When Cities Lobby

1 - Introduction 2 - The State of Local Lobbying 2.1 - Using Disclosure Data to Document Local Influence 2.2 - Targeting the State vs. Federal Government 2.3 - Who Advocates for Cities? 2.4 - Where Cities Lobby 2.5 - What Cities Want 2.6 - Allocating Lobbying Effort: Evidence from Florida 2.7 - Banding Together or Going It Alone? The Role of Municipal Leagues 2.8 - Discussion 3 - How City Lobbyists Bridge Representational Gaps 3.1 - Why Do Organized Interests Lobby? 3.2 - How Local Governments Are Different 3.3 - Predicting Lobbying Across Cities 3.4 - Too Much Representation? Redistricting and Lobbying 3.5 - Partisan Mismatches and City Lobbying 3.6 - The Unique Challenges of Conservative Representation 3.7 - District-Based or Collective Representation? Evidence From Missouri 3.8 - Discussion 4 - Exploring Municipal Mobilization Across States 4.1 - What We Know About Variation in State-Level Lobbying 4.2 - Political Geography and Municipal Lobbying 4.3 - Lobbying in Response to Institutional Complexity 4.4 - The Political Environment 4.5 - State Transfers to Cities Increases Lobbying-And Vice Versa 4.6 - Current Policy Debates 4.7 - Discussion 5 - Who Gets What? City Lobbying And State Transfers 5.1 - Is Lobbying a Good Investment for Cities? 5.2 - Using State Transfers to Estimate The Returns Lobbying 5.3 - Lobbying Increases State Funding 5.4 - Funding Follows Lobbying (Not Vice Versa) 5.5 - Why Lobbying Benefits Rich Cities 5.6 - Discussion 6 - City vs. State: Power, Policy, and Preemption 6.1 - How Lobbying Shapes The Distribution of State Funding 6.2 - Case Studies: Cities and State Preemption 6.3 - The Rise of State Preemption 6.4 - How Cities Are Responding 6.5 - What Do City Lobbying Efforts Against Preemption Look Like? 6.6 - Discussion 7 - Conclusion: Why Cities Lobby and Why It Matters 7.1 - Conservative Critiques of Municipal Lobbying 7.2 - Does Municipal Lobbying Exacerbate Inequality? 7.3 - Intergovernmental Lobbying and Democratic Representation 7.4 - The View From Above and Below 7.5 - Prospects For Reform 8 Appendices Bibliography