Most of our knowledge of the physiological control of aldosterone secretion is based on animal experiments and clinical studies which were carried out in the 1950s and early 1960s by a large number of inspired, ingenious and meticulous researchers. Their work has been excellently reviewed by-among others-MULLER (1963), BLAIR WEST et al. (1963), LARAGH and KELLY (1964), GANONG et al. (1966), MULROW (1966), DAVIS (1967) and GROSS (1967). According to the majority of these investigators, aldosterone secretion is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin system, with plasma sodium and potassium levels and pituitary secretion of ACTH playing important secondary roles. During the last six years, this hypothesis has been generally accepted and has only occasionally been challenged. The following is an attempt to take-from the perspective of a relatively simple in vitro model-a new look at the efferent axis of the apparently very complex control system maintaining adequate aldosterone production in the mammalian organism. My views are based mainly on a series of experiments which I have performed in order to study more closely the interactions of adrenocortical tissue with substances capable of directly influencing aldosterone bio synthesis.
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ISBN-13
978-3-642-96062-8 (9783642960628)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-96062-8
Schweitzer Klassifikation
I. Zona Glomerulosa of the Adrenal Cortex: Source of Aldosterone.- II. Pathway of Aldosterone Biosynthesis.- III. Aldosterone Biosynthesis by Cell-Free Systems.- IV. Factors Directly Influencing Aldosterone Biosynthesis in Short-Term Incubation or Perfusion Experiments.- 1. Angiotensin II.- 2. Monovalent Cations.- 3. Bivalent Cations.- 4. ACTH.- 5. Cyclic AMP.- 6. NADPH.- 7. Serotonin.- 8. Specific Inhibitors of Steroidogenic Enzymes.- 9. Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis.- 10. Steroid Hormones.- 11. Ouabain.- V. Alterations in Aldosterone Biosynthesis and Secretion in Long-Term Experiments and Diseases.- 1. Alterations in Sodium Balance.- 2. Alterations in Potassium Balance.- 3. Exogenous Angiotensin and Renin.- 4. Renal Hypertension.- 5. Bilateral Nephrectomy.- 6. Hypophysectomy and Hypopituitarism.- 7. Lesions of the Central Nervous System.- 8. Mineralocorticosteroids.- 9. Glucocorticosteroids and ACTH.- 10. Estrogens and Progestogens.- 11. Heparin and Heparinoids.- VI. Conclusions.- 1. Multiplicity of Aldosterone-Stimulating Substances.- 2. "Adrenoglomerulotropins".- 3. Uniform Mode of Action of Aldosterone-Stimulating Compounds.- 4. Regulation of the Final Steps of Aldosterone Biosynthesis.- 5. Zona Glomerulosa Width.- 6. Species Differences.- 7. Predominance of the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Physiological Control of Aldosterone Secretion?.- 8. Multifactorial Control of Aldosterone Biosynthesis.- References.- Acknowledgements.
