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Guide to post-industrial site restoration and re-establishment of rich communities of plant species for the provision of key ecosystem services
In line with the UN sustainable development goals, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on Post-Industrial Land is an expert guide to ecological restoration of post-industrial lands, explaining how to re-introduce biodiversity and ecosystem services by implementing natural processes in the rehabilitation of disturbed sites. It covers both the initial stages associated with the improvement of physicochemical and biological substrate characteristics as a precondition for continuous vegetation, as well as the subsequent re-establishment of rich communities of plant species and how these communities may be optimized for their biodiversity and ecosystem services such as pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, habitation for other organisms, food plants for herbivores, carbon sequestration, and aesthetic value.
Case studies of successful restoration of industrial sites from Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Europe, which include coal and mineral mining sites, oil drilling sites, and dumpsites, complement the conceptual part of the text and demonstrate how to put the theory into practice.
Written by an experienced researcher in the field, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on Post-Industrial Land includes information on:
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on Post-Industrial Land is an essential guide for environmental managers, scientists, ecologists, and engineers tasked with restoring post-industrial sites, managers in mining, oil, gas, and other heavy industries, and NGOs involved in sustainable land use.
Dr. Vimal Chandra Pandey is a leading researcher in the field of phytomanagement of polluted sites. He is listed in the World's Top 2% Scientists, announced by Stanford University and Elsevier BV. He serves as Editor, Advisory Board and Editorial Board Member for various journals, including Land Degradation and Development; Restoration Ecology; Environment, Development and Sustainability; Ambio; Clean-Soil Air Water; Discover Sustainability; Environmental Management; and Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
List of Contributors xv
About the Editor xxi
Foreword xxiii
Preface xxv
Acknowledgments xxvii
1 Mining Sustainability: A Reality in Arid Zones 1 Elizabeth J. Lam, Italo L. Montofré, and Fernando A. Alvarez
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Mining in Chile 3
1.3 Chile: Arid Zone Mining 6
1.4 Circular Mining and Arid Zone Sustainability 13
1.5 Conclusions 17
References 18
2 Restoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on Post-Industrial Land: Challenges and Opportunities 25 Sameer Shekhar, Shubham Abhishek, Bhanu Pandey, and Siddharth Singh
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Post-Industrial Landscapes: A Brief Overview 26
2.3 Biodiversity on Post-Industrial Land 28
2.4 Ecosystem Services on Post-Industrial Land 30
2.5 Restoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on Post-Industrial Land 34
2.6 Policy and Management for Post-Industrial Landscapes 37
2.7 Key Findings and Implications 41
2.8 Challenges and Future Research Directions 41
2.9 Conclusion 43
References 43
3 Spontaneous Flora on Post-industrial Metalliferous Sites 53 Ksenija Jakovljevic, Tomica MiSljenovic, and Dragana Randelovic
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Definition and Types of Post-industrial Sites 54
3.3 Spontaneous Flora: Characteristics and Benefits 63
3.4 Spontaneous Flora in Post-industrial Sites: Current Findings 65
3.5 Ecosystem Services of Spontaneous Flora on Post-industrial Metalliferous Sites 76
3.6 Conclusions 82
Acknowledgments 83
References 83
4 Restoration Ecosystem Toward Spontaneous Succession on Reclaimed Mining Sites 97 Marcin Pietrzykowski, Bartlomiej Wos, Justyna Likus-Cieslik, Marek Pajak, Edyta Sierka, and Barbara Stalmachová
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Biodiversity of Succession Communities on Mine Sites 98
4.3 Mine Soil Development Under Reclamation and Successional Communities 104
4.4 Biomass and Wood Productivity Potential of Reclaimed and Successional Plant Communities 106
4.5 Plant Communities from Succession as Indicators of Site Conditions 107
4.6 Managed Succession on Post-Mine Sites 109
4.7 Example of a Reclamation by Using Vegetation Communities from Succession 110
4.8 Conclusion 111
Acknowledgments 112
References 112
5 Plant Diversity on Post-Industrial Land: Resilience and Restoration 119 Shivali Sharma, Jonnada Likhita, Sunny Sharma, Gaurav Sharma, Amit Kumar, Rupesh Kumar, and Vimal Chandra Pandey
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 Numerous Elements that Promote Industrialization 121
5.3 Industrial Impact on Plant Communities 122
5.4 Effects of Toxins Released by Various Industries 125
5.5 Mechanisms of Plant Resilience 125
5.6 Case Studies 138
5.7 Challenges and Failures 141
5.8 Ecological Restoration 143
5.9 Introduction of Important Species 146
5.10 Success Stories in Restoration 147
5.11 Policy Implications 155
5.12 Conclusion and Ways Forward 157
References 159
6 Plantation Forestry for Ecorestoration: A Working Premises 171 Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Abhishek Raj, Arnab Banerjee, Surendra Singh Bargali, and Kiran Bargali
6.1 Introduction 171
6.2 Plantation Forestry: Global Area Context 173
6.3 Expansion of Plantation Forestry to Industrial Forest Plantation 173
6.4 Species Grown in Forest Plantations 175
6.5 Ecosystem Services Through Plantation Forestry 175
6.6 Plantation Forestry Through a Reforestation Approach 178
6.7 Ecological Restoration and Sustainability 179
6.8 Forest Restoration 180
6.9 Plantation Forestry for Climate Change Mitigation 180
6.10 Socioeconomic Perspective of Restoration 181
6.11 Future Perspective 182
6.12 Conclusion 183
References 183
7 Soil Biodiversity and Plant-Microbes Interactions on Post-Industrial Land 189 Aneta Kowalska and Anna Grobelak
7.1 Loss of Soil Biodiversity on Post-Industrial Land 189
7.2 Biodiversity as an Opportunity for Sustainable Transformation of Mining Regions 190
7.3 Treatments Increasing the Biodiversity of Post-Industrial Soil 191
7.4 Post-Industrial Areas as a Refuge of Biodiversity 192
7.5 Plant-Growth-Promoting Microbes and Their Feasibility for Recultivation of Post-Industrial Lands 193
7.6 Summary and Conclusions 194
Acknowledgments 195
References 195
8 Afforestation of Former Asbestos Mines in Quebec, Canada: An Efficient Nature-Based Climate Solution that also Leads to Gains in Biodiversity 199 Nicolas Bélanger, Laurence Grimond, Rim Khlifa, Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier, and David Rivest
8.1 Introduction 199
8.2 Historical Background of Asbestos Mining in Canada 201
8.3 Typical Ecological Restoration 204
8.4 Afforestation 209
8.5 Carbon Sequestration 220
8.6 Gains in Plant and Faunal Diversity Following Afforestation 224
8.7 Conclusion 230
Acknowledgments 231
References 231
9 Bauxite Mine Restoration and Management 241 Shailesh Kumar Yadav, Arnab Banerjee, Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Abhishek Raj, Surendra Singh Bargali, and Vimal Chandra Pandey
9.1 Introduction 241
9.2 Impact of Bauxite Mining 241
9.3 Approaches Toward Management of the Impact of Bauxite Mining 245
9.4 Restoration Targets and Objectives 246
9.5 Stages of Restoration Planning and Implementation 247
9.6 Restoration Implementation 248
9.7 Sustainable Bauxite Mining 254
9.8 Rehabilitation and Restoration in Surguja - A Case Study from Chhattisgarh, India 254
9.9 Conclusion 256
9.10 Future Directives 256
References 258
10 Role of the Local Government in Re-Use of Post-Industrial Sites in Poland 263 Katarzyna Sadowy
10.1 Introduction 263
10.2 Post-Industrial Sites in Poland 266
10.3 Role of the Voivodeships and Municipalities in the Management of Post-Industrial Areas 272
10.4 Conclusions 281
Acknowledgement 282
References 282
11 Restoration of Ecosystem Services of Endangered Wetlands in Post Oil and Gas Exploration Era in the Niger Delta, Nigeria 285 Aroloye O. Numbere, Victoria C. Obinna, Eberechukwu M. Maduike, and Austin E. Abah
11.1 Introduction 285
11.2 Characterization of Wetlands in the Niger Delta 287
11.3 Impact of Oil and Gas Exploration on Wetlands of the Niger Delta 289
11.4 Sedimentary Environment of the Niger Delta 295
11.5 Causes of Wetland Degradation 297
11.6 Ecosystem Services in a Restored Wetland 300
11.7 Sustainable Management of the Wetland in the Niger Delta 301
11.8 Policy Development of Wetlands in the Niger Delta 302
11.9 Conclusion and Recommendations 304
References 304
12 Carbon Sequestration in Revegetated Coal Mine Soil: A Chronosequence Study in the Gevra Opencast Project, Chhattisgarh, India 307 Preeti Singh, Amlan Kumar Ghosh, Ebhin Masto, Santosh Kumar, and Chandini Pradhan
12.1 Introduction 307
12.2 Analysis and Classification of Organic Residue/Plant Materials: Impacts on Carbon Sequestration in Soil 308
12.3 Litterfall Dynamics, Seasonal Variations, and Implications for Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration 309
12.4 Impact of Plant Litter Quality on Decomposition Rate and Soil Health in Restored Coal Mine Areas of Chhattisgarh, India 309
12.5 Role of Plant-Microbe Interactions in Soil Carbon Sequestration: Insights from Microbial Biomass Carbon Dynamics 310
12.6 Different Pools of Soil Organic Carbon in Restored Mine Soil 312
12.7 Total Organic Carbon, C Stock, and C Sequestration in Reclaimed Mine Soil 313
12.8 Insights from Spectroscopic Analysis on Soil Organic Carbon Characteristics in Restored Mine Soils 317
12.9 Conclusion 322
References 324
13 Ecosystem Services from Rehabilitated Waste Dumpsites 329 ml Dotaniya, CK Dotaniya, Kuldeep Kumar, RK Yadav, RK Doutaniya, HM Meena, DK Yadav, Saurabh Shukla, AO Shirale, and Manju Lata
13.1 Introduction 329
13.2 Different Types of Pollution 332
13.3 Risk Assessment of Metal Pollution 336
13.4 Source of Contamination and Its Identification 337
13.5 Effect on Ecological Services 338
13.6 Important Rehabilitated Waste Dumpsites 340
13.7 Ecosystem Services from Rehabilitated Waste Dumpsites 342
13.8 Improvement in Ecological Services by Improving the Waste Discharge Process 342
13.9 Strategies for Improving Ecological Services 344
13.10 Challenges Faced During Rehabilitation 346
13.11 Conclusions 346
References 347
14 Harnessing Aromatic Plants for Phytoremediation: A Scented Solution for Ecology and Economy 357 Vimal Chandra Pandey, Valeria Ancona, D. D. Tewari, and Sanat Kumar Dwibedi
14.1 Introduction 357
14.2 Aromatic Grasses 358
14.3 Aromatic Grasses and Their Phytoremediation Potential 360
14.4 Manifold Usages of Aromatic Grasses 367
14.5 Aromatic Grasses Rooted in UN-SDGs 368
14.6 Conclusion and Prospects 369
References 372
Index 381
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