Marine Renewable Energy Handbook

Name: Marine Renewable Energy Handbook
Brand: Wiley-ISTE
Price: 266.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Bernard Multon(Autor*in)

Wiley-ISTE (Verlag)

Erschienen am 7. Februar 2013

644 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Marine Renewable Energy Handbook
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1. Marine Environment and Energy Resources
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Physical and potential resources
1.2.1. Definitions and orders of magnitude on the subject of marine energy
1.2.2. Energetic potential and conversion
1.2.3. Wind energy
1.2.4. Tidal energy
1.2.5. Tidal stream energy
1.2.6. Swell energy
1.2.7. Ocean thermal energy conversion
1.3. Physical aspects of the marine environment
1.3.1. Water depth
1.3.2. Nature of sea beds
1.3.3. Meteo-oceanic conditions
1.3.4. Distance from the coast
1.4. Environmental data
1.4.1. Environmental factors to take into account
1.4.2. Special areas
1.5. Bibliography
Chapter 2. Constraints of the Marine Environment
2.1. Extreme conditions at sea
2.1.1. Some notes about uncertainties
2.1.2. From response extremes to their generating conditions
2.1.3. From commonplace conditions to exceptional events
2.1.4. Some characteristics of maritime meteorological extremes
2.2. Materials in the marine environment
2.2.1. Choice of materials
2.2.2. Durability
2.2.3. Anti-fouling protection
2.3. Bibliography
Chapter 3. Some Concepts of Hydrodynamics and Ocean Engineering
3.1. The marine environment
3.1.1. Ocean waves
3.1.2. Currents and wind
3.2. Loads on marine structures
3.2.1. Hydrostatic force
3.2.2. Excitation forces on waves
3.2.3. Radiation forces
3.2.4. Drift forces in waves
3.2.5. Viscous drag forces
3.3. Numerical and experimental tools for analysis
3.3.1. Numerical methods
3.3.2. Experimental methods
3.4. Conclusion
3.5. Bibliography
Chapter 4. Marine Energy and Industrial Actors
4.1. Why does marine energy concern large industrial players?
4.1.1. The marine environment is complex and sometimes hostile
4.1.2. Means of intervention at sea
4.2. An energy source of immense potential
4.3. Marine energy: a sector reserved for industrial players and large-scale international investors
4.4. Example of offshore wind energy: the main players and industry in France
4.5. Industrial assembly
4.5.1. Players involved in the project
4.5.2. The most effective allotment of the work
4.6. Industrial risks and how to manage them
4.6.1. Development phase
4.6.2. Technological risks during construction
4.6.3. Risks during the operation phase
4.6.4. Risks linked to deconstruction
4.7. Hazard management for interventions at sea
4.8. Design and maintenance of electricity-producing installations at sea
4.9. Policies and organization of maintenance
4.10. Operational and maintenance activities
4.10.1. Operation
4.10.2. Maintenance
4.11. Estimating maintenance costs
4.12. Decision-making by the investors
4.13. Conclusion
4.14. Bibliography
Chapter 5. Installation of Wind Turbines at Sea
5.1. Peculiarities of the marine environment
5.1.1. Influence of the waves
5.1.2. Scouring
5.2. Design of the support structures of offshore wind turbines
5.2.1. Criteria dictating the size
5.2.2. Main types of support structures for offshore wind turbines
5.3. Assembly of offshore wind turbines
5.4. Electrical cables
5.5. Access to offshore wind turbines
5.6. Floating wind turbines
5.6.1. General facts about floating wind turbines
5.6.2. Column float
5.6.3. Semi-submersible float
5.6.4. Tension leg platform
5.6.5. Upwind or downwind turbines
Chapter 6. Conversion Systems for Offshore Wind Turbines
6.1. Evolution of wind energy technology
6.1.1. Brief history
6.1.2. Architecture of a modern wind turbine
6.1.3. Recent realizations and developments
6.1.4. Technological trends
6.2. Estimating the wind energy resource
6.2.1. Nature of the wind
6.2.2. Knowledge of onshore potential
6.2.3. Offshore wind energy potential
6.3. Wind turbines
6.3.1. Statistical characteristic curves
6.3.2. Estimating the power developed by a wind turbine
6.3.3. Generator and power electronic systems
6.3.4. Multi-megawatt offshore wind farms
6.4 Bibliography
Chapter 7. Production of Tidal Range Energy
7.1. Tidal range energy - theory and potential
7.1.1. Theory
7.2. Potential of tidal range energy development
7.2.1. Global potential
7.2.2. Existing tidal power plants and projects
7.3. Tidal range energy in France: the Rance Tidal Power Plant
7.3.1. Brief history of tidal range energy in France
7.3.2. The construction of the Rance Tidal Power Plant
7.3.3. The bulb groups at the Rance Tidal Power Plant
7.3.4. Operational cycles at the Rance Tidal Power Plant
7.3.5. Cathodic protection
7.3.6. Technical expertise gained from experience
7.3.7. The environmental effects experienced
7.4. Tidal range energy in Canada - Annapolis
7.4.1. Brief history of tidal range energy in Canada (Bay of Fundy)
7.4.2. Annapolis Royal Generating Station
7.5. Tidal range energy in the United Kingdom - the Severn
7.5.1. Brief history of tidal range energy in the UK
7.5.2. Studies on tidal range energy projects in the Severn estuary
7.5.3. Studies of innovative solutions for the Severn estuary
7.5.4. Research on tidal range energy projects in the Mersey estuary
7.6. Tidal range energy in South Korea - Sihwa
7.6.1. Brief history of tidal range energy in South Korea
7.6.2. The Sihwa tidal range energy scheme
7.7. The challenges of tidal range energy
7.7.1. Costs
7.7.2. Environmental impact
7.8. Bibliography
CHAPTER 8. CONCEPTS, MODELING AND CONTROL OF TIDAL TURBINES
8.1. Introduction
8.2. State of the art technology in tidal turbines
8.2.1. Basic concepts and topologies
8.2.2. Turbines founded on the principle of lift
8.2.3. Other concepts
8.2.4. Ducts
8.2.5. Energy potential and choice of site
8.3. Modeling and control of tidal turbines
8.3.1. Modeling
8.3.2. Controlling elements of a tidal turbine
8.4. Bibliography
CHAPTER 9. PAIMPOL-BRÉHAT: DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST TIDAL ARRAY IN FRANCE
9.1. Introduction and context
9.1.1. Selection of the site
9.1.2. Local choice
9.1.3. Choice of site for coming onshore and the cable's route
9.1.4. Reconnaissance
9.2. Selection of technologies
9.2.1. Methodological approach for the turbines
9.2.2. Comparative view of the technologies
9.2.3. Conclusion
9.2.4. Choice of the topology of linkage
9.2.5. Choice of the connection strategy
9.2.6. Technological developments
9.3. Technical specifications of the project and the producible power
9.3.1. Farm of turbines
9.3.2. Calculations of the producible power
9.3.3. Environmental monitoring
9.4. Administrative procedures
9.4.1. Context and applicable procedures
9.4.2. Feedback
9.5. Conclusion and perspectives
9.6. Bibliography
CHAPTER 10. FEEDBACK FROM THE SABELLA TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE PROJECT
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Design of the Sabella turbines
10.2.1. First design
10.2.2. Second design
10.2.3. Third design
10.3. The demonstration project Sabella D03
10.3.1. Presentation of the project
10.3.2. Results of the measurements
10.3.3. Observations
10.4. Conclusions
10.5. Bibliography
CHAPTER 11. WAVE ENERGY CONVERTERS
11.1. Presentation of the wave energy resource
11.1.1. Taking the spectral nature of the swell into account
11.1.2. Chart of the occurrence of sea states
11.1.3. Geographic distribution
11.2. Classification of wave energy converters
11.2.1. Overtopping systems: type A
11.2.2. Oscillating water column systems: type B
11.2.3. Oscillating body systems: type C
11.2.4. Hydrodynamic performance of wave energy converters: capture width and capture width ratio
11.3. Direct wave energy converters with direct electromechanical conversion (type C5)
11.3.1. Work at the Universities of Durham and Edinburgh (UK)
11.3.2. Work at the University of Uppsala (Sweden)
11.3.3. Work at the Delft University of Technology (Netherlands)
11.3.4. The SEAREV wave energy converter (CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan)
11.4. Fluctuations of power produced by wave energy converters
11.5. Bibliography
Chapter 12. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: A Historical Perspective
12.1. The thermal resource of the oceans
12.1.1. The origin of the thermal resource
12.1.2. Distribution and variability of the thermal resource
12.2. Main principles of ocean thermal energy conversion
12.2.1. An inverse refrigerator
12.2.2. Small temperature differences
12.3. Georges Claude, the pioneer
12.3.1. The beginning of an adventure
12.3.2. The land-based plant in Cuba
12.3.3. The end of a dream in Brazil
12.4. A renaissance at the end of the 20th Century?
12.4.1. The Mini-OTEC Project
12.4.2. The OTEC-1 Project
12.4.3. Land-based OTEC pilot project in Nauru
12.4.4. Test of suspended cold water pipe (NOAA)
12.4.5. Test to install a segment of cold water pipe on the sea bed
12.4.6. Net Power Producing Experiment
12.4.7. The setbacks of an Indo-Japanese project
12.5. Reflections
12.6. Bibliography
Chapter 13. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Solutions Studied
13.1 The industrial approach to ocean thermal energy conversion
13.2. The energy conversion system at the heart of OTEC
13.2.1. Thermodynamic cycles
13.2.2. Major components of the "energy system"
13.2.3. The fluids
13.3. Integration of OTEC plants
13.3.1. Onshore and offshore plants
13.3.2. Different solutions for the platform
13.4. An OTEC plant in the marine environment
13.4.1. Environmental data which have an impact on the functionality of OTEC
13.4.2. OTEC, a form of energy which respects the environment, but with points to be carefully monitored
13.4.3. A regulatory framework which must be consolidated
13.4.4. Reflections
13.5. Conclusion
13.6. Bibliography
Chapter 14. Electrical Conversion Systems
14.1. Historical introduction
14.2. General facts
14.2.1. Analysis of the conversion solutions
14.2.2. Requirements of the grids
14.2.3. Associated machines and conversions
14.3. Voltage inverters in pulse width modulation
14.3.1. DC link
14.3.2. Currents in DC feed
14.3.3. Design of the DC link
14.3.4. DC bus technology
14.3.5. Design of the condensers
14.4. Storage
14.5. Control of the voltage Ed
14.5.1. Stability
14.6. Filtering the output voltages
14.6.1. The possible filters
14.7. Transmission
14.7.1. Note about cables
14.7.2. The possible transmission diagrams
14.7.3. Communication
14.7.4. Compensation
14.8. Technology
14.8.1. Cooling circuits
14.8.2. Cooling the semi-conductors
14.8.3. Exchanger
14.8.4. The power diagram
14.8.5. Elements of the control system
14.9. Maintenance
14.10. Conclusion
14.11. Bibliography
Chapter 15. Cables for Collecting and Transmitting Energy Produced by Offshore Technologies
15.1. Introduction
15.2. General facts
15.3. Functions of high-voltage cable systems
15.3.1. Cable system for transmitting alternating current
15.3.2. Single-core cable system for DC function
15.3.3. Connecting accessories
15.4. Manufacture of submarine cables
15.4.1. Introduction
15.4.2. Conductor
15.4.3. Insulation
15.4.4. Application of the metallic screen
15.4.5. Sheathing
15.4.6. Assembly or lay-up
15.4.7. Armoring
15.4.8. Routine testing
15.5. Principles and tools for the design of submarine cables
15.5.1. Electrical design
15.5.2. Transmission capacity
15.5.3. Physical properties of the materials used
15.5.4. Armor
15.6. Tests of submarine cables
15.6.1. Development testing
15.6.2. Prequalification testing
15.6.3. Type testing
15.6.4. Routine testing
15.6.5. Testing on samples
15.6.6. Testing after installation
15.7. Specificities of DC cables
15.8. Specificities of dynamic cables
15.9. Electrical characteristics of submarine cables
15.9.1. Conventional formulae
15.9.2. Work in progress within CIGRE
15.10. New advances presented during JICABLE 2011
15.11. Bibliography
List of Authors
Index

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