Transmission Lines in Digital Systems for EMC Practitioners

Preface xi
1 Transmission Lines: Physical Dimensions vs. ElectricDimensions 1
1.1 Waves, Time Delay, Phase Shift, Wavelength, and ElectricalDimensions, 4
1.2 Spectral (Frequency) Content of Digital Waveforms and TheirBandwidths, 10
1.3 The Basic Transmission-Line Problem, 22
2 Time-Domain Analysis of Two-Conductor Lines 31
2.1 The Transverse Electromagnetic Mode of Propagation and theTransmission-Line Equations, 32
2.2 The Per-Unit-Length Parameters, 37
2.2.1 Wire-Type Lines, 37
2.2.2 Lines of Rectangular Cross Section, 47
2.3 The General Solutions for the Line Voltage and Current,50
2.4 Wave Tracing and Reflection Coefficients, 54
2.5 A Simple Alternative to Wave Tracing in the Solution ofTransmission Lines, 60
2.6 The SPICE (PSPICE) Exact Transmission-Line Model, 70
2.7 Lumped-Circuit Approximate Models of the Line, 75
2.8 Effects of Reactive Terminations on Terminal Waveforms,84
2.8.1 Effect of Capacitive Terminations, 85
2.8.2 Effect of Inductive Terminations, 87
2.9 Matching Schemes for Signal Integrity, 89
2.10 Effect of Line Discontinuities, 96
2.11 Driving Multiple Lines, 101
3 Frequency-Domain Analysis of Two-Conductor Lines103
3.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Sinusoidal Steady-State(Phasor) Excitation of the Line, 104
3.2 The General Solution for the Line Voltages and Currents,105
3.3 The Voltage Reflection Coefficient and Input Impedance ofthe Line, 106
3.4 The Solution for the Terminal Voltages and Currents, 108
3.5 The SPICE Solution, 111
3.6 Voltage and Current as a Function of Position on the Line,112
3.7 Matching and VSWR, 115
3.8 Power Flow on the Line, 117
3.9 Alternative Forms of the Results, 120
3.10 Construction of Microwave Circuit Components UsingTransmission Lines, 120
4 Crosstalk in Three-Conductor Lines 125
4.1 The Multiconductor Transmission-Line Equations, 125
4.2 The MTL Per-Unit-Length Parameters of Inductance andCapacitance, 131
4.2.1 Wide-Separation Approximations for Wires, 135
4.2.2 Numerical Methods, 145
5 The Approximate Inductive-Capacitive Crosstalk Model155
5.1 The Inductive-Capacitive Coupling Approximate Model,159
5.2 Separation of the Crosstalk into Inductive and CapacitiveCoupling Components, 166
5.3 Common-Impedance Coupling, 172
5.4 Effect of Shielded Wires in Reducing Crosstalk, 173
5.4.1 Experimental Results, 182
5.5 Effect of Shield Pigtails, 183
5.5.1 Experimental Results, 187
5.6 Effect of Multiple Shields, 188
5.6.1 Experimental Results, 188
5.7 Effect of Twisted Pairs of Wires in Reducing Crosstalk,197
5.7.1 Experimental Results, 203
5.8 The Shielded Twisted-Pair Wire: The Best of Both Worlds,209
6 The Exact Crosstalk Prediction Model 211
6.1 Decoupling the Transmission-Line Equations with ModeTransformations, 212
6.2 The SPICE Subcircuit Model, 215
6.3 Lumped-Circuit Approximate Models of the Line, 231
6.4 A Practical Crosstalk Problem, 237
Appendix A Brief Tutorial on Using PSPICE 245
Index 267