Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineering

Name: Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineering
Brand: Wiley-ISTE
Price: 201.99 EUR
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Mathieu Mory(Autor*in)

Wiley-ISTE (Verlag)

Erschienen am 1. März 2013

422 Seiten

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978-1-118-61691-8 (ISBN)

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Cover
Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineering
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Part I. ELEMENTS IN FLUID MECHANICS
Chapter 1. Local Equations of Fluid Mechanics
1.1. Forces, stress tensor, and pressure
1.2. Navier-Stokes equations in Cartesian coordinates
1.3. The plane Poiseuille flow
1.4. Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates: Poiseuille flow in a circular cylindrical pipe
1.5. Plane Couette flow
1.6. The boundary layer concept
1.7. Solutions of Navier-Stokes equations where a gravity field is present, hydrostatic pressure
1.8. Buoyancy force
1.9. Some conclusions on the solutions of Navier-Stokes equations
Chapter 2. Global Theorems of Fluid Mechanics
2.1. Euler equations in an intrinsic coordinate system
2.2. Bernoulli's theorem
2.3. Pressure variation in a direction normal to a streamline
2.4. Momentum theorem
2.5. Evaluating friction for a steady-state flow in a straight pipe
2.6. Pressure drop in a sudden expansion (Borda calculation)
2.7. Using the momentum theorem in the presence of gravity
2.8. Kinetic energy balance and dissipation
2.9. Application exercises
Exercise 2.I: Force exerted on a bend
Exercise 2.II: Emptying a tank
Exercise 2.III: Pressure drop in a sudden expansion and heating
Exercise 2.IV: Streaming flow on an inclined plane
Exercise 2.V: Impact of a jet on a sloping plate
Exercise 2.VI: Operation of a hydro-ejector
Exercise 2.VII: Bypass flow
Chapter 3. Dimensional Analysis
3.1. Principle of dimensional analysis, Vaschy-Buckingham theorem
3.1.1. Example - the oscillating pendulum
3.2. Dimensional study of Navier-Stokes equations
3.3. Similarity theory
3.4. An application example: fall velocity of a spherical particle in a viscous fluid at rest
3.4.1. Application of the Vaschy-Buckingham theorem
3.4.2. Forces exerted on the ball
3.4.3. The hydrodynamic force opposing the particle's movement relative to the fluid
3.4.4. Fall velocity for a small Reynolds number
3.4.5. Fall velocity for a large Reynolds number
3.5. Application exercises
Exercise 3.I: Time of residence and chemical reaction in a stirred reactor
Exercise 3.II: Boundary layer on an oscillating plate
Exercise 3.III: Head capacity curve of a centrifugal pump
Chapter 4. Steady-State Hydraulic Circuits
4.1. Operating point of a hydraulic circuit
4.2. Steady-state flows in straight pipes: regular head loss
4.3. Turbulence in a pipe and velocity profile of the flow
4.4. Singular head losses
4.5. Notions on cavitation
4.6. Application exercises
Exercise 4.I: Regular head loss measurement and flow rate in a pipe
Exercise 4.II: Head loss and cavitation in a hydraulic circuit
Exercise 4.III: Ventilation of a road tunnel
Exercise 4.IV: Sizing a network of heating pipes
Exercise 4.V: Head, flow rate, and output of a hydroelectric power plant
4.7. Bibliography
Chapter 5. Pumps
5.1. Centrifugal pumps
5.1.1. Operating principle
5.1.2. Similarity laws and head/capacity curves
5.1.3. Implementation of a centrifugal pump
5.2. Classification of turbo pumps and axial pumps
5.3. Positive displacement pumps
Chapter 6. Transient Flows in Hydraulic Circuits: Water Hammers
6.1. Sound propagation in a rigid pipe
6.2. Over-pressures associated with a water hammer: characteristic time of a hydraulic circuit
6.3. Linear elasticity of a solid body: sound propagation in anelastic pipe
6.4. Water hammer prevention devices
Exercise
Chapter 7. Notions of Rheometry
7.1. Rheology
7.2. Strain, strain rate, solids and fluids
7.3. A rheology experiment: behavior of a material subjected to shear
7.4. The circular cylindrical rheometer (or Couette rheometer)
7.5. Application exercises
Exercise 7.I: Rheometry and flow of a Bingham fluid in a pipe
Exercise 7.II: Cone/plate rheometer
Part II. MIXING AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Chapter 8. Large Scales in Turbulence: Turbulent Diffusion - Dispersion
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Concept of average in the turbulent sense, steady turbulence, and homogeneous turbulence
8.3. Average velocity and RMS turbulent velocity
8.4. Length scale of turbulence: integral scale
8.5. Turbulent flux of a scalar quantity: averaged diffusion equation
8.6. Modeling turbulent fluxes using the mixing length model
8.7. Turbulent dispersion
8.8. The k-e model
8.9. Appendix: solution of a diffusion equation in cylindrical coordinates
8.10. Application exercises
Exercise 8.I: Dispersion of fluid streaks introduced into a pipe by a network of capillary tubes
Exercise 8.II: Grid turbulence and k-e modeling
Chapter 9. Hydrodynamics and Residence Time Distribution - Stirring
9.1. Turbulence and residence time distribution
9.1.1. Notion of residence time distribution
9.1.2. Modeling RTD via a turbulent diffusion approach: cases of a tubular reactor with axial dispersion and of a CSTR
9.2. Stirring
9.2.1. Mechanical characterization of a stirrer
9.2.2. Stirring and mixing time
9.2.3. Emulsions and foams
9.3. Appendix: interfaces and the notion of surface tension
9.3.1. Interface between two non-miscible fluids and surface tension
9.3.2. Equilibrium in the contact line between three phases, Jurin's law
Chapter 10. Micromixing and Macromixing
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Characterization of the mixture: segregation index
10.3. The dynamics of mixing
10.4. Homogenization of a scalar field by molecular diffusion: micromixing
10.5. Diffusion and chemical reactions
10.6. Macromixing, micromixing, and chemical reactions
10.7. Experimental demonstration of the micromixing process
Chapter 11. Small Scales in Turbulence
11.1. Notion of signal processing, expansion of a time signal into Fourier series
11.2. Turbulent energy spectrum
11.3. Kolmogorov's theory
11.4. The Kolmogorov scale
11.5. Application to macromixing, micromixing and chemical reaction
11.6. Application exercises
Exercise 11.I: Mixing in a continuous stirred tank reactor
Exercise 11.II: Mixing and combustion
Exercise 11.III: Laminar and turbulent diffusion flames
Chapter 12. Micromixing Models
12.1. Introduction
12.2. CD model
12.2.1. Principle
12.2.2. CD model in a closed reactor without reaction
12.2.3. CD model in an open reactor without reaction
12.2.4. CD model in the presence of a chemical reaction
12.3. Model of interaction by exchange with the mean
12.3.1. Principle
12.3.2. IEM model without a chemical reaction
12.3.3. IEM model with a chemical reaction
12.4. Conclusion
12.5. Application exercise
Exercise 12.I: Implementation of the IEM model for a slow or fast chemical reaction
Part III. MECHANICAL SEPARATION
Chapter 13. Physical Description of a Particulate Medium Dispersed Within a Fluid
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Solid particles
13.2.1. Geometrical characterization of a particle
13.2.2. Grain size distribution in a granular medium
13.2.3. Determination of a solid's density using a pycnometer
13.2.4. Concentrations
13.2.5. Formation of clusters, coagulation, and flocculation
13.3 Fluid particles
13.4. Mass balance of a mechanical separation process
Chapter 14. Flows in Porous Media
14.1. Consolidated porous media
non-consolidated porous media, and geometrical characterization
14.2. Darcy's law
14.3. Examples of application of Darcy's law
14.3.1. Laboratory permeameters
14.3.2. Membrane resistance to filtration
14.3.3. Dead-end filtration and cross-flow filtration
14.4. Modeling Darcy's law through an analogy with the flow inside a network of capillary tubes
14.5. Modeling permeability, Kozeny-Carman formula
14.6. Ergun's relation
14.7. Draining by pressing
14.7.1. Draining the liquid
14.7.2. Mechanical equilibrium of forces applied on the solid skeleton and on the liquid
14.7.3. Force transmission in the structure
14.7.4. Characteristic time of draining by pressing
14.8. The reverse osmosis process
14.9. Energetics of membrane separation
14.10. Application exercises
Exercise: Study of a seawater desalination process
Chapter 15. Particles Within the Gravity Field
15.1. Settling of a rigid particle in a fluid at rest
15.2. Settling of a set of solid particles in a fluid at rest
15.3. Settling or rising of a fluid particle in a fluid at rest
15.4. Particles being held in suspension by Brownian motion
15.5. Particles being held in suspension by turbulence
15.6. Fluidized beds
15.6.1. Flow regimes
15.6.2. Mechanical equilibrium in a fluidized bed
15.6.3. Fluid flow in a fluidized bed
15.7. Application exercises
Exercise 15.I: Distribution of particles in suspension and grain size sorting resulting from settling
Exercise 15.II: Fluidization of a bimodal distribution of particles
Chapter 16. Movement of a Solid Particle in a Fluid Flow
16.1. Notations and hypotheses
16.2. The Basset, Boussinesq, Oseen, and Tchen equation
16.3. Movement of a particle subjected to gravity in a fluid at rest
16.4. Movement of a particle in a steady, unidirectional shear flow
16.5. Lift force applied to a particle by a unidirectional flow
16.5.1. Lift force exerted on a particle in a fluid flow in an infinite medium
16.5.2. Lift force exerted on a particle in the vicinity of a wall
16.6. Centrifugation of a particle in a rotating flow
16.7. Applications to the transport of a particle in a turbulent flow or in a laminar flow
16.7.1. Application to laminar flows
16.7.2. Application to turbulent flows
Chapter 17. Centrifugal Separation
17.1 Rotating flows, circulation, and velocity curl
17.2. Some examples of rotating flows
17.2.1. Solid-body rotation in a rotating tank
17.2.2. Vortex flow
17.2.3. Flow in a hydrocyclone
17.3. The principle of centrifugal separation
17.4. Centrifuge decanters
17.4.1. Discontinuous centrifuge decanters
17.4.2. Continuous centrifuge decanters
17.5. Centrifugal separators
17.6. Centrifugal filtration
17.7. Hydrocyclones
17.7.1. Separation by a hydrocyclone of particles that are denser than the fluid
17.7.2. Separation by a hydrocyclone of particles less dense than the fluid
17.8. Energetics of centrifugal separation
17.9. Application exercise
Exercise 17.I: Grain size sorting in a hydrocyclone
Chapter 18. Notions on Granular Materials
18.1. Static friction: Coulomb's law of friction
18.2. Non-cohesive granular materials: Angle of repose, angle of internal friction
18.3. Microscopic approach to a granular material
18.4. Macroscopic modeling of the equilibrium of a granular material in a silo
18.5. Flow of a granular material: example of an hourglass
Physical Properties of Common Fluids
Index

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