PROSPECTING DIAMOND DRILL.
27.-Diamond.
Table of Contents Occurs in crystals and irregular angular masses; cannot be scratched by any other mineral or the file; brilliant lustre; feels cold to the touch; when rubbed on the sleeve exhibits electricity for hours; retains the breath but a short time; often tinged yellow, red, or green; gravity 3.5.
Value.-Used for jewelry, lenses and for cutting glass.
Localities.-Found in gold-regions, in river-washings of sand and pebbles; usually with coarse gold, but deeper down. Rutherford, Cabarras, Franklin and Lincoln Counties, N. C.; Hall County, Ga.; Manchester, Va.; Cherokee Ravine, N. San Juan, French Canal, Forrest Hill, Placerville and Fiddletown, Cal.
28.-Emery.
Table of Contents Occurs in granular masses, sometimes with bluish crystals; looks like fine grained iron ore; breaks with uneven surface; scratches quartz easily; very tough; brittle; gravity 4.
Value.-Used extensively as a cutting and polishing material.
Localities.-Found generally in limestone or granite with Magnetic Iron Ore. Chester, Mass.; Newlin and Unionville, Penn.; Macon and Guilford Counties, N. C.
29.-Fluor Spar.
Table of Contents Occurs in square crystals and in masses; glassy lustre; powder white; brittle; crackles when heated and then shines in the dark; does not effervesce with acids; is not scratched by marble; gravity 3.
Value.-Used as flux in glass and iron works.
Localities.-Found in limestone, granite, slate, etc., often at lead-mines. Blue Hill Bay, Me.; Westmoreland, N. H.; Putney, Vt.; Southampton, Mass.; Trumbull, Plymouth, Middletown and Willimantic, Conn.; Muscolonge Lake, Rossie and Johnsburg, N. Y.; near Franklin, N. J.; near Woodstock and Shepardstown, Va.; Smith County, Tenn.; Mercer County, Ky.; Gallatin County, along the Ohio, Ill. Castle Dome District, Ariz.
30.-Franklinite.
Table of Contents Occurs crystallized and in masses; generally made of coarse grains; brittle; powder dark reddish-brown; heated with soda turns bluish-green; dissolves in muriatic acid; gravity 5.
Value.-An ore of zinc.
Localities.-Found in limestone with Garnet and Zincite. Hamburg and Stirling Hill, N. J.
31.-Galena.
Table of Contents Occurs in crystals and masses; brilliant lustre; brittle; easily broken; powder, when finely rubbed is black; can be cut with a knife; heated it gives off sulphur and melts; dissolves in nitric acid leaving a white powder at the bottom; gravity 7.5-or a little heavier than cast-iron.
Value.-The main source of lead (yielding eighty per cent), and also smelted for the silver it contains. Used also in glazing stone-ware.
Localities.-Generally found in limestone with Iron Pyrites, zinc-ore, etc. That found in slate is richest in silver. Abounds in Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Arkansas; Rossie, Wurtzboro, Ancram, Macomb and Ellenville, N. Y.; Lubec, Blue Hill Bay, Bingham and Parsonsville, Me.; Eaton, Shelburne, Haverill, Warren and Bath, N. H.; Thetford, Vt.; Southampton, Leverett and Sterling, Mass.; Middletown and Roxbury, Conn.; Phonixville, Charlestown, Schuylkill, Pequea Valley and Shannonville, Pa.; Austin's and Walton's Mines, Va.; Cabarras County, N. C.; Brown's Creek and Haysboro, Tenn.; Chocolate River, Mich.; Ingo County, Cal.; on Walker's River and Steamboat Springs, Nev.; Castle Dome and Eureka, Ariz.; Clear Creek County, Col.; Virginia City and Red Bluff Lode, Mont.; Cache Valley, Utah.
32.-Garnet.
Table of Contents Occurs in crystals with four-sided faces; often nearly round; deep red, which grows darker by heat; rarely yellow; also in brown masses; melts at a high heat; brittle; not scratched by a knife; glassy lustre; gravity 4.
Value.-The clear deep red and yellow varieties are used for jewelry; the massive brown is ground for "emery."
Localities.-Found in slate and granite rocks. Bethel, Parsonsfield, Phippsburg, Windham, Brunswick and Ranford, Me.; Hanover, Franconia, Haverhill, Warren, Unity, Lisbon and Grafton, N. H.; New Fane, Cabot and Cavendish, Vt.; Carlisle, Boxborough, Brookfield, Brimfield, Newbury, Bedford, Chesterfield and Barre, Mass.; Reading, Monroe, Haddam and Middletown, Conn.; Rogers' Rock, Crown Point, Willsboro, Middletown, Amity, and near Yonkers, N. Y.; Franklin, N. J.; Pennsbury, Warwick, Aston, Knauertown, Chester, Leiperville and Mineral Hill, Pa.; Dickson's Quarry, Del.; Hope Valley, Cal.; near Virginia City, on Yellowstone and Madison Rivers, Mont.
33.-Gold.
Table of Contents Occurs in scales, grains and nuggets, or disseminated through cellular quartz; metallic lustre; without tarnish; can be cut and hammered into thin plates; not dissolved by nitric acid; gravity 19, when pure and of a rich gold yellow color. The pale or brass yellow specimens are much lighter, the gravity being as low as 13. A grayish yellow gold, occurring in small, flat grains has a gravity of about 16.
Localities.-Found in veins of quartz running through greenish or grayish slates, the quartz at the surface being generally full of cavities and rusted, and the slates below the surface often containing little cubic crystals of Iron Pyrites: also in the valleys traversed by mountain-streams and in the river sands and gravel below. Iron and Copper Pyrites, Galena and Blende frequently contain gold. Masses of quartz and pyrites from the gold-regions, which make no show of gold, sometimes pay well; the value of such specimens can be
WASHING AURIFEROUS SANDS. determined only by an assayer. Eastern range of Appalachians, as Habersham, Rabun, Clark, Hall, Lumpkin and Lincoln Counties, Ga.; Abbeville, Chesterfield, Union, Lancaster and Pickens Counties, S. C.; Montgomery, Cabarras, Mechlenburg, Burke and Lincoln Counties, N. C.; Spotsylvania, Buckingham, Fauquier, Stafford, Culpepper, Orange, Goochland and Louisa Counties, Va.; Dedham, Mass.; Bridgewater, Vt.; Canaan and Lisbon, N. H.; on Sandy River and Madrid, Me. Numberless points along the higher Rocky Mountains and western slope of Sierra Nevada, as near Santa Fe, Cerillos and Avo, New Mex.; San Francisco, Wauba and Yuma District, Ariz; between Long's Peak and Pike's Peak, Col.; Comstock Lode, Nev.; Owyhee, Boise and Flint Districts and Poorman Lode, Idaho; Emigrant and Alder Gulches, Red Bluff and near Jefferson River, Mont.; Josephine District, Powder, Burnt, and John Day Rivers, western slope of Cascade Mountains, and southern coast, Oregon; Tulare, Fresno, Mariposa, Tuolumne, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer, Nevada, Yuba, Sierra, Butte, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou Amador and Del Norte Counties, Cal. Rare in the coal-regions and Mississippi Valley.
34.-Graphite.
Table of Contents Occurs in foliated, scaly and granular masses; can be cut into thin slices, which are flexible, but not elastic; impressible by the nail; feels greasy; leaves a shining trace on paper; metallic lustre; not altered by heat or acids; gravity 2.
Value.-Used for pencils, polishing, glazing, for making steel, crucibles, overcoming friction, etc.
Localities.-Found in granite, slate and limestone rocks. Sturbridge, North Brookfield, Brimfield, Hinsdale and Worthington, Mass.; Cornwall and Ashford, Conn.; Brandon, Vt.; Woodstock, Me.; Goshen, Hillsboro and Keene, N. H.; Ticonderoga, Fishkill, Roger's Rock, Johnsburg, Fort Ann, Amity, Rossie and Alexandria, N. Y.; Franklin and Lockwood, N. J.; Southampton and Buck's County, Penn.; on the Gunpowder, Md.; Albemarle County, Va.; Wake, N. C.; Tiger River and Spartanburgh, S. C.; Sonora, Cal. (The soft black slate, often mistaken for Graphite, leaves a coaly trace on paper not a shining streak.)
35.-Gray Copper Ore.
Table of Contents Occurs in crystallized or granular masses; metallic lustre; color between steel-gray and iron-black; brittle; the powder dissolved in nitric acid makes a brownish green solution; melts at a red heat; gravity 5.
Value.-An ore of copper, (containing thirty-three per cent.) and silver, of which Nevada specimens have sixteen per cent.
Localities.-Found with gold, silver and lead. Kellogg Mines, Ark.; Mariposa and Shasta Counties, Cal.; Sheba and De Soto Mines, and near Austin, Nev.; Heintzelman and Santa Rita Mines, Arizona.
36.-Gypsum.
Table of Contents Occurs in plates, fibres coarse and fine, and massive; pearly or glistening; powder white, which if heated and mixed with water, turns hard; does not dissolve in sulphuric acid; may be scratched by the nail; gravity 2.3.
Value.-Used for stucco, manure, glazing, statuary, manufacture of glass, etc. A variety, called Satin Spar, worked into necklace beads and other ornaments, is finely fibrous and compact, taking a polish (though easily scratched,) and then resembles pearl or opal.
Localities.-Found with marl or clay, limestone and salt. Camillus, Manlius, Stark and Lockport, N....
