment of your knowledge to help you focus your study where it is needed most

Well regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will enable you to succeed on the exam the first time.

This study guide helps you master all topics on the latest CompTIA Linux+ exam, including

Hardware and system configuration

Systems operation and maintenance

Security

Linux troubleshooting and diagnostics

Automation and scripting

It fully reflects major changes to this version of the Linux+ exam, including new coverage of virtualization, cloud concepts, Git, and orchestration.

Weitere Details

Weitere Ausgaben

Person

At the impressionable age of 14, William "Bo" Rothwell crossed paths with a TRS-80 Micro Computer System (affectionally known as a "Trash 80"). Soon after, the adults responsible for Bo made the mistake of leaving him alone with the TSR-80. He immediately dismantled it and held his first computer class, showing his friends what made this "computer thing" work.

Since that experience, Bo's passion for understanding how computers work and sharing this knowledge with others has resulting in a rewarding career in IT training. His experience includes Linux, Unix, IT security, devops, and programming languages such as Perl, Python, Tcl, and BASH. He is the founder and lead instructor of One Course Source, an IT training organization.

Ross Brunson has more than 25 years of experience as a Linux and open source trainer, training manager, and technologist and is author of the popular LPIC-1 Exam Cram 2 (Que Publishing) and the Pearson CompTIA Linux+ / LPIC-1 Cert Guide (2014).

Ross is currently a training architect at Linux Academy (www.linuxacademy.com), where he focuses on Linux and open source training, giving helpful talks at the various FLOSS shows, and supporting the amazing Linux Academy community. Ross has very recently been the certification architect at SUSE, where he helped redesign and modernize that program. Just before that, he spent five years as the director of member services for the Linux Professional Institute, where he contributed to placing several LPI courses into the Cisco Networking Academy, conducted dozens of train-the-trainer sessions, and provided sales enablement support for the worldwide Master Affiliate network, spanning more than 100 countries.

Ross holds a number of key IT certifications and is author of several successful technical books and dozens of technical courses for major organizations (including the first U.S. LPI Certification Bootcamps). He is skilled at both contributing to and building community around IT products.

Ross lives in Paradise Valley, Montana, with his family and enjoys traveling far and wide, participating in winter sports, photography, and playing the drums (although not everyone around him appreciates it).

Inhalt

Introduction xxxvi

Part I: Software Management

Chapter 1 Installing Linux 3

Hardware and Linux Installation 3

Installing Linux as a Study Tool 4

Setting Up a Virtualized Environment 4

Downloading ISO Files 6

Installing an Ubuntu Virtual Machine 8

Installing Ubuntu on a Virtual Machine 10

Getting to the Command Line 11

The Importance of Snapshots 12

Summary 13

Chapter 2 Package Installation and Management 15

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 15

Software in a Linux System 18

Shared Libraries 18

Working with Shared Libraries 20

Determining Required Libraries 20

Installing Software from Source 22

Components of a Source Code Install 23

The Makefile 23

Example of a Compilation of Source Code 24

Packages and Package Managers 25

The Most Common Package Types 25

Package Managers 26

Debian Package Management 26

Using Repositories 32

Installing Remote Packages 36

Upgrading the System 38

Removing Packages 39

Graphical Managers 39

RPM and YUM Package Management 40

The RPM Database 40

RPM Package Files 41

The rpm Command 42

Package Management with YUM 52

Configuring YUM 56

Dandified YUM 59

zypper 59

Syncing or Mirroring Repositories 65

Alternative Method of Acquiring Software 65

Summary 66

Chapter 3 Virtualization 73

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 73

What Is Virtualization? 75

Types of Virtualization/Hypervisors 75

Local Virtualization 76

Other People's Linux Boxes 76

Cloud Virtualization 76

Bootstrapping VMs 77

Amazon Machine Images 77

Cloud Installation Tools 77

Template Formats 79

OVA/OVF Templates 80

Configuring Templates 80

YAML Ain't Markup Language 80

JSON Bourne 80

Container Images 80

Virtualization Storage 81

Thin vs. Thick 81

Persistent Volumes 81

Blobs and Blocks 82

Networking Considerations 82

Bridging 82

Overlay Networks 82

NAT 83

Local 83

Dual-homed 83

Summary 84

Chapter 4 The Boot Process 89

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 89

The Linux Boot Process 91

What Is the Boot Process? 91

System Boot Options 91

Boot Loaders 97

Boot Loaders and Files 98

GRUB Legacy 98

GRUB2 99

Common Commands at Boot Time 104

When Kernels Panic 106

Identifying a Kernel Panic 106

Getting More Information 106

Kernel Panic Causes 106

Summary 107

Chapter 5 Managing System Services 111

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 111

systemd 113

What's Different About systemd? 113

Units in systemd 114

systemd Targets and Runlevels 116

Wants and Requires 117

Booting with systemd 117

Commands to Manage systemd 118

Troubleshooting System Boot Times 123

Setting Environment Parameters for systemd Services 123

Setting Hostnames on systemd Systems 123

Down Memory Lane with SysVinit 124

Freshen That Up for You? 125

SysVinit Boot Sequence 126

Managing System Runlevels 127

Determining the Default Runlevel 128

Setting the Default Runlevels 129

Changing Runlevels 129

Shut Down and Reboot from the Command Line 129

Summary 130

Chapter 6 System Performance 135

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 135

Managing Processes 137

Viewing Processes 137

What's the Diff? 138

The free Command 139

Blocks and Buffers 139

Pages, Slabs, and Caches 140

Interpreting Displayed Information from free 140

System Uptime 142

Sending Signals to Processes 142

Killing Processes by PID 144

Killing Processes by Using Other Criteria 144

Finding What Is Using a Resource 146

Job Control 147

Managing Process Priorities 149

Leaving Programs Running After Logout 151

Using screen for Multiple Console Sessions 152

Summary 155

Part II: File Management

Chapter 7 File Manipulation 161

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 161

File and Directory Operations 163

Tips for Working with Linux Files 163

Basic Navigation 163

Advanced Navigation 164

Listing Files and Directories 165

Determining File Types 166

Touching Files 168

Copying Files and Directories 169

Copying Objects Between Systems 172

Everything and the Kitchen rsync 173

What's the Diff? 175

Moving Objects 177

Creating and Removing Directories 179

Removing Objects 180

Where Are Those Files? 180

Getting a grep 184

Which Command Will Run? 188

Researching a Command 189

Linking Files 190

Working with Input/Output Streams 193

Standard In 194

Standard Out 194

Standard Error 194

Here Documents 195

Redirection of Streams 196

Redirecting Standard Input 197

Redirecting Standard Output 197

Redirecting Standard Error 197

Redirection Redux 198

Understanding /dev/tty 199

Pipes 199

Executing Multiple Commands 202

Summary 205

Chapter 8 File Processing 211

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 211

Reading File Contents 214

Training the cat Command 214

When cat Goes Backward 215

cat vs. echo 215

more or less? 216

head or tail? 218

Viewing Binary Files Safely 220

Filters 221

Sorting 221

Numbering Lines 222

Cutting Columns 223

Feeling a Bit (awk)ward 223

Translating Files 225

He sed, She sed 225

Using grep and Friends 228

A Tour of the vim Editor 234

The Message Line 234

Editing in vi 234

Searching in vi 240

nano, nano 241

Why nano and not Pico? 241

nano's Interface 242

That's a Wrap 243

Summary 243

Chapter 9 File Permissions and Escalation 249

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 249

Working with Permissions 252

Permission Trio Bits 252

Manipulating Permissions 254

Octal Notation Mode 255

Special File Permissions 258

Special Bit Permissions 259

Setting the SUID Bit on Files 260

Setting the SGID Bit on Files 261

Setting the SGID Bit on Directories 262

Setting the Sticky Bit 263

Finding Files by Permission 263

Access Control Lists 264

Not Enough Granularity 264

ACLs to the Rescue 265

Viewing ACLs 265

Setting an ACL 265

We All Wear Masks 267

Understanding Permission Problems 267

Default Permissions 268

Using umask 268

Up to the ulimit 270

Changing User Ownership 271

Changing Group Ownership 272

Aging Passwords 273

User Privilege Escalation 274

The su Command 275

The sudo Command 276

The sudoedit Command 277

Summary 278

Chapter 10 SELinux and AppArmor 283

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 283

SELinux Configurations 285

SELinux Mode 287

SELinux Policy 288

SELinux Booleans 288

SELinux Contexts 290

AppArmor 292

aa-disable 292

aa-complain 292

aa-unconfined 293

/etc/apparmor.d/ 293

/etc/apparmor.d/tunables 293

Summary 293

Chapter 11 File Compression and Storage 297

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 297

Archive and Restore Utilities 299

Using tar 299

Using Compression Utilities 301

Listing Archive Files 307

Using cpio 308

Using the dd Command 309

Compression Tools 310

Backing Up Is Hard to Do 311

Backup Types 312

Other Backup Types 312

Off-Site/Off-System Storage 313

Backups Over the LAN/WAN 313

Everything and the Kitchen rsync 314

Integrity Checks 315

Summary 315

Part III: Account Management

Chapter 12 User and Group Management 321

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 321

User Account Fundamentals 324

What Accounts Are What? 324

Group Accounts 327

Group Entries in /etc/group 328

Group Passwords 329

Adding Users and Groups 330

Adding Users with useradd 330

useradd Defaults 331

skel Templates 331

Adding Groups with groupadd 332

Modifying Users and Groups 333

Modifying User Accounts with usermod 333

Modifying Groups with groupmod 334

Removing Users and Groups 335

Removing Users 335

Removing Groups 336

The Shadow Suite 337

Encrypted Passwords and Shadow Fields 337

shadow File Permissions 338

Changing Passwords 339

Aging Passwords 340

User Variables 341

Using Disk Quotas 342

A Login Shell Session 347

A Non-Login Shell Session 348

User Identity Query Options 348

Summary 351

Chapter 13 Account Security 355

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 355

Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAMs) 357

Password Policies 357

LDAP Integration 358

User Lockouts 359

The /etc/pam.d Directory 359

pam_tally2 and faillock 359

Secure Shell 360

SSH Components 360

Terminals PTY/TTY 366

Moving Between Terminals 367

securetty 367

Public Key Infrastructure 367

Using TCP Wrappers for Securing Services 369

inetd and TCP Wrappers 369

xinetd and TCP Wrappers 369

The hosts.allow and hosts.deny Files 370

Wrapper Read Order 371

Format of hosts.allow and hosts.deny 371

Sample Configurations 371

Using Rule Options 373

Virtual Private Network (VPN) Clients 374

IPsec 374

SSL and TLS 374

DTLS 375

Transport and Tunnel Modes 375

Summary 376

Chapter 14 Logging Services 381

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 381

System Logging 383

systemd and syslog 383

systemd Logging 389

Dealing with Open Files 398

Summary 399

Part IV: Device Management

Chapter 15 Linux Devices 403

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 403

Understanding Linux Hardware 405

Types of Devices 406

Peripheral Compatibility 407

Enumerating Your Peripherals 408

The Proc Filesystem 409

Managing Printers and Printing 412

The Print Spooler 412

The CUPS Daemon 413

Configuring CUPS 415

CUPS Maintenance 420

Command Line Tools 422

Troubleshooting Printing 428

Linux Graphical User Interfaces 429

Linux Desktops 430

Accessibility Options 432

Sticky/Repeat Keys 432

Slow/Bounce/Toggle Keys 433

Mouse Keys 433

High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes 434

Screen Reader 434

Braille Display 435

Screen Magnifier 435

Onscreen Keyboard 435

Remote Desktop 435

Summary 436

Chapter 16 Hardware Troubleshooting 441

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 441

Storage Monitoring and Configuration 444

ioping 444

I/O Scheduling 445

CPU Monitoring and Configuration 446

Basic CPU Load Information 446

Detailed CPU Load Information 448

Memory Monitoring and Configuration 450

Basic Memory Usage Information 450

Detailed Memory Usage Information 451

Out of Memory Killer 452

Swap Space 452

Troubleshooting Additional Hardware Issues 455

Memory 455

Printers 455

Video 455

Communications Ports 456

USB 458

Keyboard Mapping 461

Hardware or Software 461

Commands 462

Summary 465

Chapter 17 Kernel Modules 471

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 471

Understanding Kernel Modules 473

Managing Kernel Modules 474

Loading and Unloading Modules Manually 475

The modprobe Command 477

Summary 480

Chapter 18 Storage Concepts 485

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 485

Basic Partitions 487

Partitions 487

Filesystem Hierarchy 488

Device Mapper 490

RAID 490

Logical Volume Manager (LVM) 491

Filesystem Types 493

Summary 494

Chapter 19 Storage Configuration 499

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 499

Disk Partitioning Tools 501

fdisk 501

parted 504

Managing LVM 505

Managing Software RAID 506

Creating Filesystems 507

The mkfs Command 507

Filesystem Creation Options 508

Advanced Filesystem Commands 510

Filesystem Checker 511

Tuning Filesystems 512

XFS Commands 512

Mounting and Unmounting 513

Viewing Partition and Filesystem Device File Information 514

The Filesystem Table 516

Manually Mounting Filesystems 518

Unmounting Filesystems 518

Space Utilization 519

Using iostat 519

Using du 519

Using df 520

Summary 521

Part V: Network Management

Chapter 20 Network Configuration 527

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 527

Conceptual Overview of Networking 529

Necessary Configuration Information 530

IP Addresses 530

Networks and Hosts 531

Address Class Ranges 531

Network Masks 532

Using Default Network Masks 533

Gateway Addresses, or "Do I Dial with the Area Code?" 534

Broadcast Addresses 535

Custom Network Masks 535

Determining a Custom Network Mask 535

Additional Protocols 538

Common Ports 539

IPv6 541

Managing Interfaces 542

Viewing IP Information 542

Red Hat Interface Configuration 544

Debian Interface Configuration 545

Viewing and Configuring Gateway Addresses 546

/etc/netplan 549

/etc/sysctl.conf 550

Network Configuration Utilities 551

Network Utility Examples 552

ss 555

Bonding 566

Aggregation 566

Active/Passive 568

Load Balancing 568

Summary 569

Chapter 21 Network Troubleshooting 575

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 575

Key Network Troubleshooting Concepts 577

Network Troubleshooting Tools 578

The traceroute Command 579

The tcpdump Command 582

Wireshark 583

The arp Command 586

The nmap Command 587

The nc Command 591

The whois Command 593

The iftop Command 594

The iperf and ipset Commands 594

Summary 595

Chapter 22 Linux Firewalls 599

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 599

The iptables Command 601

Overview of Filtering Packets 601

Important Terms 604

Using iptables to Filter Incoming Packets 605

Filtering by Protocol 607

Multiple Criteria 608

Filtering Based on Destination 608

Changing the Default Policy 609

Revisiting the Original Rules 610

Saving the Rules 610

Using iptables to Filter Outgoing Packets 611

Stateful Rules 612

Logging Rules 612

Implementing NAT 613

Additional Firewall Technologies 614

firewalld 614

ufw 614

Dynamic Rule Sets 615

Summary 618

Part VI: Automation

Chapter 23 Orchestration 623

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 623

Automation and Orchestration 625

Agent vs. Agentless 625

Procedures and Attributes 625

Infrastructure Automation 626

Infrastructure as Code 626

Inventory 626

Automated Configuration Management 626

Build Automation 627

Summary 627

Chapter 24 Automate Tasks 631

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 631

Job Control 633

Leaving Programs Running After Logout 634

The cron System 635

Configuring crontabs 635

Other Files 640

Restricting Access 642

Running ad hoc Jobs 642

The at Command 643

The batch Command 644

Summary 645

Chapter 25 Manage Localization 651

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 651

Time Zones 653

Displaying and Setting System Time 653

Displaying and Setting the Hardware Clock 654

Setting Time Zones 655

The timedatectl Command 656

Character Encoding 656

Representing Locales 657

Fallback Locales 658

Contents of a Locale 659

The localectl Command 660

How Linux Uses the Locale 660

Chapter 26 BASH Scripting Essentials 667

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 667

Basics of Scripting 669

Environment Variables and Settings 670

Variable Expansion 672

The PATH Variable 673

Running a Script 674

Good Design 675

Shell Script Commands 675

Using the Output of Another Command 675

Conditionals 676

Testing Files 678

An Easier Test Syntax 679

Testing Strings 680

Testing Integers 680

Combining Multiple Tests 681

Case Statements 682

Loops 683

Interacting with Other Programs 686

Returning an Error Code 687

Accepting Arguments 687

Chapter 27 Git 693

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 693

Version Control Concepts 695

The First Generation 695

The Second Generation 696

The Third Generation 697

Installing Git 700

Git Concepts and Features 701

Git Stages 702

Choosing Your Git Repository Host 703

Configuring Git 703

Getting the Status of Files 706

The .git Directory 708

Telling Git to Ignore a File 708

Handling Branches 709

Executing Diffs 711

Comparing Versions 713

Dealing with Whitespace 713

Comparing Branches 714

Merging Files 716

Part VII: Security and Server Management

Chapter 28 Server Roles 727

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 727

Server Types 729

NTP 729

SSH 730

Certificate Authority 730

Name Server 730

DHCP 731

SNMP 731

File Servers 731

Authentication Server 732

Proxy 733

VPN 733

Database 733

Print Server 734

Mail Server 734

Server Features 734

Web 734

Logging 735

Containers 735

Monitoring 735

Load Balancer 736

Clustering 736

Summary 736

Chapter 29 Security Best Practices 741

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 741

Host Security Best Practices 743

Boot Security 743

Shared IDs 744

Separation of OS Data from Application Data 744

The auditd Daemon 745

CVE Monitoring 745

USB Devices 745

Disk Encryption 745

Restrict cron Access 746

Disable Ctrl+Alt+Del 746

MOTD 746

Authentication Security Best Practices 746

Multifactor Authentication 746

RADIUS 748

TACACS+ 748

LDAP 748

Kerberos 749

Service Security Best Practices 749

SSH Security Policies 749

Enforce Use of PKI 750

Chroot Jail Services 750

Denying Hosts 751

Change Default Ports 751

Disabling or Uninstalling Unused and Unsecure Services 751

SSL/TLS 753

Banners 753

Summary 753

Part VIII: Final Preparation

Chapter 30 Final Preparation 757

Exam Information 757

Getting Ready 759

Tools for Final Preparation 760

Pearson Test Prep Practice Test Software and Questions on the Website 760

Customizing Your Exams 762

Updating Your Exams 763

Chapter-Ending Review Tools 764

Suggested Plan for Final Review/Study 764

Summary 764

Glossary 765

Appendix A Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes and Review Questions 783

Appendix B CompTIA Linux+ XK0-004 Cert Guide Exam Updates 811

Appendix C Study Planner

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