Radiography of the Dog and Cat

About the Companion Website ix
Acknowledgment xi
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1: Interpretation of Radiographs 3
Musculoskeleton 4
Thorax 12
Abdomen 27
Chapter 2: Making Quality Radiographs 43
Production and use of diagnostic x-rays 44
Positioning guide 59
Interpreting radiographs 82
Scope of diagnostic imaging 85
Chapter 3: Contrast Radiography 87
Indications for contrast radiography 88
Types of contrast media 88
Adverse effects associated with contrast media 89
Contrast radiography procedures 91
Chapter 4: Musculoskeleton 123
Normal radiographic anatomy 125
General 125
Bone development 128
Sesamoid bones 130
Variable ossification centers 132
Joints 133
Skull 146
Diseases and disorders 152
Bone production 152
Bone loss 156
Benign conditions 157
Fractures 161
Hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) 171
Osteomyelitis 171
Osseous neoplasia 174
Soft tissues 177
Appendicular skeleton 180
Axial skeleton 232
Differential diagnoses 264
General bone 264
Joints 267
Spine 268
Skull 271
Pharynx and larynx abnormalities 273
Chapter 5: Thorax 275
Normal radiographic anatomy 277
Thoracic wall 277
Diaphragm 279
Pleura and pleural space 279
Mediastinum 280
Esophagus 282
Heart and major vessels 284
Trachea 290
Bronchi 290
Lungs 291
Diseases and disorders 294
Thoracic wall 294
Diaphragm 297
Pleura and pleural space 299
Mediastinum 304
Esophagus 306
Heart and major vessels 312
Trachea and bronchi 335
Lungs 341
Differential diagnoses 356
Thoracic wall 356
Diaphragm 357
Pleura and pleural space 358
Mediastinum 360
Esophagus 362
Cardiac silhouette 364
Major vessels 368
Trachea 369
Lungs 371
Chapter 6: Abdomen 377
Normal radiographic anatomy 379
Peritoneal and retroperitoneal spaces 379
Liver 380
Gall bladder/biliary system 381
Spleen 381
Pancreas 383
Gastrointestinal tract 383
Urinary tract 388
Adrenal glands 390
Male genital system 391
Female genital system 393
Diseases and disorders 393
Peritoneal hernia 393
Liver 394
Gall bladder/biliary system 396
Spleen 397
Pancreas 398
Gastrointestinal tract 399
Urinary tract 415
Adrenal glands 427
Male genital system 429
Female genital system 433
Differential diagnoses 436
Abdominal cavity 436
Abdominal wall 440
Gastrointestinal tract 441
Liver 447
Spleen 448
Pancreas 449
Urinary tract 450
Male genital system 455
Female genital system 455
Glossary 457
Bibliography 473
Index 475