Spectroscopy in Catalysis

INTRODUCTION
Heterogeneous Catalysis
The Aim of Catalyst Characterization
Spectroscopic Techniques
Research Strategies
TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED TECHNIQUES
Introduction
Temperature-Programmed Reduction
Temperature-Programmed Sulfidation
Temperature-Programmed Reaction Spectroscopy
Temperature-Programmed Desorption
Temperature-Programmed Reaction Spectroscopy in UHV
PHOTOEMISSION AND AUGER SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
Auger Electron Spectroscopy
THE ION SPECTROSCOPIES
Introduction
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)
Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry (SNMS)
Ion Scattering: The Collision Process
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)
Low-Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS)
MOESSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
The Moessbauer Effect
Moessbauer Spectroscopy
Moessbauer Spectroscopy in Catalyst Characterization
DIFFRACTION AND EXTENDED X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE (EXAFS)
Introduction
X-Ray Diffraction
Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED)
X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS)
MICROSCOPY AND IMAGING
Introduction
Electron Microscopy
Field Emission Microscopy and Ion Microscopy
Scanning Probe Microscopy: AFM and STM
Other Imaging Techniques
VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
Theory of Molecular Vibrations
Infrared Spectroscopy
Sum-Frequency Generation
Raman Spectroscopy
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)
CASE STUDIES IN CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION
Introduction
Supported Rhodium Catalysts
Alkali Promoters on Metal Surfaces
Cobalt-Molybdenum Sulfide Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts
Chromium Polymerization Catalysts