Space Exploration

Name: Space Exploration | A History in 100 Objects
Brand: The Experiment
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A History in 100 Objects

Sten Odenwald(Autor*in)

The Experiment (Verlag)

Erschienen am 30. April 2021

227 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Dedication
Contents
Foreword by John Mather
Introduction
1. The Blombos Ochre Drawing: The first step to comprehending space
2. The Abri Blanchard Bone Plaque: Ancient lunar phase calendar (30,000 BCE)
3. The Egyptian Star Clock: The first steps toward quantifying the sky (2100 BCE)
4. The Nebra Sky Disk: A pocket planetarium (1600 BCE)
5. The Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa: Modern astronomy's foundational text (1500 BCE)
6. The Star Charts of Senenmut: Drawing the sky in detail (1483 BCE)
7. The Merkhet: Fusing astronomy and construction (1400 BCE)
8. The Nimrud Lens: The first step toward modern telescopes (750 BCE)
9. The Greek Armillary Sphere: The first celestial calculators (300 BCE)
10. The Diopter: A landmark in charting accurate star positions (200 BCE)
11. Antikythera Mechanism: A portable celestial calculator (200 BCE)
12. Hipparchus's Star Atlas: A foundational map of the heavens (129 BCE)
13. The Astrolabe: Using the stars to track time (375 BCE)
14. The Dunhuang Star Atlas: The first complete star chart (700 BCE)
15. Al-Khwarizmi's Algebra Textbook: Multiplying the power to calculate our universe (820 BCE)
16. The Dresden Codex: A glimpse at Mayan precision astronomy (1200 to 1300)
17. The Chaco Canyon Sun Dagger: An homage to celestial movement in spiral and light (1300)
18. Giovanni de' Dondi's Astrarium: An astonishingly complex calculator from the late Middle Ages (1364)
19. The Big Horn Medicine Wheel: An American Indian monument to the stars in Wyoming (1400)
20. The Ensisheim Stone: Rocks from the sky (1492)
21. De Revolutionibus: Copernicus changes the center of the universe (1564)
22. Tycho's Mural Quadrant: And his other tools of precision astronomy (1590)
23. Galileo's Telescope: The beginning of modern astronomy (1609)
24. The Slide Rule: The proto-calculator technology of the 1960s space program (1622)
25. The Eyepiece Micrometer: The most precise astronomical measurement yet (1630)
26. The Clock Drive: A new way of seeing with telescopes (1674)
27. The Meridian Circle: An ingenious device to help catalog the stars (ca. 1690)
28. The Skidi Pawnee Star Chart: A relic of an American Indian tribe famed for celestial observation (1700)
29. Smoked-Glass Sun Viewing: The original eclipse glasses, making celestial events accessible to the masses (1706)
30. The Gyroscope: An ingenious device for keeping rockets flying straight and true (1743)
31. The Electric Battery: Keeping spacecraft running (1748)
32. Pilâtre de Rozier and d'Arlandes's Balloon: First flight (1783)
33. William Herschel's Forty-Foot Telescope: The largest scientific tool of its day (1785)
34. The Spectroscope: Discovering what the stars are made of (1814)
35. The Daguerreotype Camera: The advent of astronomical photography (1839)
36. The Solar Panel: Fuel for spacecraft (1839)
37. The Leviathan of Parsonstown: The last telescope of its kind (1845)
38. Crookes Tube: Detecting and measuring nuclear particles (1869)
39. The Triode Vacuum Tube: The birth of electronics (1906)
40. The Ion Rocket Engine: Game-changing propulsion (1906)
41. The Hooker Telescope: The most famous telescope (1917)
42. Robert Goddard's Rocket: The first use of liquid rocket fuel (March 16, 1926)
43. The Van de Graaff Generator: The dawn of atom-smashing technology (1929)
44. The Coronagraph: Eclipses on demand (1931)
45. Jansky's Merry-Go-Round Radio Telescope: The birth of radio astronomy (1932)
46. The V-2 Rocket: The first artificial object in space (1942)
47. ENIAC: The first modern computer (1943)
48. Colossus Mark 2: First programmable computer (1944)
49. The Radio Interferometer: A powerful breakthrough in searching the cosmos (1946)
50. The Heat Shield: Returning payloads safely back to Earth (1948)
51. The Integrated Circuit: Paving the way for spacecraft-ready computing power (1949)
52. The Atomic Clock: Using time to measure space (1949)
53. Space Fasteners: The unsung technology holding space exploration together (1950)
54. The Hydrogen Line Radio Telescope: Mapping the interstellar medium (1951)
55. The X-Ray Imaging Telescope: A new window onto the universe (1952)
56. The Hydrogen Bomb: A destructive demonstration of how stars shine (1952)
57. The Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator: Electricity when the sun doesn't shine (1954)
58. The Nuclear Rocket Engine: Now we're getting somewhere! (1955)
59. Sputnik: Russians win the space race . . . for a few months (1957)
60. Vanguard 1: The oldest space junk (1958)
61. Luna 3: Our first glimpse of the Moon's far side (1959)
62. The Endless Loop Magnetic Tape Recorder: Data storage in space (1959)
63. The Laser: A new light and way of seeing (1960)
64. Space Food: Cuisine for the Space Age (1961)
65. The Space Suit: A life-supporting second skin (1962)
66. Syncom 2 (and 3): Making space commercially accessible (1963)
67. The Vidicon Camera: Electronically imaging objects in space (1964)
68. The Space Blanket: A simple way to keep heat in-and out (1964)
69. The Handheld Maneuvering Unit: Getting around in space (1965)
70. Apollo 1 Block I Hatch: A grim wake-up call to the perils of space travel (1967)
71. The Interface Message Processor: The beginning of the World Wide Web (1967)
72. The Hasselblad Camera: The first selfies in space (1968)
73. Apollo 11 Moon Rocks: The first systematic geological samples from another world (1969)
74. The CCD Imager: Filmless imaging of planets, stars, and galaxies (1969)
75. The Lunar Laser Ranging RetroReflector: Measuring the Earth-Moon distance with lasers (1969)
76. The Apollo Lunar Television Camera: The iconic image of Neil Armstrong's first, small step (1969)
77. The Homestake Gold Mine Neutrino Detector: The first neutrino detector (1970)
78. Lunokhod 1: The first robot to visit another world (1970)
79. The Skylab Exercise Bike: Humans learn how to stay fit in space (1973)
80. The Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS): Discovering the true shape of Earth (1976)
81. Smoot's Differential Microwave Radiometer: Big Bang cosmology confirmed (1976)
82. The Viking Remote- Controlled Sampling Arm: Robotic manipulation of another planet's surface (1976)
83. The "Rubber Mirror": Advent of adaptive optics, a better way for telescopes to see (1977)
84. The Multi-Fiber Spectrograph: Studying galaxies a hundred at a time (1978)
85. The Venera Landers: Exploring the surface of Venus (1981)
86. The Compromised Challenger O-Rings: A humble sealant causes a historic disaster (1986)
87. COSTAR: Giving the Hubble Space Telescope the gift of sight (1993)
88. CMOS Sensors: High-precision astronomical imaging (1995)
89. The Allan Hills Meteorite: The search for aliens gets serious (1996)
90. Sojourner: Robotic exploration of Mars begins (1997)
91. Gravity Probe B: Testing general relativity (2004)
92. LIDAR: Automated docking maneuvers removing humans from the equation (2007)
93. The Large Hadron Collider: The most complex machine ever built (2008)
94. The Kepler Space Telescope: World's largest digital camera in space (2009)
95. Curiosity Rover: An astonishing robotic space explorer (2012)
96. Mangalyaan-the Mars Orbiter Mission: India joins Club Mars-at a discount (November 2013)
97. A 3-D Printed Ratchet Wrench: Print what you need, when you need it, in space (2014)
98. The LIGO Gravitational-Wave Interferometer: Finding ripples in space-time (2015)
99. The Tesla Roadster: Advertising enters the Space Age (February 2018)
100. The Event Horizon Telescope: The first glimpse of a black hole (2019)
Resources and Photo Credits
Acknowledgments
About the Author

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