Closer Look at Glycation

Name: Closer Look at Glycation
Brand: Nova Science Publishers Inc
Price: 241.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Ahmad Ansari Nadeem(Herausgeber*in)

Nova Science Publishers Inc

Erschienen am 12. Februar 2021

254 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1
A Study on the Role of Glycated Proteins in Age-Related Diseases and Their Potential to Become a Novel Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Diseases
Abstract
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Early Glycated Proteins as Indicator of Average Blood Glucose Levels
1.3. Glycated Proteins in Aging, Age-Related Complications and Diseases
1.3.1. Glycated Plasma or Serum Proteins (HSA, Hemoglobin, Immunoglobulins, Fibrinogen, Lipoproteins)
1.3.2. Glycated Proteins of Extracellular Matrix (Collagen, Elastin, Fibrillin, Fibronectin)
1.3.3. Glycated Intracellular Proteins (ERM, Vimentin, Crystallins, APP, Tau, Histones)
1.3.4. Glycated Enzymes
1.4. Ages in Diabetic Childrens Leading to Complications
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2
The Effects of Glycation on Serum Albumins
Abstract
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Glycation of Proteins
2.2.1. General Perspective
2.2.2. Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs)
2.2.3. Structural and Functional Changes of Proteins
2.2.4. Adverse Effects of Glycation
2.3. Glycation of Human Serum Albumin (HSA)
2.3.1. Structure of HSA
2.3.2. Structure of Glycated HSA
2.3.3. Probable Glycation Sites in HSA
2.4. Methods of Glycation by Different Glycating Agents
2.4.1. Glycating Agent: Methylglyoxal
2.4.2. Glycating Agent: Fructose
2.4.3. Glycating Agent: Glucose
2.4.4. Glycating Agent: Galactose
2.4.5. Glycating Agent: Ribose
2.5. Characterization Techniques of Glycated HSA
2.5.1. Fluorescence Spectroscopic Analysis
2.5.2. Determination of Carbonyl Content
2.5.3. Determination of Free Amino Groups Using Fluorescamine Reagent
2.5.4. Determination of Free Arginine Side Chains
2.5.5. Tryptic Digestion and MALDI-ToF Experiments
2.5.6. Fructosamine Assay
2.5.7. Thiobarbituric Acid Assay (TBA Assay)
2.5.8. Nitroblue Tetrazolium Assay (NBT Assay)
2.6. Structural and Functional Alterations of HSA
2.7. Effects on Ligand Binding
2.8. Inhibition of Glycation by Small Ligand Molecules
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3
Enhancing Effect of L-Lysine on Glycation of Histone H1 and Bovine Serum Albumin In vitro
Abstract
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Isolation of Histone H1 from Rat Liver
3.2.2. Glycation of Histone H1
3.2.3. Glycation of BSA
3.2.4. Glycation of BSA with D-Ribose Pre-Incubated with L-Lysine
3.2.5. Glycation of BSA in the Presence of Resveratrol
3.2.6. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
3.2.7. Statistical Evaluation of Results
3.3. Results
3.3.1. Glycation of Histone H1 with Glucose 6-Phosphate in the Presence of L-Lysine
3.3.2. SDS-PAGE of Glycated Histone H1
3.3.3. Glycation of BSA with D-Ribose in the Presence of L-Lysine
3.3.4. Glycation of BSA with D-Ribose Pre-Incubated with L-Lysine
3.3.5. Effect of Resveratrol on BSA Glycation
3.4. Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4
Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts: An Increasing Concern
Abstract
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Dietary Ages
4.2.1. Formation of Dietary AGEs
4.2.2. Chemical Structure of Dietary AGEs
4.3. Ages and Human Health
4.3.1. Dietary AGES and Human Diseases
4.3.2. AGEs and Diabetes and Complication
4.3.3. AGEs and Age-Related Diseases
4.4. Factors Influencing Dietary Ages
4.5. Detecting Dietary Ages
4.5.1. Fluorescence Spectrophotometry Detection
4.5.2. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
4.5.3. Chromatographic Methods
4.6. Occurrence Level of Dietary Ages
4.6.1. Occurrence of CML
4.6.2. Occurrence of Pentosidine
4.6.3. Occurrence of Pyrraline
4.6.4. Occurrence of Dicarbonyl Compounds
4.7. Inhibition of Dietary Ages
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
The Effects of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) on Bone Biomechanics and Remodeling
Abstract
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Formation and Classification of Ages in Bone Matrix
5.2.1. Formation of AGEs
5.2.2. Classification of AGEs in Bone Matrix
5.3. Effect of AGEs on Major Bone Cells
5.3.1. Effect of AGEs on Osteoblasts
5.3.2. Effect of AGEs on Osteoclasts
5.3.3. Effect of AGEs on Osteocytes
5.4. Effect of AGEs on Bone Biomechanics
5.4.1. Modification of Bone Ultrastructure
5.4.2. Changes in Mechanical Properties
5.5. Underlying Mechanisms of AGEs Affecting Bone Biomechanics
5.5.1. Differences between AGEs Adduct and Crosslinking
5.5.2. AGEs vs. Bound Water
5.5.3. AGEs vs. Collagen Phase
5.6. AGEs vs. Bone Disorders
5.6.1. AGEs vs. Bone Loss
5.6.2. AGEs vs. Delayed Bone Fracture Healing
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6
Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Their Role in Aging, Diseases, and Forensic Science
Abstract
6.1. Introduction
6.2. General Adverse Effects of AGEs and RAGE
6.2.1. AGEs
6.2.1.1. Protein Modifications
6.2.1.2. Insulin Signaling Defect
6.2.1.3. Enzyme Activity Inhibition
6.2.1.4. Nucleotide Changes
6.2.1.5. Immune System
6.2.1.6. Lipoprotein Changes
6.2.2. RAGE
6.3. AGEs, Aging and Diseases
6.4. Therapeutic Interventions
6.4.1. RAGE
6.4.2. AGEs
6.5. Applications to Forensic Science
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
Potential Inhibitory Effects of Plant and Cyanobacteria-Derived Natural Products on Advanced Glycation End-Product Formation
Abstract
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Protein Glycation and AGE Formation
7.3. Potential Inhibitors of AGE Formation
7.3.1. Synthetic Inhibitors
7.3.2. Natural Product Inhibitors
7.3.2.1. Materials from Plants
Plant Extracts
Polyphenols
Carotenoids
7.3.2.2. Cyanobacterial Secondary Metabolites
Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids
Other Antioxidants in Cyanobacteria
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 8
Repurposing Drugs for the Inhibition of Advanced Glycation Endproducts Formation: A Computational Study of the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Met-Enkephalin Neurotransmitter Peptide by Means of Conceptual DFT
Abstract
Commentary
Perspectives in Glycation Biology
About the Editor
Index
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