Gene Patents and Collaborative Licensing Models

Part I. Patent Pools: 1. Patent pooling for gene-based diagnostic testing: conceptual framework Birgit Verbeure; 2. Case 1. The MPEG LA (R) licensing model. What problem does it solve in biopharma and genetics? Lawrence A. Horn; 3. Case 2. IP fragmentation and patent pools: the SARS case Carmen E. Correa; 4. Critical analysis of patent pools Jorge A. Goldstein; Part II. Clearing Houses: 5. Clearinghouse mechanisms in genetic diagnostics: conceptual framework Esther van Zimmeren; 6. Case 3. The global biodiversity information facility. An example of an information clearinghouse James L. Edwards; 7. Case 4. BirchBob: an example of a technology exchange clearing house Esther van Zimmeren and Dirk Avau; 8. Case 5. The public intellectual property resource for agriculture. A standard license public sector clearinghouse for agricultural IP Alan B. Bennett and Sara Boettiger; 9. Case 6. The science commons material transfer agreement project. A standard license clearing house? Thinh Nguyen; 10. Case 7. The collective management of copyright and neighbouring rights. An example of a royalty collection clearing house Jan Corbet; 11. Comment on the conceptual framework for a clearing house mechanism Michael Spence; Part III. Open Source: 12. Open source genetics: a conceptual framework Janet Hope; 13. Case 8. CAMBIA's biological open source initiative (BiOS) Nele Berthels; 14. Case 9. Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd.: applying the open source philosophy in agriculture Andrzej Kilian; 15. Critical commentary on 'open source' in the life sciences Arti K. Rai; 16. Several kinds of 'should': the ethics of open source in life sciences innovation Antony Taubman; Part IV. Liability Regimes: 17. Pathways across the valley of death: novel intellectual property strategies for accelerated drug discovery Arti K. Rai, Jerome H. Reichman, Paul F. Uhlir and Colin Crossman; 18. Case 10. The international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: the standard material transfer agreement as implementation of a limited compensatory liability regime Victoria Henson-Apollonio; 19. Critical analysis of property rules, liability rules and molecular futures: bargaining in the shadow of the cathedral Dan L. Burk; Part V. Different Perspectives: 20. Gene patents: from discovery to invention. A geneticist's view Gert Matthijs and Gert-Jan Van Ommen; 21. 'Patent Tsunami' in the field of genetic diagnostics. A patent practitioner's view Jacques Warcoin; 22. Gene patents and clearing models. Some comments from a competition law perspective Hanns Ullrich; 23. Access to genetic patents and clearinghouse model. An economic perspective Reiko Aoki; 24. The role of law, institutions and governance in facilitating access to the scientific research commons. A philosopher's perspective Tom Dedeurwaerdere; Part VI. Concluding Thoughts: 25. Of thickets, blocks and gaps: designing tools to resolve obstacles in the gene patents landscape Geertrui van Overwalle.