Cellular Mechanism for Calcium Transfer and Homeostasis

List of ContributorsPrefaceCreditsAcknowledgmentsFranklin Chambers McLean and the State of Calcium in Body FluidsI. The State of Calcium in Body Fluids The Structure, Properties, and Formation of Calcium Phosphates in Hard Tissue Introduction Hydroxyapatite Structure Carbonate Apatites Bone Apatite Amorphous Calcium Phosphate in Bone Mineral Tissue Mineralization Conclusions References Discussion Differentiation Processes in Calcified Tissues Introduction Development as a General Process Development in Bone and Dental Tissues Conclusion References Discussion The Binding of Calcium with Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids General Procedures Nucleic Acids Phospholipids Conclusions and Summary References Discussion Chemical Structure of Bone Sialoprotein and a Preliminary Study of Its Calcium-Binding Properties Isolation of Bone Sialoprotein Composition of BSP Physical Properties of BSP Binding of Radioelements to BSP Calcium Binding and Inhibition of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation Conclusion References DiscussionII. Role of Calcium in Membrane Structure and Integrity The Biionic Action Potential and Indispensability of Divalent Cations in the External Medium for Nerve Excitation Introduction Intracellular Perfusion of the Squid Giant Axon Effects of Calcium Ions Inside the Axon The Biionic Action Potential Ionic Mechanism of Nerve Excitation Change in the Hydrophobicity of the Membrane Macromolecules during Nerve Excitation Conclusions References Discussion The Calcium Homeostatic System as a Physiological Regulator of Cell Proliferation in Mammalian Tissues Introduction Basic Phenomena Mechanism Physiological Significance Summary References DiscussionIII. Calcium Transfer across Cell and Subcellular Membranes A Calcium Pump in Red Cell Membranes Text References Discussion Calcium Transport in Kidney Cells and Its Regulation Calcium Pools Calcium Fluxes A Model for Cellular Calcium Metabolism References Discussion Recent Observations on the Mechanism of Ca2+ Transport by Fragmented Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes Introduction Role of Phospholipids in ATPase Activity and Calcium Transport Protein Composition of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes Isolation of a Phosphopeptide from Microsomal Membranes Labeled with AT32P or Acetyl-32P References DiscussionIV. Cell Mechanisms in Mineralized Tissues The Concept of a Bone Membrane: Some Implications Text References Discussion Bone Cells, Calcification, and Calcium Homeostasis Text References Discussion The Role of Mitochondria in Intracellular Calcium Regulation Experimental Protocol Method Results Summary References Discussion Bone Formation and Resorption by Osteocytes Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusions References DiscussionV.