The Dove (Culver), in
- Culver-hayes, the dove's field.
The Wren, in
- Wren-hurst, the wren's thicket;
- Wren-thorpe, the wren's village.
The Hen (Haen), in
- Hen-stead,
- Hen-baun,
- Hen-don, the hen's hill;
- Hen-ley, the hen's meadow;
- Hinton, the hen's town.
The Goose, in
- Gas-garth, the enclosure of the geese;
- Gos-forth, the ford of the geese;
- Gas-dale, the vale of the geese.
The word Fowl, which occurs in numerous places, had originally a much wider meaning than at present. Any flying creature, was a bird; and in this sense we find it in
- Fouls-ham, Ful-ham, the bird's home;
- Full-wood, the bird's wood;
- Fouln-ey, Fugl-oe, the bird's island;
- Vogels-berg, the bird's hill.
The names of Fish seem rather scarce; we find
- Fish-bourn, the stream, abounding in fish;
- Fisher-gate, fish street;
- Fisher-ton, fish town;
- Fish-guard, fish enclosure;
- Fish-toft, fish field;
- Fish-field, fish field;
- Fisch-back, fish rivulet;
- Fisk-um-foss, the waterfall of the fish dwelling.
The Salmon (Lax) occurs in
- Lax-ey,
- Lax-field,
- Lax-ay, salmon river;
- Lax-voe, salmon bay;
- Lake-fiord, salmon firth.
The Trout (Truht) is found in
- Trouts-dale,
- Trout-beck, the trout rivulet.
The Eel may be traced in
- Aal-borg, eel city;
- Aal-en, eel island;
- Aal-st, eel district;
- Aal-rust, eel torrent.
The Frog and Toad are perhaps the only reptiles we find in place-names. They evidently give names to
- Frog-hill, Frog-more, the frog's moor;
- Frox-feld, the frog's field;
- Frox-ton, the frog's town;
- Friskn-ey, the frog's island;
- Tad-ley,
- Tad-low.
The Scandinavian term for the reptile is Padda, which occurs in
- Pad-gate, frog street;
- Paddon-Beck, frog stream;
- Paddy-gill, frog rivulet; &c.
The insect Wigga, Wiega, a beetle, is perhaps found in
- Wig-more, the beetle's moor;
- Wiggen-holt, the beetle's wood;
- Wig-sell, the beetle's seat;
- Wig-ton, Wigs-ton, Wiggin-ton, the beetle's town;
- Wig-toft, the beetle's field.
In German, the name of the beetle is Kafer, cognate with the En-Chafer, which occurs in
- Kafer-loh, the beetle's meadow;
- Kafern-burg, the beetle's city.
(C) THE NAMES OF TREES, PLANTS, &c.
Table of Contents Trees performed no unimportant part in the division of land among the Teutonic nations; they were used as land marks and boundaries, and county courts were held under them.
The word Tree occurs very often in the names of places, and is no doubt connected with some historical circumstance: e.g.-
- Oswes-try,
- Coven-try,
- Dodin-tree,
- Web-tree,
- Grey-tree,
- Els-tree, &c.
The Oak (Ac) is found in
- Ac-ton, the oak town;
- Ack-worth, the oak farm;
- Auck-land, the oak district;
- Aike-Beck-Mouth, the mouth of the oak rivulet;
- Oak-leigh, Ock-ley, Oak-ley, Wok-ing, the oak meadow;
- As-kew (Ake-skeugh), the oak knoll;
- Ax-holme, the oak island;
- Ex-fold, the oak enclosure;
- Ex-twistle, the oak borders;
- Oke-hanger-mere, the oak meadow-lake;
- Oak-ham, the oak dwelling;
- Ock-brook, the oak brook;
- Uck-field, the oak plain;
- Bald-ock, the bare oak;
- Mart-ock, the market oak;
- Eich-horn, the oak height;
- Eichs-feld, the oak field;
- Eich-stadt, the oak town.
The Ash (Aesc) occurs in
- Ash-stead, ash dwelling;
- As-cot, ash hut;
- Ash-don, Ashen-don, Ash-down, ash hill;
- Ash-combe, Es-combe, ash valley;
- Esh-gill, ash rivulet;
- Ash-ling, ash heath;
- Ash-by, Ash-ton, aston, ash town;
- Ash-well, ash spring;
- Ash-borne, ash stream;
- As-hurst, ash thicket;
- Ash-fold, ash enclosure.
The Scandinavian form occurs in
- Ask-rigg, ash ridge;
- Ask-ern, ash dwelling;
- Asker-sund, ash sound;
- Ask-han, Ask-heim, ash home.
The German form is found in
- Eschers-leben, Aschers-leben, ash field or level;
- As-perg, ash hill;
- Eschen-bach, ash stream;
- Esch-wege, ash way;
- Esch-weiler, ash dwelling;
- As-sens, As-sen, ash dwelling;
- Assen-heim, ash home.
The Alder is found in
- Alder-bury, alder city;
- Alder-ley, alder meadow;
- Alder-minster, alder church;
- Aller-dale, alder vale;
- Aller-by, alder town;
- Alders-haugh, alder hill;
- Alder-mas-ton, alder marsh town;
- Alden-ham, alder home;
- Alder-shot, alder wood;
- Alli-thwaite, alder path;
- Aller-ton, Owler-ton, Eller-ton, alder town;
- Elle-ray, alder corner;
- Ell-feld, alder field;
- Ell-bogen, alder bending;
- Ell-rich, alder district;
- Ell-wangen, alder meadow;
- Erl-ach, alder dwelling on the stream;
- Erl-angen, Erl-au, alder meadow.
The Broom gives name to
- Brom-ton, broom town;
- Brom-borough, broom city;
- Brom-ley, broom meadow;
- Brom-yard, broom enclosure;
- Brom-hurst, broom forest;
- Broms-wold, broom wood;
- Brom-berg, broom hill;
- Bram-field, broom field;
- Bram-with, broom wood;
- Bram-shot, broom wood;
- Bram-ber, broom pasture;
- Bram-cote, broom hut.
The Beech may be traced in
- Bock-am, beech home;
- Buch-au, beech meadow;
- Buch-holz, beech wood;
- Buch-horn, beech corner;
- Buchs-weiler, beech dwelling.
The Birch gives name to
- Bark-by;
- Bark-ham;
- Bark-brough;
- Bark-ey;
- Birk-stall;
- Berke-ley, birch meadow;
- Birken-shaw, birch field;
- Berk-hamp-stead, birch homestead;
- Bark-by, birch town;
- Birken-field, birch...
