A History of Biology

Name: A History of Biology | The Illuminated Manuscript and the Printed Book
Brand: Princeton University Press
Price: 22.49 EUR
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The Illuminated Manuscript and the Printed Book

Michel Morange(Autor*in)

Princeton University Press

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 1. Juni 2021

448 Seiten

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978-0-691-18878-2 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Cover
Contents
Preface
1. Ancient Greece and Rome
The Facts
The Birth of Biology
Overview of Ancient Greek and Roman Biological Sciences
Hippocratic Medicine
Aristotle
Galen's Physiology
Pliny the Elder's Natural History
The Atomists
Historical Overview
The Role of Experimentation in Greek Science and Particularly in Life Sciences
Anaximander and the Atomists: The Futile Search for Pioneers
Contemporary Relevance
Mechanistic and Molecular Explanations
The Role of Analogy
The Beginnings of the Chain of Being
Pliny's Legacy
Ever-Present Finalism
2. The Middle Ages and Arab-Muslim Science
The Facts
The Arab-Muslim World
The Middle Ages in the West
Historical Overview
Contemporary Relevance
Scientific Progress Is Not a Given
Less Obvious Contributions to the Development of Science
3. The Renaissance (Sixteenth Century)
The Facts
Progress in Anatomy and Depictions of the Human Body
Books on Natural History
Alchemy in Medicine: From Paracelsus to Van Helmont
Historical Overview
A Fascination with Dissections
The Role of Alchemy
Changes in the Social Structure of Science
Contemporary Relevance
Finding the Right Distance from the Past
New Techniques Bring New Sources of Error
Aging as a Form of Poisoning
4. The Age of Classicism (Seventeenth Century)
The Facts
The Discovery of Circulation
The Development of Quantitative Experiments
The Invention of the Microscope and Its Consequences
Historical Overview
The Not-So-Obvious Case of Circulation
The Mechanistic Model of Life and Its Limitations
The Incomprehensible Theory of Preformationism
Invisible and Indirect Changes
Contemporary Relevance
The Machines in Front of Us
Vestiges of Preformation Theory
Accepting the Plurality of Approaches in Biology
Translational Medicine Is Not New
5. The Enlightenment (Eighteenth Century)
The Facts
Vitalism
Classification: Linnaeus versus Buffon
Reproductive Physiology
The Role of Breathing Becomes Clear
Historical Overview
Variations on Vitalism
Classification versus Evolution
Classifying Humans
Priestley and Lavoisier: Only the First Step
Contemporary Relevance
A Natural Classification?
Comparing Plants and Animals
Maupertuis, the Father of Self-Organization?
6. The Nineteenth Century (Part I): Embryology, Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Physiology
The Facts
Embryology Becomes an Established Discipline
The Emergence of Cell Theory
The Rise of Germ Theory
Physiology's Golden Age
Historical Overview
The Roots of Cell Theory
Scholars Trapped by Their Own Philosophical Ideas?
The Tension between Chemical Explanations and Structural Models
Was Embryology Holding Out for Evolution?
1859: A Remarkable Year
Contemporary Relevance
The Disappearance of Traditional Disciplines in Biology
The Endogenous or Exogenous Origins of Diseases
The Debate on Cerebral Localization
7. The Nineteenth Century (Part II): The Theory of Evolution, the Theory of Heredity, and Ecology
The Facts
Lamarck: An Early Version of the Theory of Evolution
The Contribution of Georges Cuvier
The Second Wave of Transformism: Darwin
The Theory of Heredity
The Reception of Darwin's Theory and the Eclipse of Darwinism
From Biogeography to Ecology
Historical Overview
A Moving History
The Birth of a Science of Heredity
Biology: A Comparative Science, according to Auguste Comte
Darwinism and Ecology: A Complex Relationship
Biogeography
The Epistemological Originality of the Darwinian Model of Natural Selection
Science and Religion
Darwin and the Human Being
Contemporary Relevance
Epigenetics and the Return of Lamarckism
Compensation and Life Histories
The End of Orthogenesis?
Did Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Win the Argument with Cuvier?
The Mathematical Laws of Morphogenesis: The First Steps of Phyllotaxy
Another Mendel?
8. The Twentieth Century (Part I): The Diversity of Functional Biology and the Birth of Molecular Biology
The Facts
Biochemistry
Endocrinology and Neurophysiology
Immunology, Microbiology, Virology, and Chemotherapy
Developmental Biology and Cellular Biology
The Rediscovery of Mendel's Laws, and the Rise of Genetics
The Rise of Molecular Biology
Historical Overview
The Complex Dance of Disciplines
The Identity of Objects Studied and the Tools for Studying Them
Multiple Explanations-Contentious Explanations?
Embryonic Induction, Hormones, and Genes: Another Model for the Action of Genes
Contemporary Relevance
The Recurrent Enigma of Phenomena of Regeneration
From Data Science to Networks
Metchnikoff, the Inventor of Exaptation?
The Explanation of Diseases: A Plus or a Minus?
What Are the Colloids of Today?
The End of the Dominant Position of Genetics
The Asilomar Conference: A Model?
9. The Twentieth Century (Part II): The Theory of Evolution, Ecology, Ethology
The Facts
Genetics and the Theory of Evolution (1900-1920)
The Rise of Population Genetics (1918-1932)
Modern Evolutionary Synthesis (1937-1950)
Ecology
Ethology
Historical Overview
The Influence of Marxism
The Rise of Holism and Emergentism
The Energetics View of Life
The Question of Life
The Process of "Synthesis" in Science
Contemporary Relevance
From Energy to Information
From the Biosphere to Global Warming
The Responsibility of Biologists
10. Twentieth-Twenty-First Centuries: After the Syntheses
The Facts
The Rise of Structural Biology
The Encounter between Molecular Biology and the Modern Synthesis
Genome Sequencing
The New Frontier: The Neurosciences
A New View of the Living World
Historical Overview
The Dogma and Its Overturning: The Example of Prions
Molecular Noise
Does Systems Biology Have a Place?
Beyond Specificity?
Time and Life
Mastering the Evolutionary Future
The Mystery of Life
The Ever-Ambiguous Place of the Human Being
Contemporary Relevance
In Conclusion
References
Index of Names
Thematic Index

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