Guide to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Name: Guide to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Brand: Nova Science Publishers Inc
Price: 117.99 EUR
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A. Foster Pablo(Herausgeber*in)

Nova Science Publishers Inc

Erschienen am 8. Dezember 2020

173 Seiten

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978-1-5361-8994-0 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment of Mining Sediments and Agricultural Soils
Abstract
Introduction: Quality Assessement of Mining Sediments Using the LIBS Technique
Acupan Creek Sampling Sites
Sediment Sample Collection and Preparation
Optimization of the Standard Mixing Procedure
Preparation of Matrix-Matched Calibration Curves
Analysis via Modified Standard Addition Using LIBS
Optimization of Instrument Parameters
Benchtop LIBS Commercial Unit for the Target Metal Analytes
Key Instrument Parameters (Spot Size, Laser Energy, Spectrometer Delay and Type of Firing)
Single Element Univariate Analysis
Multielement Univariate Analysis: Sample Preparation
Grid Size and Depth
Identification of Emission Lines for Analysis
Method Performance from the Multielement Univariate Approach
Standard Addition
Significance of LIBS Technique on Quality Assessment of Mining Sediments
Introduction: Quality Assessment of Agricultural Soils Using the LIBS Technique
The Origin of Soil Cation Exchange Capacity
Principles of Measurements
Applications in Agricultural Soil Analysis
Agricucltural Soils for Development of CEC Model
Portable LIBS for CEC Analysis
Agricultural Soil Sample Analysis
Data Analysis and Development of Regression Equation
Collection of Soil Sample Spectra
CEC Prediction Model: Partial Least Squares (PLS) Regression
Significance of LIBS Technique on Quality Assessment of Mining Sediments
References
Chapter 2
Condition Monitoring of Industrial Insulation Materials Using LIBS Technique
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Contamination Analysis of Pressboard (OIP) Insulation of High Voltage Power Transformers
2.1. Copper Contamination Problem in Transformers
2.2. Scope of LIBS Technique in the Application
2.3. LIBS Experimental Details (Ns-LIBS in UV-Vis Region)
2.4. Basic Spectral Analysis of Thermally Aged OIP Insulation Using UV-VIS LIBS
2.5. Temporal Studies on LIBS Plasma
2.6. Extent of Diffusion/Diffusion Depth Profile of the Contaminant
2.7. Influence of Ageing Media on the Diffusion of Cu Based Contaminants into OIP Insulation
2.8. Analysis of Industrial Sample - A Failed Insulation Material of a Field Transformer
2.9. Summary
3. Identification and Ranking of Salt Deposit on GFRP Material of Offshore Wind Turbines
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Design of Remote Focusing and Collection Optics
3.3. Experimental Setup
3.4. Results and Discussion
3.5. Summary
4. LIBS Based Analysis of Transmission Lines and Si-R Outdoor Insulation
Conclusion
Future Directions
References
Chapter 3
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a Classification Tool
Abstract
Introduction
Classification Algorithms and Their Implementation with LIBS
PCA Algorithm Schemes
Algorithm Step-By-Step
Advantages of PCA
Removes Correlated Features
Improves Algorithm Performance
Reduces Overfitting
Improves Visualization
Shortcomings of PCA
Principal Components are Less Interpretable
Data Standardization is Must before PCA
Information Loss
PCA Implementation in Recent Publications
SVM Algorithm Schemes
Cross-Validation
Algorithm Step-By-Step
Separable Cases
Non-Separable Cases
Soft Margin
Kernel Trick
Polynomial Kernel
Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel
Multiclass Classification
Advantages of SVM
Shortcomings of SVM
SVM Implementation in Recent LIBS Publications
Random Forest Algorithm Schemes
Bootstrap
Bagging
Out-of-Bag (OOB) Error Estimation
Advantages of Random Forest
Shortcomings of Random Forest
RF Implementation in Recent LIBS Publications
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
Data Preparation for LDA
Algorithm Step-By-Step
Advantages of LDA
Shortcomings of LDA
Applications of LIBS as a Classification Tool in Food Science, Geology, and Medical
Food Science
Heavy Metal Detection in Food
LIBS in Fruit/Food Adulteration
Geological Investigation
LIBS in Rocks and Minerals Study
LIBS in Archeology
Medical and Biological Investigations
LIBS Identification of Foreign Materials
LIBS of Human Organs
Identification of Microbiology Bacteria, Molds, Pollens, Yeast, Fungal Spores, Viruses, and Airborne Microbes
In Situ LIBS Applications
Conclusion
References
Index
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