<hw>Apple-gum</hw>, <i>n</i>. See <i>Gum</i>.
<hw>Apple-scented gum</hw>, <i>n</i>. See <i>Gum</i>.
<hw>Apteryx</hw>, <i>n</i>. [Grk. <i>'a</i> privative and <i>pterux</i>, a wing.] A New Zealand bird about the size of a domestic fowl, with merely rudimentary wings.See <i>Kiwi</i>.
1813. G. Shaw, `Naturalist's Miscellany.' c. xxiv. p. 1058 (`O.E.D.'):
"The Southern Apteryx."
1848. W. Westgarth, `Australia Felix,' p. 137:
"The present Apterix or wingless bird of that country (New
Zealand)."
1851. `Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land,' vol. i. p. 300 [Letter from Rev. W. Colenso, Waitangi, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, Sept. 4, 1850:
"You enquire after an <i>Apteryx</i>. How delighted should I be to succeed in getting you one. Three years ago Owen expressed a similar wish, and I have repeatedly tried, but failed. Yet here they still are in the mountain forests, though, doubtless, fast hastening towards extinction. I saw one in its wild state two years ago in the dense woods of the interior; I saw it clearly. . . . Two living specimens were lately taken by the Acheron, steamer, to Sydney, where they died; these were obtained at the Bay of Islands, where also I once got three at one time. Since then I have not been able to obtain another, although I have offered a great price for one. The fact is, the younger natives do not know how to take them, and the elder ones having but few wants, and those fully supplied, do not care to do so. Further, they can only be captured by night, and the dog must be well trained to be of service."
1874. F. P. Cobbe, in `Littell's Age,' Nov. 7, p. 355 (`Standard'):
"We have clipped the wings of Fancy as close as if she were an Apteryx.'
<hw>Arbutus, Native</hw>, <i>n</i>. See <i>Wax-Cluster</i>.
<hw>Ardoo</hw>, <i>n</i>. See <i>Nardoo</i>.
<hw>Artichoke</hw>, <i>n</i>. name given to the plant <i>Astelia Alpina</i>, R. Br., <i>N.O. Liliaceae</i>.
<hw>Ash</hw>, <i>n</i>. The name, with various epithets, is applied to the following different Australasian trees-
Black Ash-
<i>Nephelium semiglaucum</i>, F. v. M.,
<i>N.O. Sapindaceae</i>; called also <i>Wild Quince</i>.
Black Mountain A.- <i>Eucalyptus leucoxylon</i>, F. v. M.,
<i>N.O. Myrtaceae</i>.
Blue A.-
<i>Elaeodendron australe</i>, Vent., <i>N.O. Celastrinae</i>.
Blueberry A.- <i>Elaeocarpus holopetalus</i>, F. v. M.,
<i>N.O. Tiliaceae</i>.
Brush Apple- <i>Acronychia baueri</i>, Schott. (of Illawarra,
N.S.W.).
Crow's A.-
<i>Flindersia australis</i>, R. Br., <i>N.O. Meliaceae</i>.
Elderberry A. (of Victoria)-
<i>Panax sambucifolius</i>, Sieb., <i>N.O. Araliaceae</i>.
Illawarra A.-
<i>Elaeocarpus kirtonia</i>, F. v. M., <i>N.O. Tiliaceae</i>.
Moreton Bay A.-
<i>Eucalyptus tessellaris</i>, Hook., <i>N.O. Myrtaceae</i>.
Mountain A. (see <i>Mountain Ash</i>).
New Zealand A. (see <i>Titoki</i>).
Pigeonberry A.-
<i>Elaeocarpus obovatus</i>, G. Don., <i>N.O. Tiliaceae</i>.
Red A.-
<i>Alphitonia excelsa</i>, Reiss, <i>N.O. Rhamnaceae</i>.
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 75:
"The Moreton Bay Ash (a species of <i>Eucalyptus</i>). ..was here also very plentiful."
<hw>Assigned</hw>, <i>past part</i>. of <i>verb</i> to assign, to allot. Used as <i>adj</i>. of a convict allotted to a settler as a servant. Colloquially often reduced to "signed."
1827. `Captain Robinson's Report,' Dec. 23:
"It was a subject of complaint among the settlers, that their assigned servants could not be known from soldiers, owing to their dress; which very much assisted the crime of `bush-ranging.'"
1837. J. D. Lang, `New South Wales,' vol. ii. p. 31
"The assigned servant of a respectable Scotch family residing near Sydney."
1845. R. Howitt, `Australia,' p. 75:
"Of the first five persons we saw to Van Diemen's Land, four were convicts, and perhaps the fifth. These were the assigned servants of the pilot."
1848. W. Westgarth, `Australia Felix,' p. 324:
"Under the old practice, the convicts, as soon as they arrived from Britain, were assigned among the various applicants. The servant thus assigned was bound to perform diligently, from sunrise till sunset, all usual and reasonable labour."
<hw>Assignee</hw>, <i>n</i>. a convict assigned as a servant. The word is also used in its ordinary English sense.
1843. `Penny Cyclopaedia,' vol. xxv. p. 139, col. 2:
"It is comparatively difficult to obtain another assignee,-easy to obtain a hired servant."
1848. W. Westgarth, `Australia Felix,' p. 324:
"Any instance of gross treatment disqualified him for the future as an assignee of convict labour."
<hw>Assignment</hw>, <i>n</i>. service as above.
1836. C. Darwin, `Journal of Researches' (1890), c. xix. p. 324:
"I believe the years of assignment are passed away with discontent and unhappiness."
1852. John West, `History of Tasmania,' vol. ii. p. 126:
"That form of service, known as assignment, was established by
Governor King in 1804."
1861. T. McCombie, `Australian Sketches,' p. 117:
"The assignment system was then in operation, and such as obtained free grants of land were allowed a certain proportion of convicts to bring it into cultivation."
<hw>Asthma</hw> Herb, Queensland, <i>n. Euphorbia pilulifera</i>, Linn. As the name implies, a remedy for asthma. The herb is collected when in flower and carefully dried.
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 183:
"This plant, having obtained some reputation in Australasia in certain pulmonary complaints, has acquired the appellation to the Colonies of `Queensland Asthma Herb'. Nevertheless, it is by no means endemic in Australasia, for it is a common tropical weed."
<hw>Aua</hw>, <i>n</i>. Maori name for a New Zealand fish, <i>Agonostoma forsteri</i>, Bleek. Another Maori name is <i>Makawhiti</i>; also called <i>Sea-Mullet</i> and sometimes <i>Herring</i>; (q.v.). It is abundant also in Tasmanian estuaries, and is one of the fishes which when dried is called <i>Picton Herring</i> (q.v.). See also <i>Maray</i> and <i>Mullet</i>. <i>Agonostoma</i> is a genus of the family <i>Mugilidae</i> or <i>Grey-Mullets</i>.
<hw>Aurora australis</hw>, <i>n.</i> the Southern equivalent for <i>Aurora borealis</i>.
1790. J. White, `Voyage to New South Wales,' p. 214:
"Sept. 5, 1788. About half after six in the evening, we saw an <i>Aurora Australis</i>, a phenomenon uncommon in the southern hemisphere."
<hw>Austral</hw>, <i>adj</i>. "Belonging to the South, Southern. Lat. <i>Australis</i>, from <i>auster</i>, south-wind." (`O.E.D.') The word is rarely used in Australasia in its primary sense, but now as equivalent to Australian or Australasian.
1823. Wentworth's Cambridge poem on `Australasia':
"And grant that yet an Austral Milton's song,
Pactolus-like, flow deep and rich along,
An Austral Shakespeare rise, whose living page
To Nature true may charm in every age;
And that an Austral Pindar daring soar,
Where not the Theban Eagle reach'd before."
1825. Barron Field, `First Fruits of Australian Poetry,' Motto in Geographical Memoir of New South Wales, p. 485:
"I first adventure. Follow me who list; And be the second Austral harmonist." <i>Adapted from Bishop Hall</i>.
1845. R. Howitt, `Australia,' p. 184:
"For this, midst Austral wilds I waken
Our British harp, feel whence I come,
Queen of the sea, too long forsaken,
Queen of the soul, my spirit's home."-Alien Song.
1855. W. Howitt, `Two Years in Victoria,' vol. i. p. 43:
"Every servant in this Austral Utopia thinks himself a gentleman."
1868. C. Harpur, `Poems' (ed. 1883), p. 215:
"How oft, in Austral woods, the parting day
Has gone through western golden gates away."
1879. J. B. O'Hara, `Songs of the South,' p. 127:
"What though no weird and legendary lore
Invests our young, our golden Austral shore
With that romance the poet loves too well,
When Inspiration breathes her magic spell."
1894. Ernest Favenc [Title]:
"Tales of the Austral Tropics."
1896. [Title]:
"The Austral Wheel-A Monthly Cycling Magazine, No. 1, Jan."
1896. `The Melburnian,' Aug. 28, p. 53
"Our Austral Spring." [Title of an article describing Spring in
Australia.]
<hw>Australasia</hw>, <i>n</i>. (and its adjectives), name "given originally by...
