J. Mintzes and J.H. Wandersee, Learning, Teaching, and Assessment: A Human Constructivist Perspective.K.M. Edmondson, Assessing Science Understanding Through Concept Maps.J.J. Mintzes and J.D. Novak, Assessing Science Understanding: The Epistemological V Diagram.S.A. Southerland, M.U. Smith, and C.L. Cummins, "What Do You Mean by That?": Using Structured Interviews to Assess Science Understanding.K. Hogan and J. Fisherkeller, Dialogue as Data: Assessing Students' Scientific Reasoning with Interactive Protocols.J.H. Wandersee, Designing an Image-Based Biology Test.E. Trowbridge and J.H. Wandersee, Observation Rubrics in Science Assessment.M.R. Vitale and N.R. Romance, Portfolios in Science Assessment: A Knowledge-Based Model for Classroom Practice.K.M. Fisher, SemNetR Software as an Assessment Tool.A.B. Champagne and V.L. Kouba, Writing to Inquire: Written Products as Performance Measures.P.M. Sadler, The Relevance of Multiple-Choice Testing in Assessing Science Understanding.P. Tamir, National and International Assessment.R.J. Shavelson and M.A. Ruiz-Primo, On the Psychometrics of Assessing Science Understanding.R.G. Good, Cautionary Notes on Assessment of Understanding Science Concepts and Nature of Science.J.J. Mintzes, J.H. Wandersee, and J.D. Novak, Epilogue: On Ways of Assessing Science Understanding.Subject Index.