Law and American Education

Prefacevii
1Introduction 1
I.Sources of Law 1
II.The American Judicial System 6
2The Educator and Liability 9
I.School District Immunity 9
Wood v. Strickland 11
Carey v. Piphus 12
Franklin v. Gwinett Cy. Pub. Schools 12
II.The Law and Nonpublic Schools 13 III.Educator Liability14
IV.Duties of Supervision and Negligence Law 16
V.Parental Consent 17
VI.Contract Law 18
VII.Sexual Harassment 18Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education20
VIII. Privacy and School Records 20
IX.Malpractice 23
X.Insurance 23
3Schools and the State 24
I.Compulsory Attendance 24
Pierce v. Society of Sisters of Holy Names 24
II.Religion in Schools 26
Engel v. Vitale 27
School District of Abington v. Schempp, Murray v. Curlett 27
Lee v. Weisman 29
Edwards v. Aguillard 30 III.Use of Facilities32
Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free Sch. Dist. 32
IV.Aid to Nonpublic Schools 33
V. School Fees 34
Hartzell v. Connell 34
VI.Health Services 36
Berg v. Glen Cove School District 37
4Students and the Law 38
I.Freedom of Expression 38
Tinker v. Des Moines Indep. Community Sch. Dist. 38
Bethel Sch. Dist. v. Fraser 40
Hazelwood Sch. Dist. v. Kuhlmeier 40
Sherman v. Community Sch. Dist. 21 42
II.Suspension, Expulsion & Disciplinary Transfer 42
Goss v. Lopez 43
Gonzalez v. McEuen 43
Allen v. Casper 44
III.Corporal Punishment 45
Ingraham v. Wright 46
IV.Search of Student & Lockers 47
New Jersey v. T.L.O. 47
Bellnier v. Lund 48
Vernonia Sch. Dist. v. Acton 49
Trinidad Sch. Dist. No. 1 v. Lopez 50
V.Dress and Grooming 52
Bannister v. Paradis 52
Davenport v. Randolph County Bd. of Educ. 53
VI.Pregnancy, Parenthood & Marriage 53
VII.Education of Individuals with Disabilities 54Board of Educ. of Hendrick Hudson Cent. Sch. Dist. v. Rowley55
Florence County Sch. Dist. v. Carter 60
Thomas v. Atascadero Unified Sch. Dist. 61
VIII.Participation in Extracurricular Activities 63
Palmer v. Merluzzi 63
Beeson v. Kiowa County Sch. Dist. 64
Grube v. Bethlehem Area Sch. Dist. 66
IX.Disciplinary Action for Out-of-School Offenses 67
5Teachers and the Law 69
I.Contract Non-renewal and Dismissal 69
Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth 69 II.Freedom of Expression70
Pickering v. Bd. of Educ. of Township High Sch. 71
Mt. Healthy City Bd. of Educ. v. Doyle 72
III.Academic Freedom 73
Fowler v. Bd. of Educ. of Lincoln County 73
Wilson v. Chancellor 74
IV.Drug Testing 74
V.Dress 75
East Hartford Educ. Assoc. v. Bd. of Educ. of East Hartford 75
VI.Teacher as Role Model or Exemplar 75Gaylord v. Tacoma Sch. Dist. No. 1076
Erb v. Iowa State Bd. of Pub. Instruction 78
Mc Broom v. Bd. of Educ., Dist. No. 205 78
Barcheski v. Bd. of Educ. of Grand Rapids Pub. Sch. 79
Gebser v. Logo Vista Indep. Sch. Dist. 80
VII.Employment Discrimination 81
Marshall v. Kirkland 82
Eckmann v. Bd. of Educ. of Hawthorn Sch. Dist. No. 17 83
Geller v. Markham 85
VIII.Teacher Bargaining 86
Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Ass'n 86
IX.Political Activities 87
6School Desegregation 88
I.Historical Perspective 88Plessy v. Ferguson88
Brown v. Bd. of Educ. of Topeka 89
II.Desegregation in the South 90
Green v. County Sch. Bd. of New Kent County 91
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Educ. 92
III.Desegregation in Non-Southern States 93
Milliken v. Bradley 93
Columbus Bd. of Educ. v. Penick 94
Board of Educ. of Oklahoma City v. Dowell 95
Freeman v. Pitts 96
Missouri v. Jenkins 97
IV.Epilogue 98
7School Finance Issues 99
I.School Finance Reform 99
San Antonio Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Rodriguez 100
Rose v. Council For Better Educ. Inc. 102
II.Educational Choice 103
Jackson v. Benson 104
Index 109
About the Author111