Preface
The integration of the internet of things (IoT) into the automotive industry is driving an era of unprecedented innovation and connectivity. This book, Building Secure Automotive IoT Applications is crafted to provide a thorough understanding of the technologies, architectures, security approaches, and development practices that define this evolving field. It is structured into five comprehensive parts, offering both theoretical knowledge and practical insights.
The journey begins with an exploration of current automotive trends and the shift towards IoT applications. Readers will gain insights into the technological advancements that are revolutionizing the industry and the essential infrastructure required for IoT.
The focus then shifts to the evolution of vehicle architectures. Here, the transition from traditional mechanical systems to sophisticated electronic and software-integrated systems is examined, alongside the modern tools and methods used for an example use case based on vehicle diagnostics.
Recognizing the critical importance of cybersecurity, the book delves into secure development practices for automotive IoT. It covers new cybersecurity threats, secure development methodologies, and practical steps for establishing secure development environments. Additionally, strategies for managing risks in the software supply chain are discussed in detail.
The book also provides a detailed look at the life cycle of automotive IoT applications. It covers the end-to-end process of designing, developing, deploying, and maintaining these applications, offering practical guidance and strategies for effective implementation and management.
Finally, the book synthesizes these insights, focusing on the unique aspects of automotive software development. It addresses essential engineering practices, offers guidance for engineers transitioning into the automotive domain, and discusses the collaborative nature of development, including regulatory considerations.
This book aims to be a definitive guide for professionals and enthusiasts alike, blending in-depth theoretical knowledge with practical advice. Whether you are an industry veteran or a newcomer, you will find valuable information to help you navigate and succeed in the dynamic world of automotive IoT.
Who this book is for
If you have been working as an automotive software engineer focused on embedded development, but want to learn about growing IoT development, this book is for you. If you are an IoT software developer but want to learn automotive development, this book is for you. This book is an excellent resource to help you grow your automotive software expertise and prepare for a new career in automotive IoT development.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Automotive Technology Trends, introduces the reader to automotive trends and describes how the automotive industry is changing to support new use cases for automotive IoT. This chapter gives the reader an overview of the technology trends enabling IoT and introduces relevant terminology and concepts.
Chapter 2, Introducing Automotive IoT Use Cases, introduces several automotive IoT use cases that significantly enhance vehicle functionality and driver safety through connected car services, ADAS, and personalized in-car experiences. Some of these use cases will be referenced throughout the book in the different chapters to allow the reader to follow the various topics on end-to-end automotive IoT application development.
Chapter 3, Vehicle Architecture and Framework, covers the evolution of vehicle architecture, spanning more than two decades, tracing its journey from distributed systems to integrated approaches. We'll explore essential technologies and frameworks such as Hypervisor, AUTOSAR Classic, and Adaptive AUTOSAR, comparing their roles in modern vehicle design. Key topics include the scale of vehicle architectures and the standard frameworks supporting both vehicle architecture and the IoT landscape.
Chapter 4, Vehicle Diagnostics, introduces key diagnostic protocols in modern automotive systems: Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) and Diagnostic over Internet Protocol (DoIP), integrated with AUTOSAR. We explore UDS for versatile vehicle diagnostics and firmware updates across communication platforms and delve into DoIP for high-speed diagnostic communication over networks, crucial for predictive maintenance. We discuss the diagnostic communication flow and components for remote diagnostics in AUTOSAR-based systems, emphasizing advanced service management for enhanced flexibility and scalability. These protocols ensure efficient, reliable, and secure vehicle diagnostics in today's connected automotive landscape.
Chapter 5, Next Wave of Vehicle Diagnostics, covers the evolving landscape of vehicle diagnostics to meet the demands of modern vehicles, including IoT applications. UDS has limitations in adapting to dynamic software-defined vehicles, prompting the need for a more flexible protocol. Enter Service-Oriented Vehicle Diagnostics (SOVD), the next generation of diagnostic protocols tailored for modern vehicles. This chapter provides insights into SOVD, including a demonstration and comparison with UDS. Key topics covered include the necessity beyond UDS, an in-depth look at SOVD, and a demonstration of its application.
Chapter 6, Exploring Secure Development Processes for Automotive IoT, explores how automotive IoT brings new cybersecurity threats and as such there is a need for cybersecurity and for establishing secure software development processes. This chapter discusses security processes and software development methodologies including ISO/SAE 21434, ASPICE for Cybersecurity, the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, ISO 27001, OWASP, and DevSecOps. Additionally, speci?c cybersecurity activities in the secure software development life cycle are presented.
Chapter 7, Establishing a Secure Software Development Platform, shows how to establish a secure software development platform to help develop secure software for automotive IoT. This chapter gives step-by-step practical guidance on how to establish such a platform and explains the benefits of using this platform approach. Furthermore, several different application security testing approaches are described, as well as how to handle vulnerability management and how to automate security testing.
Chapter 8, Securing the Software Supply Chain, discusses the risks in the software supply chain, due to the plethora of software for automotive IoT use cases provided through it, and presents several practical suggestions on how to address the risks. For example, topics on Cybersecurity Interface Agreement for Development (CIAD), vendor security assessments, open-source software, and Software Bill of Material (SBOM) will be covered.
Chapter 9, System Design of an Automotive IoT Application, details the end-to-end system design of remote vehicle diagnostics use case. It explores the critical balance of desirability, feasibility, and viability in system design, emphasizing a user-centric approach. It provides a comprehensive overview of system components, from telematics gateways to cloud platforms, detailing the technologies and design considerations involved.
Chapter 10, Developing an Automotive IoT Application, explores the software design and development process of automotive IoT applications. It covers cloud backend deployment models, service models, and IoT application architecture. The chapter details software components for both cloud and vehicle telematics gateways, emphasizing the importance of remote diagnostics and predictive maintenance. It also discusses the development process for cloud and embedded software, highlighting key differences and considerations.
Chapter 11, Deploying and Maintaining an Automotive IoT Application, delves into the deployment and maintenance of automotive IoT applications, emphasizing the DevSecOps life cycle. The chapter details activities, tools, and interactions throughout the process, highlighting how deployment pipelines are established and managed across all stages. It also covers security integration, coding, building, testing, releasing, deploying, operating, and monitoring, providing a comprehensive guide to ensuring rapid deployment and maintaining high-quality standards in automotive IoT applications.
Chapter 12, Processes and Practices, explores processes and practices in automotive IoT software development. It covers Automotive SPICE®, functional safety (ISO 26262), and other key processes such as DFMEA and 5 Why Root Cause Analysis. It emphasizes the importance of processes in achieving high-quality software and provides insights into their practical application. The chapter also discusses the challenges and benefits of adopting...
